白洋淀中华绒螯蟹种质资源形态判别与评价

对中华绒螯蟹外部形态32个测量点进行测量．利用形态判别法对白洋淀的中华绒螯蟹种质资源分析评价．建立了白洋淀中华绒鳌蟹形态判别式。结果表明．白洋淀河蟹种群属于北方蟹的辽河蟹．判别准确率达100％。结果有利于白洋淀中华绒螯蟹均质种群的维持,建议应加强白洋淀中华绒鳌蟹资源的管理。     

斑点叉尾鮰的苗种繁育技术

斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)又称沟鲶,河鲶、美洲鲶,属鲶形目、鮰科、叉尾鮰属.原产于美国中部流域、加拿大南部和大西洋沿岸部分地区,是美国的主要养殖鱼类,不仅适应淡水水域,也能进入半咸水域生活,湖北省水产科学研究所于1984年引入我国,经过多年的研究及推广养殖,斑点叉尾鮰养殖已发展到我国20多个省、市.     

深水网箱选址初步研究

为给深水网箱的合理选址提供参考,初步研究了网箱拟养海区需具备的环境条件、水质要求、网箱设施的安全性及养殖鱼类的适应性等。结果表明,深水网箱的选址应符合法律法规,以不破坏环境及其它产业的发展、同时又能取得较好效益为原则。在确定深水网箱养殖区域前,应进行海区初选、拟养海区的水文环境调查、当地的社会经济和生态调查,结合网箱类型和养殖品种,以网箱设施安全性、养殖鱼类适应性以及网箱养殖经济实用性和规划合理性等方面的综合论证为基础,分析拟养海区的利弊因素,综合平衡后确定养殖海区。     

草鱼出血病的免疫学研究进展

由于草鱼病毒性出血病发病率高,且尚未找到有效防治的药物,至今一直成为草鱼养殖发展中"瓶颈"问题的根本原因。因此,采取免疫学途径防治草鱼出血病是解决此问题的关键之所在。综述了采用草鱼出血病疫苗、干扰素及免疫增强剂进行草鱼出血病防治的研究现状;提出口服型免疫增强剂是生产上防治草鱼出血病最为有效的途径之一。     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.     

Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein to energy ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial average weight of 0.09 ± 0.002 g, mean ± SE). Twelve practical test diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (300, 340, 380 and 420 g kg^?1) and three lipid levels (50, 75 and 100 g kg^?1). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps per tank (260 L). The water temperature was 28.5 ± 2 °C and the salinity was 28 ± 1 g L^?1 during the experimental period. The results showed that the growth was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Shrimps fed the diets containing 300 g kg^?1 protein showed the poorest growth. However, shrimp fed the 75 g kg^?1 lipid diets had only slightly higher growth than that fed 50 g kg^?1 lipid diets at the same dietary protein level, and even a little decline in growth with the further increase of dietary lipid to 100 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed the diet with 420 g kg^?1protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid had the highest specific growth rate. However, shrimp fed the diet with 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid showed comparable growth, and had the highest protein efficiency ratio, energy retention and feed efficiency ratio among dietary treatments. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum of shrimp increased with increasing dietary lipid level at the same dietary protein level. Body lipid and energy increased with increasing dietary lipid level irrespective of dietary protein. Results of the present study showed that the diet containing 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid with digestible protein/digestible energy of 21.1 mg kJ^?1 is optimum for L. vannamei, and the increase of dietary lipid level has not efficient protein‐sparing effect.     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

第8届国际甜椒圃地试验报告

从6个方面对参试品种进行了比较分析,结论认为：除ISPN8#3在陕西岐山试验地表现差以外,其余品种（系）均表现优良。     

FSWM: A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management model for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty

A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management (FSWM) model is developed for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, based on advancement of a multistage fuzzy-stochastic quadratic programming (MFSQP) approach. In MFSQP, uncertainties presented in terms of fuzziness and randomness can be incorporated within a multilayer scenario tree, such that revised decisions are permitted in each time period based on the realized values of the uncertain events. Moreover, fuzzy quadratic terms are used in the objective function to minimize the variation of satisfaction degrees among the constraints; it allows an increased flexibility in controlling the system risk in the optimization process. Results of the case study indicate that useful solutions for the planning of agricultural water management have been obtained. In the FSWM model, a number of policies for agricultural water supply are conducted. The results obtained can help decision makers to identify desired water-allocation schemes for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, particularly when limited water resources are available for multiple competing users.     

基于粗糙集与支持向量机的禽蛋蛋壳无损检

针对当前禽蛋蛋壳无损检测系统存在检测精度不高的问题,提出粗糙集和支持向量机相结合的方法进行分类器的设计.首先,基于粗糙集理论对特征参数集进行属性约简,在约简过程中,利用模糊C均值聚类算法对特征参数进行量化,并基于属性重要性的启发式搜索对条件属性进行约简;然后,在属性约简的基础上完成支持向量机分类器的训练,在训练过程中,通过交叉验证法对分类器模型参数进行了优化.实验结果表明该方法的分类准确率能够达到94.6%,具有良好的工程应用价值.