Der M. cucullaris beim Amerikanischen Tapir (Tapirus terrestris, L. 1758)

The reexamination of the branchiogenic muscles of the shoulder shows also in the Lowland Tapir, that the dorsal branch of the Ramus ext. of the N. accessorius innervates the three parts of the M. trapezius (Pars clavicularis, cervicalis and thoracalis), and the ventral branch innervates the two parts of the M. sternocleidomastoideus (Pars sternomandibularis and sternomastoidea). There is no Pars cleidomastoidea in the latter muscle. As common name for all muscles innervated by the Ramus ext. of the N. accessorius, the term M. cucullaris is proposed again.     

Phytochemische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen der einheimischen Flora und des Gaterslebener Sortiments I. Mitteilung

Zusammenfassung 317 Pflanzenarten aus 73 Familien der einheimischen Flora und des Gaterslebener Sortiments wurden nach einem ausführlich beschriebenen Standardverfahren orientierend auf Alkaloide, Saponine, Triterpene und Sterine untersucht.

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Summary 317 plant species from 73 families of the indigenous flora and of the sortiment in Gatersleben have been preliminarily investigated for alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, and sterols, using a fully described standard procedure.

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m 317 73 - «», «», «» «». .

     

Uni- und multivoltine Populationen von Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) in Europa (Coleoptera,Bruchidae)

Zusammenfassung Nach einem Referat über die Entdeckung uni- und multivoltiner Populationen vonAcanthoscelides obtectus (Say) in Mexiko und Kolumbien und über das Freilandvorkommen multivoltiner Populationen dieses Käfers in Südwest-Frankreich und Ungarn wird vermutet, daß das vonZachariae beschriebene Freilandvorkommen vonA. obtectus in Nordwestdeutschland von einer aus Amerika eingeschleppten univoltinen Population verursacht wurde. Auf die mutmaßliche Bedeutung des genetischen Polymorphismus für die Entstehung von Hausinsekten, besonders derSitophilus-Arten, wird hingewiesen.

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Uni- und multivoltine populations of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say in Europe (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

Based on a review of papers on discovery of uni- and multivoltine populations ofAcanthoscelides obtectus (Say) in Mexico and Colombia and on field damages by imported multivoltine populations in southwestern France and Hungaria the occurrence of this beetle in fields of northwestern Germany reported byZachariae is suggested done by a univoltine population. The probable role of this genetic polymorphism in origin of stored products insects especiallySitophilus spp. is mentioned also.

     

Über die Sterine vonSolanum tuberosum L. Sterine und Triterpenoide. VIII. Mitteilung

Zusammenfassung Aus Blättern der KartoffelpflanzeSolanum tuberosum Aquila wurde außer Cycloartenol (I), 24-Methylen-cycloartanol (II) (?), Lophenol (III), 24-Methylen-(IV) und 24-Äthyliden-lophenol (V) in 0,05%iger Ausbeute (bezogen auf Blatt-Trockengew.) ein Steringemisch isoliert, das nach dem Molekül-Massenspektrum (Ionisierung durch Anlagerung energiearmer negativer Ladungsträger) aus etwa 49% -Sitosterin (VIII), 36% Stigmasterin (IX), 12% Cholesterin (VI) und 3% Campesterin (VII) zusammengesetzt ist. Weiterhin ließen sich die homologen n-Paraffine C₂₅H₅₂ bis C₃₃H₆₈ und iso-Paraffine C₂₉H₆₀ bis C₃₃H₆₈ (Hauptkomponente mit ca. 51% n-Hentriacontan) sowie geringe Mengen höherer aliphatischer Ketone, vor allem Tritriacontanon, gaschromatographisch bzw. molekülmassenspektrographisch nachweisen.

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Summary In addition to cycloartenol (I), 24-methylene-cycloartanol (II) (?), lophenol (III), 24-methylene-(IV) and 24-ethylidene-lophenol (V) a mixture of sterols has been isolated from leaves of the potato plantSolanum tuberosum Aquila (0,05% of the dry weight), which, according to our molecular mass spectrographic investigations employing negative ionization, contains approximately 49% -sitosterol (VIII), 36% stigmasterol (IX), 12% cholesterol (VI), and 3% campesterol (VII). Furthermore the homologous n-alkanes C₂₅H₅₂ to C₃₃H₆₈ and iso-alkanes C₂₉H₆₀ to C₃₃H₆₈ (the main component being n-triacontane with ca. 51%) as well as some higher aliphatic ketones, especially tritriacontanone, have been detected by gas-liquid chromatographic and molecular mass spectrographic methods.

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am ¶rt;au Solanum tuberosum L., , (I), 24- (II) (?), (III), 24-- (IV) 24-- (V) ( 0,05% ). « -» ( ) 49%- (VIII), 36% (IX), 12% (VI) 3% (VII). () « -» - ( _{2552 3368}) - ( _{2960 3368}), 51%-, , .

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VII. Mitteilung: von Ardenne und Mitarb. (1965b).

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Zugleich IV. Mitteilung der Reihe Molekül-Massenspektrographie von Naturstoffen. — III. Mitteilung: von Ardenne und Mitarb. (1965b).

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Forschungsinstitut Manfred von Ardenne, Dresden-Weißer Hirsch.

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Teil der Dissertation von G. Osske, Univ. Halle, 1963.     

Über landwirtschaftliche und soziologische Einflüsse auf das Auftreten und die Bekämpfung von Schädlingen in Saudi-Arabien

In former times there were only small cultivation areas in Saudi Arabia consisting of native crop varieties which were large resistant to pests and diseases. They showed an ecologic equilibrium. Since then modern technics and irrigation resulted in a considerable enlargement of these areas which are now attacked by many pests. The most important of the mite and insect pests are reviewed. In Agric. and Water Res. Center of Riyadh scientists are building up an extensive collection of all arthropods living in Saudi Arabia. For the purposes of pest control efforts are made to reach an integrated pest management. Studies are going to reduce the damages by help of cultivation measures.     

COMPARISON OF CLOSURE TIMES FOR CRANIAL BASE SYNCHONDROSES IN MESATICEPHALIC,BRACHYCEPHALIC, AND CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL DOGS

Premature closure of cranial base synchondroses has been proposed as the mechanism for brachycephaly in dogs and caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare times of closure for cranial base synchondroses in mesaticephalic, brachycephalic, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrieved for client‐owned dogs less than 18 months of age. Breed, age, skull conformation, and the open or closed state of cranial base synchondroses were independently recorded by two observers. For dogs with a unanimous observer agreement, regression analysis was used to test effects of age and gender on the open or closed status of synchondroses and differences between groups. A total of 174 dogs were included in MRI interpretations and 165 dogs were included in the regression analysis. Statistically significant differences in closure time of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis were identified between brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs (P = 0.016), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and mesaticephalic dogs (P < 0.0001), and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and brachycephalic dogs (P = 0.014). Findings from the current study supported the theory that morphological changes leading to the skull phenotype of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniels could be due to an earlier closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis.