葡萄锰中毒症及其相关营养元素分析

以玉溪市葡萄生产上出现的锰中毒症株及正常株为研究对象,采用田间调查与室内检测分析、锰中毒株与正常株比较相结合的方法,研究了葡萄锰中毒株及正常株叶片的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe等指标,以及根际土壤的pH、有效态Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg等指标,以期为玉溪市葡萄生产上锰中毒症的防控提供技术依据。结果表明:与正常株比较,葡萄发生锰中毒株的叶片锰含量平均高达1 501.3 mg·kg^-1,比正常株的552.6 mg·kg^-1提高了1.7倍之多;P、K含量也极显著提高1倍多,而Ca、Mg含量则极显著降低近40%;锰毒株的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn很低,分别为17.7、2.1,均显著低于正常株的98.3、10.5。葡萄发生锰中毒株的根际土壤的pH为4.29~4.35(为强酸性),有效Mn含量高达159.8~178.2 mg·kg^-1;土壤的Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低,分别为7.1、0.6,均显著低于正常株的180.2、13.3。在玉溪市葡萄生产上发生的以"叶片主脉、支脉及叶脉附近的叶肉组织呈褐色状"为典型症状的锰毒株,其叶片锰吸收量过高,分析其原因是由于根际土壤pH较低为强酸性,土壤有效Mn含量过高,有效态Ca、Mg含量过低,Ca/Mn、Mg/Mn也很低所致。为葡萄生产上选择适宜土壤及其pH调节、合理平衡施肥提供参考依据。     

我国蔬菜作物耐低温性研究进展

低温胁迫是蔬菜生产过程中的主要逆境因子,对蔬菜作物的生长发育、商品产量形成影响极大。本文综述了蔬菜作物耐低温性的遗传模型、生理调节和分子机制,展望了蔬菜作物耐低温性的研究前景。     

小麦秸秆截段覆盖对设施蔬菜产量和土壤性质的影响

以豆瓣菜和小麦秸秆为试材,低温季节按500 kg·(667m^2)^-1将小麦秸秆截成10 cm后覆盖并浅水种植豆瓣菜,高温季节按1 000 kg·(667m^2)^-1覆盖并浅水种植水蕹菜,研究了不同季节设施水生蔬菜田土表覆盖截段小麦秸秆的腐解规律以及对水生蔬菜产量品质和土壤性质的影响,以期为设施菜田土壤改良和小麦秸秆利用新途径提供参考依据。结果表明:经低温季节140 d和高温季节163 d的腐解,小麦秸秆腐解率分别为66.67%和85.00%;土表水层电导率前期迅速上升后缓慢下降,低温季节第3天达最大值1 180μS·cm^-1,高温季节第12天达最大值1 806μS·cm^-1;氧化还原电位表现为前期迅速下降,低温季节第3天降至-80 mV,高温季节第5天降至-180 mV,后期处理与对照变化趋势基本一致。与对照组相比,小麦秸秆还田可提高蔬菜的产量和品质,可有效增加设施土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾以及速效磷、钾的含量,提高土壤脲酶活性,降低土壤硝态氮含量。     

智能算法在农业大数据中的探究

为进一步推进智能农业大数据产业的健康有序发展,减少农业领域在生产、销售等环节中的风险因素,确保农业生产者、销售者的最大利益。通过详细分析农业大数据中的核心问题,以云南省鲜切花产业为研究对象,拟采用人工神经网络算法分别构建鲜切花价格预测模型群、鲜切花质量等级识别模型群,将鲜切花价格预测模型群嵌入云平台中,以低廉的价格提供给需求者;将鲜切花质量等级识别模型群应用于鲜切花等级分类的流水线,方便快捷的进行智能化分类。整个研究引入了智能算法,将智能与农业进行有机的结合,为农业大数据中心的发展提供参考依据。     

Effect of FGFR1 expression knock-down on biological characteristics of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells

AIM: To study the effect of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression knock-down on the viability, apoptosis, invasion and migration of infantile hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs). METHODS: FGFR1 was down-regulated by FGFR1 small interfering RNA (si-FGFR1) transfection. The viability of the cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry and the invasion and migration abilities were determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were examined by Western blot. RESULTS: Transfection of si-FGFR1 into HemECs had significant effects on inhibiting cell viability (P<0.05), promoting apoptosis (P<0.05), and decreasing cell invasion and migration abilities (P<0.05). The results of Western blot showed that knockdown of FGFR1 gene expression in the cells reduced the protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT (P<0.05), and had no significant effect on AKT protein level. CONCLUSION: Knock-down of FGFR1 expression changes the biological characteristics of endothelial cells in infantile hemangiomas by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.     

Metformin sensitizes human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to tamo-xifen through down-regulation of c-Myc

AIM: To investigate whether metformin enhances the sensitivity of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to tamoxifen by down-regulating c-Myc. METHODS: The cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation experiment, flow cytometry and Transwell assay. The expression level of c-Myc was quantified by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. The antitumor effects of metformin and tamoxifen were investigated in vivo in a MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model in the SCID mice. RESULTS: Metformin in combination with tamoxifen exerted synergistic effects on inhibition of the viability, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced the apoptosis compared with the controls and either agent treatment alone in the MDA-MB-231 cells. The levels of c-Myc was down-regulated in vitro by treatment with metformin and/or tamoxifen (P<0.01). Moreover, metformin or in combination with tamoxifen also reduced the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumors in the SCID mice by down-regulation of c-Myc in vivo. CONCLUSION: Metformin in combination with tamoxifen exerts synergistic effects on inhibition of the proliferation, migration, invasion and tumor growth of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by down-regulating c-Myc expression, suggesting that metformin in combination with tamoxifen merits further evaluation as a target.     

美观新颖的昆虫标本制作

为了保护环境，减少昆虫资源的浪费，介绍表面皿标本，琥珀标本，蝴蝶珍藏卡等标本制作方法。     

超声结合酶法提取紫山药花青素工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以紫山药为试材,以0.5%柠檬酸水溶液为溶剂,采用超声结合酶法提取花青素,通过单因素试验和正交实验对紫山药中花青素的提取工艺进行优化,并用大孔吸附树脂纯化,对其进行体外抗氧化试验,研究了超声结合酶法提取紫山药花青素最佳工艺参数和其体外抗氧化活性,为紫山药的综合开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为加酶量1.5%、料液比1∶20g·mL~(-1)、提取时间25min、超声功率200 W。在此条件下,花青素得率为5.91mg·g~(-1)。体外抗氧化试验中,紫山药花青素表现出明显的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力明显强于维生素C。     

激光植物生长灯光处理对辣椒生长的影响

为了提高辣椒产量,争取提早上市,研究了激光植物生长灯对辣椒生长的影响。试验结果表明,激光植物生长灯处理可使辣椒现蕾期、始花期、始收期提前4~7 d,具有矮化辣椒苗、增加茎粗、提高现蕾率、增加辣椒苗期鲜质量及干质量的作用,使辣椒产量增加384.71 kg/667 m2,增产幅度达19.0%。     

苏粳815机插高产形成特点及其配套精确定量栽培技术

通过综合高产试验和机插行株距规格与氮肥组合试验,分析了苏粳815高产形成的特点,明确了其高产产量结构及其形成的主要生育指标,提出了目标产量650~700 kg/667 m~2相配套的精确定量栽培技术。