充分利用呼和浩特市地下水库加强旱涝洪碱综合治理

本文根据呼和浩特市所处得天独厚的自然地理条件以及对呼市地下水资料的分析结果，提出应充分利用地下水库多年调节作用，达到对旱涝洪碱等自然灾害的综合治理。     

2017—2020年贵州省羊小反刍兽疫监测

为了解贵州省羊小反刍兽疫(peste des petits ruminants,PPR)的免疫及病原感染情况,2017—2020年,在全省累计采集2 148个场点的85 145份血清学样品,487个场点的24 777份病原学样品,分别进行PPR免疫抗体和病毒核酸检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示:2017—2020年贵州省PPR平均个体免疫合格率为85.28%,群体合格率为90.18%,个体和群体免疫合格率均呈逐年上升趋势;不同场点、不同区域的个体免疫合格率略有差别,但均达到了农业农村部要求的70%以上的标准;仅2017年在安顺市一商品代养殖场检出病原阳性样品,其他年份和区域均未检出。结果表明,贵州省PPR免疫及防疫效果较好,疫病发生风险较低,为退出PPR强制免疫,实现消灭计划目标奠定了基础。但应继续加强PPR强制免疫、监测,加大羊群调运监管力度,全面提升PPR防控能力。     

基于交流“四端法”的土壤电导率在线实时检测系统

设计了一种土壤电导率在线实时检测系统,给出了交流"四端法"测量土壤电导率的全套设计方案,完成了信号源、交流恒流源、探针结构、传感器信号调理电路以及采集系统的设计,与直流"四端法"土壤电导率传感器相比,交流"四端法"测量土壤电导率方法具有更佳的检测性能。通过与国外同类产品对比研究,本测试系统性能达到了国外同类产品水平,具有更高的性价比。以北京地区土壤为测试样本,本系统检测量程:0~1 520μS/cm,检测误差:-2.2%~2.4%,动态响应时间:544 ms,测量带宽:1 MHz,满足土壤电导率实时在线测量的要求。     

Environmental conditions during vegetative growth determine the major proteins that accumulate in mature grapes

Despite recent reports in the literature that chitinases comprise approximately 50% of the soluble proteins present in mature Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Moscatel) grapes, with the other major proteins being thaumatin-like proteins, a careful inspection of the published data reveals inconsistencies as to which proteins actually accumulate in mature grapes. Mature Moscatel grapes were harvested in the same vineyard in two consecutive years, 1999 and 2000. The grapes exhibited widely distinct polypeptide patterns when analyzed by either FPLC cation exchange chromatography or two-dimensional electrophoresis: whrereas the 2000 grapes possessed a much higher protein content (1.96 versus 1.11 mg g(-)(1) of fresh weight), the 1999 grapes contained a greater heterogeneity of polypeptides. In addition, highly specific antibodies that recognize the pathogenesis-related proteins present in the grapes demonstrated that the 2000 harvest grapes had a wider variety of pathogenesis-related polypeptides. N-Terminal sequencing of the major polypeptides revealed differences in the relative abundance and amino acid sequence of thaumatin-like and osmotin-like polypeptides present in the 1999 and 2000 harvest Moscatel grapes and did not detect the presence of chitinase. As a whole, the data indicate that the expression and accumulation of the major proteins in grapes is essentially determined by the environmental and/or pathological conditions prevailing during grape development and maturation. The potential physiological and technological implications are discussed. The results of the present work suggest that it is not possible to base varietal differentiation of grapes on the profile of the pathogenesis-related polypeptides present in the mature berries.     

Synthesis of o,p-EDDHA and its detection as the main impurity in o,o-EDDHA commercial iron chelates

Ethylenediamine-N,N'bis(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (o,o-EDDHA) is one of the most efficient iron chelates employed to relieve iron chlorosis in plants. However, the presence of positional isomers of EDDHA in commercial iron chelates has been recently demonstrated, and among them, it has been claimed that ethylenediamine-N(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) is the main impurity present in EDDHA fertilizers. Here we report the preparation of o,p-EDDHA, a compound whose synthesis had not been previously reported. The synthetic o,p-EDDHA is able to form ferric complexes, and it has been used as a standard in the analysis of the impurities of commercial iron fertilizers. The presence of o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) in commercial samples has been unambiguously demonstrated by HPLC.     

百合农杆菌介导的遗传转化受体系统的建立

以麝香百合"素雅"(white-Elegance)作为供试材料建立了百合农杆菌介导的受体系统。鳞茎片的诱导分化以MS培养基中添加0.5mg/L6-BA 0.2mg/LNAA为最好;再生苗鳞茎片的不定芽分化以MS培养基中添加1.0mg/L6-BA 0.2mg/LNAA为最好;再生苗小叶柄的诱导以MS培养基中添加1mg/LNAA为佳。确定了再生苗不同部位适宜的抗生素筛选浓度,卡那霉素的筛选浓度小鳞茎块确定为125mg/L,而小叶柄确定为75mg/L;头孢霉素抑菌浓度确定为250mg/L。     

Identification of fish species after cooking by SDS-PAGE and urea IEF: a collaborative study

A collaborative study, to validate the use of SDS-PAGE and urea IEF, for the identification of fish species after cooking has been performed by nine laboratories. By following optimized standard operation procedures, 10 commercially important species (Atlantic salmon, sea trout, rainbow trout, turbot, Alaska pollock, pollack, pink salmon, Arctic char, chum salmon, and New Zealand hake) had to be identified by comparison with 22 reference samples. Some differences in the recoveries of proteins from cooked fish flesh were noted between the urea and the SDS extraction procedures used. Generally, the urea extraction procedure appears to be less efficient than the SDS extraction for protein solubilization. Except for some species belonging to the Salmonidae family (Salmo, Oncorhynchus), both of the analytical techniques tested (urea IEF, SDS-PAGE) enabled identification of the species of the samples to be established. With urea IEF, two laboratories could not differentiate Salmo salar from Salmo trutta. The same difficulties were noted for differentiation between Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Oncorhynchus keta samples. With SDS-PAGE, three laboratories had some difficulties in identifying the S. trutta samples. However, in the contrast with the previous technique, SDS-PAGE allows the characterization of most of the Oncorhynchus species tested. Only Oncorhynchus mykiss was not clearly recognized by one laboratory. Therefore, SDS-PAGE (Excel gel homogeneous 15%) appears to be better for the identification, after cooking, of fish such as the tuna and salmon species which are characterized by neutral and basic protein bands, and urea IEF (CleanGel) is better for the gadoid species, which are characterized by acid protein bands (parvalbumins). Nevertheless, in contentious cases it is preferable to use both analytical methods.     

湖南省一起H5N1高致病性禽流感疫情的初步调查及应急处置

2020年1月,湖南省发生一起鸡H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感疫情。疫情发生后,当地政府及时开展了区划、封锁、扑杀、消毒和紧急免疫等处置工作。同时,为掌握疫情发生情况,分析疫情发生原因,通过现场调查、实验室检测等方式,邵阳市动物疾病预防控制中心联合相关部门对该起疫情进行了流行病学调查。由于采取的应急处置措施及时得当,疫情得到有效控制,未发生扩散。调查分析认为:养殖户将未售完的100多羽鸡从家禽交易市场运回养殖场饲养,可能是导致疫情暴发的主要原因;也不排除因该场生物安全条件较差,通过其他途径传入的可能。建议进一步加强家禽市场管理,做好防疫物资储备;加强宣传培训,提高基层人员的技术水平,增强养殖户的生物安全意识,有效防范疫情发生。     

Genetic variation and demographic contraction of the remnant populations of Mexican Caribbean pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus caribaea</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">hondurensis</Emphasis>: Pinaceae)

• Introduction   

The recognition of endangered species takes into account geographic isolation and small size of populations, as is the case of two populations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis distributed in México.     

Saharan dust and the atmospheric inputs of elements and alkalinity to mediterranean ecosystems

Saharan dust delivered by so-called ‘red rains’ strongly influences precipitation chemistry in the Mediterranean region. We show here that at rural sites in eastern Spain, red rains have much higher ion concentrations than non-red rains, and they account for up to 50% of the mean annual input of dissolved elements in bulk precipitation, though they make up only a minor part of the annual rainfall. The mean annual input of alkalinity in red rains is enough to neutralize the input of free acidity in acidic precipitation. Transport of Saharan dust is thus a major ecological force in Mediterranean ecosystems through its effects on the acid neutralizing capacity of the atmosphere and the atmospheric deposition of elements.