Xylanase and xylo- oligosaccharide prebiotic improve the growth performance and concentration of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in the ileum of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing broiler diets with xylanase or xylo- oligosaccharide (XOS) on growth performance, the concentration of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysis products in the ileum and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caeca of broiler chickens.

2. In total, 500 male Ross 308 broilers were used in this 29-day (d) study. The treatments were organised into a 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial arrangement consisting of two additives (xylanase or XOS) at two levels (low or high) plus a control treatment with no additives. This gave five treatments with 100 birds in each treatment group. The diets were slightly deficient in protein by 20 g/kg and energy by 1 MJ/kg.

3. On d 14 and 28, two birds per pen were euthanised, the caeca content collected and analysed for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. On d 29, six birds per pen were euthanised and ileal digesta were collected and analysed for the concentration of NSP fractions.

4. On d 14, caecal acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, n-valeric acid and total SCFA concentrations were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) when diets were supplemented with XOS compared with xylanase.

5. Ileal concentration of arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid (GlucA2) were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the insoluble NSP fraction when diets were supplemented with a high level of xylanase, compared with the control treatment. Ileal concentration of fructose was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the water soluble NSP when a high level of xylanase or low level of XOS were included in the diet compared with the control.

6. It was concluded that xylanase and XOS had similar effects on NSP concentration and SCFA in the caeca, although there was little effect on performance. This observation demonstrated further benefits of xylanase supplementation in wheat-based broiler diets beyond digesta viscosity reduction and the release of extra nutrients.     

Effect Comparison of Adenovirus Vector Transfer into Different Buffalo Cells

Buffalo mammary epithelial cell,cumulus cell and fibroblasts were transfected by adenovirus vectors and compared their transfection efficiency.293 cells were transfected with pBHGloxdelE13cre and pDC316-eGFP by liposome,the virus was collected and titer was detected.Buffalo mammary epithelial cell,cumulus cell and fibroblasts were exposed to different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of adenovirus vectors.After 72 h,the cells were observed with inverted fluorescence microscope,and transfection efficiency was calculated.When the MOI was 25,50,100,200 and 400,the transfection efficiency of fibroblasts were 0.7%,7.0%,9.0%,12.5% and 34.0%,the transfection efficiency of cumulus cells were 42.5%,55.3%,57.4%,76.0% and 80.0%,the transfection efficiency of mammary epithelial cells were 88.7%,100%,100%,100% and 100%.The results showed that the transfection efficiency of mammary epithelial cell was the best,followed by cumulus cell,and fibroblast was poor.     

氟唑菌苯胺原药高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈+磷酸溶液为流动相,使用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,在240nm波长下对试样进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数为1.000 0,标准偏差为0.15,变异系数为0.15%,平均回收率为100.04%。     

不同营养条件对羊肚菌菌核形成的影响

菌核形成与羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)子实体的形成有密切的关系。以PDA培养基为基础培养基,通过添加其他物质培养羊肚菌菌丝,观察菌核生长情况,从而初步判断其形成菌核的培养基限定条件。结果表明,碳源营养添加物为淀粉和乳糖,浓度为10 g·L^-1;氮源添加物为NH4HCO3、KNO3和甘氨酸,浓度为250 mg·L^-1;添加KH2PO4,浓度为1 g·L^-1,均能较好地促进羊肚菌菌核的形成。     

比利时野猪非洲猪瘟防控

2018年9月,比利时公共健康研究院(国家非洲猪瘟参考实验室)确认在瓦隆地区发现野猪感染非洲猪瘟病毒,毒株与2007年欧洲首例非洲猪瘟病毒株非常相似。欧盟和比利时通过采取卓有成效的控制措施,截至目前未发生家猪感染病例。主要防控经验:一是出台法规,组建非洲猪瘟政策委员会,及时评估和措施调整;二是根据OIE的原则要求建立管控区,借助人工屏障和自然屏障,防止感染野猪跨区域移动;三是完善养殖企业生物安全管理制度,防止野猪和家猪的接触,并通过SANITEL系统对境内的所有家猪开展标识追溯,防止高风险地区家猪的非法移动;四是做好宣传,使兽医、养殖户、狩猎者了解非洲猪瘟相关认知,确保防控义务落实到人。     

《农业行政处罚程序规定》修订要点解读

《农业行政处罚程序规定》修订坚持以规范农业行政执法程序、保护管理相对人合法权益为落脚点,进一步规范了农业行政处罚程序,统一了农业行政处罚的实施主体,完善了农业行政处罚案件地域管辖、立案管辖、移送管辖、直接管辖、指定管辖的规则以及管辖权争议解决途径,明确了电子商务平台、自建网站、通过其他网络服务销售商品或提供服务的电子商务经营者的农业违法行为,以及电子商务平台内经营者的农业违法行为的管辖规则,增加了农业行政处罚案件的立案条件、立案期限和撤销案件、中止调查的适用情形,细化了九种主要证据种类及其调查取证规则,以及全面推行了行政执法"三项制度"。新版《规定》将是农业综合执法改革和发展过程中指导我国农业行政处罚权威的纲领性文件。     

一起饲料未落实留样观察制度案的查处

2019年7月,A市农业综合执法支队执法人员在执法检查中发现,×宠物饲料有限公司涉嫌未落实留样观察制度而从事饲料生产。经立案调查,认定当事人违法事实存在,证据确凿。根据《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》规定,依法给予了行政处罚。本文重点介绍了案件的发生、查处经过、法律适用及处理情况等执法内容,讨论了饲料留样目的和意义、调查取证注意事项、违法物品的处理以及责令改正的正确适用等问题,指出了办理此类案件时的取证依据、处罚前置条件,以期为行政执法人员办理同类案件提供参考。     

提高二倍体马铃薯原始栽培种原生质体分离与分裂频率的研究

为获得较高的原生质体分离和分裂频率,试验以马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种‘47-33’‘5-19’试管苗叶片为材料,进行了原生质体游离和培养的研究.结果表明:培养21d的两品系试管苗叶片均在含有2.0%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶+0.25%离析酶,渗透压为0.35mol/L的酶解液中解离效果最好,原生质体产量分别为2.31×106个/gFW和2.52×106个/gFW;在28℃酶解温度条件下缓慢摇动14h或1h静置+13h缓慢摇动的,可促进叶片原生质体的大量释放.此外,1.0mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.4mg/L BAP外源激素组合有利于叶片原生质体的分裂,‘47-33’‘5-19’原生质体一次分裂频率分别达到8.85%和12.56%.在0.35mol/L渗透压的液体培养基中,‘47-33’叶片原生质体分裂更早,分裂频率达13.85%.研究获得了稳定的原生质体分离体系以及较好的原生质体培养条件,为马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种的体细胞融合奠定了基础.     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.