水分胁迫对幼龄仁用杏叶片光合特性的影响

以2年生仁用杏为试材,采用盆栽方法,以正常供水(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的75%)为对照,设置了轻度水分胁迫(55%)、中度水分胁迫(45%)和重度水分胁迫(30%)3个处理,开展了水分胁迫条件下仁用杏叶片光合色素、光合指标及叶绿素荧光参数等光合特性研究。结果表明:水分胁迫不同程度降低了类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a、b含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性,且下降幅度随着胁迫时间延长而增大;轻度水分胁迫下降幅度很小,中度和重度水分胁迫下降幅度较大。     

十种野生地被植物的光合特性研究

以东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis)、斑叶堇菜(Viola variegata)、匍枝委陵菜(Potentilla flagellaris)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)、野罂粟(Papaver nudicaule)、蓝花棘豆(Oxytropis coerulea)、求米草(Oplismenus undulatifolius)、大叶铁线莲(Clematis heracleifolia)、歪头菜(Vicia unijuga)、秃疮花(Dicranostigma leptopodum)等10种野生地被植物为试材,利用LI-6400光合仪研究了净光合速率日变化以及对光合有效辐射和二氧化碳的响应。结果表明:东方草莓及秃疮花的光合速率日变化为单峰曲线;野罂粟、斑叶堇菜、东方草莓、匍枝委陵菜、鹅绒委陵菜、蓝花棘豆、求米草、大叶铁线莲等8种植物光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,出现明显的"午休"现象;求米草的光补偿点(LCP)和二氧化碳补偿点(CCP)最低,分别为(9.64±0.525)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和(67.72±4.567)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),是典型的阴生植物;蓝花棘豆的LCP最高,为(74.21±1.065)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),秃疮花的CCP最高,为(107.94±9.345)μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),2种植物表现出较强的喜阳性。     

利用香菇菌糠栽培罗勒初探

以香菇菌糠为试材,采用不同比例的香菇菌糠和花园土、砂土的混合基质种植罗勒,测定其发芽率、形态指标以及生理指标,研究了香菇菌糠对罗勒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:适宜种植罗勒的菌糠配方为花园土、菌糠、砂子=6∶1∶1;不同比例的菌糠配方对罗勒的发芽率有一定影响,随着菌糠比例的不断增加,罗勒的发芽率也不断提高,发芽时间也随菌糠的增加有一定缩短;该试验为菌糠的循环利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

外源乙烯和1-甲基环丙烯处理对采后胡萝卜品质的影响

以胡萝卜为试材,采用乙烯及乙烯受体抑制剂(1-甲基环丙烯)处理,通过对贮藏60d后胡萝卜的品质劣变率(长须根率、腐烂指数、出薹率)、外观指数、可溶性糖含量及多酚氧化酶活性进行测定,研究了1-MCP对胡萝卜采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:1-MCP结合手洗贮藏可抑制胡萝卜贮藏期间的品质劣变率、抑制可溶性糖含量的损失、保持较高的外观指数及抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性。手洗后贮藏则可有效改善胡萝卜贮藏期间的表皮褐变问题。     

土壤熏蒸剂棉隆防治土传病害研究进展及未来发展趋势

棉隆对病原细菌、真菌、根结线虫及杂草均有较高防效,而且作为固体微颗粒剂具有使用简单、安全的特性,被广泛用于作物种植前熏蒸土壤以防治土传病虫害。施用过程中,土壤环境因素（包括土壤类型、土壤温湿度、土壤有机质及pH等）、施药方式、施药季节和施药剂量均会对棉隆的熏蒸效果产生显著影响,不正确的使用方式常会导致熏蒸效果不理想或产生药害问题。该文系统综述土壤熏蒸剂棉隆的使用概况（包括作用机制、适用作物、施用方式和施用效果等）、存在的问题及原因分析（包括施用深度、水分、温度对棉隆有效成分含量的影响及其熏蒸对土壤微生物群落结构的影响等）、解决对策（包括改善施药方式、优化土壤环境和活化熏蒸后土壤微生物等）以及未来发展趋势,以期为棉隆的高效应用提供借鉴。     

吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留与膳食风险评估

为评价马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留引发的膳食风险。2016年-2018年开展了3年12地规范残留试验,构建吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的残留检测方法,并对我国一般人群进行了膳食风险评估。马铃薯样品使用2%乙酸乙腈提取,C18净化,外标法定量,UPLC-MS/MS检测。在0.01～1 mg/kg添加水平下,吡蚜酮在马铃薯中的平均回收率为75%～85%,相对标准偏差为3%～8%。12地最终残留试验表明,50%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂按有效成分225 g/hm²施药2次,最后1次施药后14、21 d马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留量分别≤0.018 mg/kg和≤0.012 mg/kg。膳食风险评估表明,吡蚜酮的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为1.633 9 mg/kg,风险商(RQ)为86.4%。马铃薯中吡蚜酮残留不会对一般人群健康造成不可接受的风险。     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

磷肥对甘肃临夏地区燕麦干草及种子生产的影响

为确定甘肃高寒雨养区燕麦(Avena sativa)种子生产中磷肥最佳用量,提高肥料利用效率,试验在氮肥(尿素)用量75 kg·hm^-2的固定水平下,设计4个磷肥(P₂O₅)水平(0(CK),65(C₁),100(C₂),135(C₃)kg·hm^-2),对各磷肥水平下干草产量、种子产量和相关性状的变化进行了研究。结果表明：施用磷肥使燕麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖和干草产量均有提高,灌浆期C₁,C₂,C₃干草产量较CK依次提高13.85%,25.96%,22.65%,干草产量与磷肥水平显著正相关(相关系数0.91);施用磷肥提高了燕麦的有效分蘖数、主穗长,显著提高主穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、种子产量和秸秆产量,C₁,C₂,C₃种子产量较CK依次提高12.37%,16.72%,14.38%,种子产量与磷肥水平显著正相关...     

陆地棉品种间杂种苏杂16棉铃发育动态研究

棉铃发育过程中，苏杂１６单铃子棉主的提高表现为二个方面：一是纤维干重的增加，１９９１～１９９２两年平均增加１０．０％；二是种子重量的提高，两年平均单铃种仁重增加９．４％。单铃纤维干重的增长与棉铃对位叶大小呈正相关关系，与棉铃对位叶中全Ｎ含量呈负相关关系．该杂文组合在棉铃发育过程中表现了较强的“源”“库”生理优势，光合产物积累多，营养物质运转快是该组合获得高产的重要生理基础。     

Pd Pattern Recognition Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis in GIS

According to the character of PD in GIS, the authors design four kinds of GIS defection models. The GIS gray intensity images are constructed based on mass specimens gathered by the ultra - high frequency and high speeds systems, Aiming at the PD characteristics and its defections, A PCA-FDA method is put forward based on PD images. The principal component analysis is employed to condense the dimension of PD images, then the optimal sets of statistically uncorrelated discriminant vectors are extracted, and the minimum distance classifier is constructed as classifier. The identified results show that this method can effectively elevated the discrimination of the four kinds of defects in GIS PD.