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51.
The decline of fisheries on the Madeira River,Brazil: The high cost of the hydroelectric dams in the Amazon Basin 下载免费PDF全文
Rangel E. Santos Ricardo M. Pinto‐Coelho Rogério Fonseca Nadson R. Simões Fabrício B. Zanchi 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(5):380-391
Despite being considered beneficial by providing a clean and renewable source of energy, the construction of hydroelectric dams has extremely negative implications for Amazonian fisheries. This study investigated the impacts of the Santo Antônio and Jirau hydroelectric dams on the fishery stocks of the Madeira River. This investigation was based on fish catch data from the Z‐31 fishing colony, located in the municipality of Humaitá, in Amazonas State, Northern Brazil. Data were collected daily and provided information on the date of return from each trip, the fish species targeted, and the total catch (kg) between January 2002 and September 2017. The results indicated reductions of 39% in the mean annual catch and 34% in the mean monthly catches. These results highlight the high price paid by local fish communities for the development of hydroelectric power in the Amazon basin. 相似文献
52.
Janaína?Camacho?da?Silva Antonio?Sergio?Varela Junior J?sie?Shwartz?Caldas Clarissa?da?Silva Freitas Joziel?Gon?alves?Botelho Elton?Pinto?Colares Carine?Dahl?CorciniEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(1):93-102
Sperm quality tests on fish are classically used for evaluating cryopreservation procedures, and they are also promising to assess aquatic toxicity and biomarkers of xenobiotic effects on reproduction. Osmotic shock from the storage medium is one of the main factors affecting sperm quality during evaluation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different osmolalities (240–460 mOsm/kg) for at least 4 days on the sperm quality parameters of the viviparous fish Jenynsia multidentata. The level of significance was (P < 0.05). The plasma osmolality of J. multidentata is 326 ± 3.9 mOsm/kg. The motility of fresh semen was higher in osmolalities of 280 and 300 mOsm/kg but did not differ between osmolalities from 240 to 320 mOsm/kg. Above 380 mOsm/kg, the motility observed was 0 %. Over the time period studied motility increased with increasing osmolality, and the most constant and long-lasting rates were between 300 and 320 mOsm/kg. On the 4th day of evaluation, higher membrane integrity rates were observed between 280 and 360 mOsm/kg, higher mitochondrial membrane potential was observed between 300 and 460 mOsm/kg, and higher DNA integrity rates were observed between 260 and 380 mOsm/kg. Moreover, osmolalities ≥460 and ≤240 resulted in the lowest motility and DNA integrity levels. Over 4 days, the plasma membrane integrity was significantly lower at ≤260 and ≥400 mOsm/kg, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly lower only in osmolalities ≤240 mOsm/kg. Therefore, we conclude that for sperm quality preservation in J. multidentata, an osmolality of 300–320 mOsm/kg of the most suitable diluent is necessary. Furthermore, we conclude that the storage of sperm in a hyposmotic (<260 mOsm/kg) or hyperosmotic (>400 mOsm/kg) solution affects not only motility but also other sperm quality parameters. 相似文献
53.
Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silage inoculated with tropical strains of lactic acid bacteria 下载免费PDF全文
B. F. Carvalho C. L. S. Ávila M. G. C. P. Miguel J. C. Pinto M. C. Santos R. F. Schwan 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(2):308-323
Aerobic stability is an important feature in the evaluation of silages. The aims were to investigate the chemical and microbiological changes that occur in sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.) silage after aerobic exposure, to identify the major species of yeasts associated with the aerobic deterioration process and to select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that can improve the aerobic stability of this silage. Fourteen wild LAB strains belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis and L. hilgardii were evaluated using experimental silos. Silage samples were collected at 0, 96 and 216 h after aerobic exposure to determinate the DM, WSC, pH, products of fermentation, to evaluate the silage temperatures and to identify yeast species associated with the aerobic deterioration of silage. The strains tested were able to modify the fermentative and chemical parameters and the diversity of yeasts species of silage after aerobic exposure. There was no association between the facultative or obligatory heterofermentative fermentation patterns and the increased aerobic stability of silage. Aerobic stability of sugar-cane silages was associated with high acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol concentrations. L. hilgardii UFLA SIL51 and UFLA SIL52 strains promoted an increase in aerobic stability of silage. 相似文献
54.
M.F. Madeira F.B. Figueiredo A.G.S. Pinto L.D. Nascimento M. Furtado E. Mouta-Confort C.C. de Paula A. Bogio M.C.A. Gomes A.M.S. Bessa S.R.L. Passos 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):260-262
The objective of this study was to evaluate intact skin of seroreactive dogs as a possible target for the parasitological confirmation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). For this purpose, 394 dogs identified in serological surveys carried out in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte were studied. Blood was collected from all animals for serology and a tissue sample was obtained from two sites for parasitological diagnosis. Skin obtained from the ear and scapular region was simultaneously analyzed in 247 animals and lesion samples and ear skin were analyzed in 147 dogs. Leishmania parasites were isolated from 310 (78.7%) animals, and all isolates were identified as Leishmania chagasi. Simultaneous isolation from two sites was possible in 240 of the 310 animals, including ear and scapular skin in 151/247 (61.1%) and ear skin and skin lesions in 89/147 (60.5%). Ours results suggest that intact skin is one of the main target sites for the parasitological confirmation of CVL in seroreactive dogs. 相似文献
55.
Samuel Luiz Fioreze João Paulo Costa Carneiro Daniela Dias Pinto João Domingos Rodrigues 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(18):2602-2610
We characterized the pollination and fecundation times in soybean flowers and evaluated the effects of kinetin and calcium applications on physiological and productive traits of soybean plants during the reproductive stage. The anatomical study of flowers of eight soybean cultivars showed that fecundation occurred in closed flowers with visible petals, which presented embryo in the first cell divisions. These results indicate that fertilizers and growth regulation applications should be performed before flower opening, which is different from the current recommendation. Foliar applications of kinetin and calcium between the floral bud and full flowering stages did not affect carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation, yield components and final yield. The results obtained in this research showed the lack of viability of foliar application of calcium and kinetin in order to increase pod set and number of seeds per plant in soybean crop. 相似文献
56.
Carlos Alberto Scapim Cleso Antônio Patto Pacheco Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior Rafael Augusto Vieira Ronald José Barth Pinto Thiago Vincenzi Conrado 《Euphytica》2010,174(2):209-218
In plant breeding, correlations between the statistics of stability and adaptability of popcorn cultivars are not yet well
understood. Therefore, the objectives of the present experiment was to investigate the correlations between sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} and bi \beta_{\rm i} from Eberhart and Russell, ωi from Wricke,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} and
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} from Huehn, Pi from Lin and Binns and the rank-sum from Kang, and indicate the most reliable method for selecting popcorn cultivars. These
statistics were estimated by data of crop yield from 19 Brazilian genotypes under 21 environments and popping expansion under
16 environments. The ωi,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} ,
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} and sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} were positively and significantly correlated indicating that just one in these five statistics is sufficient for selecting
stable genotypes although they were not correlated with the means of crop yield and popping expansion. The bi \beta_{\rm i} was negatively and significantly correlated with Pi for crop yield indicating that the most adaptable genotypes tend to have the lowest estimates of Pi. Although Pi was not correlated with ωi,
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} ,
\textS\texti(2) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(2)} ,
\textS\texti(3) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(3)} , or sdi2 \sigma_{\rm di}^{2} statistics, it displayed positive correlation with the Index 1 (crop yield and popping expansion +
\textS\texti(1) {\text{S}}_{\text{i}}^{(1)} rank) and Index 2 (crop yield and popping expansion + Wi) indicating that superior popcorn genotypes are also stable. Finally, both Pi and the rank-sum are useful statistics in breeding programmes where crop yield, popping expansion and stability are essential
traits for selecting genotypes. 相似文献
57.
Aldair JW Pinto Maria M Figueiredo Fabiana L Silva Trycia Martins Marilene SM Michalick Washington L Tafuri Wagner L Tafuri 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):67
Background
The aim of this study was to provide a systematic pathological and parasitological overview of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon, of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania.Methods
Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and obtained from the Control Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Ribeirão das Neves, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan area, Minas Gerais (MG) state, Brazil, were analyzed. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised nine clinically normal dogs and group 2 comprised 11 clinically affected dogs. After necropsy, one sample was collected from each GIT segment, namely the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. Furthermore, paraffin-embedded samples were used for histological and parasitological (immunohistochemistry) evaluation and a morphometrical study were carried out to determine the parasite load (immunolabeled amastigote forms of Leishmania). The Friedman and the Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The Friedman test was used to analyze each segment of the GIT within each group of dogs and the Mann Whitney test was used to compare the GIT segments between clinically unaffected and affected dogs.Results
The infected dogs had an increased number of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes, but lesions were generally mild. Parasite distribution in the GIT was evident in all intestinal segments and layers of the intestinal wall (mucosal, muscular and submucosal) irrespective of the clinical status of the dogs. However, the parasite load was statistically higher in the caecum and colon than in other segments of the GIT.Conclusion
The high parasite burden evident throughout the GIT mucosa with only mild pathological alterations led us to consider whether Leishmania gains an advantage from the intestinal immunoregulatory response (immunological tolerance). 相似文献58.
Development of an indirect ELISA-NcSRS2 for detection of Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Borsuk S Andreotti R Leite FP Pinto Lda S Simionatto S Hartleben CP Goetze M Oshiro LM Matos Mde F Berne ME 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(1-2):33-38
Neosporosis is of alarming economic concern in the cattle industry. The effectiveness of diagnostic tests for detecting specific antibodies against Neospora caninum is hampered by potential cross-reaction with other coccidia. Use of a single specific antigen might improve test specificity. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using the truncated protein NcSRS2 expressed in Escherichia coli. The ELISA results were compared with those of the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Tests in the Absence of a Gold Standard (TAGS) analysis revealed an assay having 96% specificity and 95% sensitivity when applied to 145 positive and 352 negative sera from two distinct cattle populations. Using OD ≤ 0.095 as the cut-off point, the assay's negative and positive predictive values ranged from 98.8% to 50.8% and from 58.8% to 99.1%, respectively, depending on neosporosis prevalence in a given area. The novel ELISA-NcSRS2 format described in the present report constitutes a specific and sensitive method for detecting N. caninum in cattle. 相似文献
59.
Thaise Pinto de Melo Marina Rufino Salinas Fortes Ben Hayes Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque Roberto Carvalheiro 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):139-154
The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman. 相似文献
60.
Sofia Knapic Isabel Pinto Seppä Arto Usenius Helena Pereira 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(5):745-751
Recent research is underway to study cork oak (Quercus suber L.) wood potential for production of wood components. A total of 35 stems of young and mature cork oaks were sampled, live sawn into flitches, scanned using VTT’s WoodCIM®, and the measured data computed by VTT’s PuuPilot software, allowing stem 3D reconstruction. Sawing simulations were run for 0.5 m and 1 m logs and the whole stem. Sawn products were (1) planks, (2) parquet, (3) lamparquet, and (4) external component of multilayer planks. Cork oak stems showed a moderate to small taper (mean 24 mm/m). Curviness varied between straight to significantly crooked stems (mean value 40 mm) Batch yields for the tested products ranged 25–43% and 37–50% for 0.5 m logs of young and mature trees, respectively; for 1 m logs, batch yields ranged 19–41% and 25–54%. When using the whole stem, batch yields were lower, ranging 11–38% and 15–50%. Higher yields were obtained for all log lengths and samples for production of lamparquet, parquet, and multilayer component. 相似文献