不同类型玉米品种分蘖发生过程中内源激素的作用

【目的】研究不同类型玉米品种分蘖发生与衰亡过程中内源激素的变化,探讨内源激素对玉米分蘖的调控作用。【方法】选用不同分蘖能力的玉米品种为试验材料,在调查研究分蘖发生规律的基础上,于分蘖高发期与消亡期测定基部茎节和功能叶中内源激素的含量。【结果】不同类型玉米品种的分蘖能力受基部茎节中激素含量及其之间比值的控制,分蘖高发阶段,基部茎节和功能叶中玉米素核苷（ZR）值较高或呈升高趋势,生长素（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）值较低或呈降低趋势;激素之间平衡状态对分蘖的影响表现为,在分蘖高发阶段,IAA/ZR、ABA/ZR值较低,分蘖停止发生时其值较高。不同玉米类型之间,分蘖高发阶段,分蘖能力最强的墨西哥玉米（MXG）的ZR值较高,IAA、ABA、GA值较低,IAA/ZR、ABA/ZR较低。【结论】ZR促进分蘖发生,IAA、ABA和GA抑制分蘖发生,促进分蘖衰亡。分蘖的发生,还由激素间的平衡状态决定,更重要的是以互作的方式影响分蘖发生,即低IAA/ZR、ABA/ZR值促进分蘖发生;高IAA/ZR、高ABA/ZR值则抑制分蘖的发生,促进分蘖的衰亡。     

基于生态足迹的丽水市区域生态安全演变特征

运用生态足迹方法探寻城市生态安全的演变特征,分析了2000-2008年丽水市快速发展时期生态足迹的构成及其动态演变规律.结果表明:2000年以来丽水市人均生态足迹呈现持续升高的态势,从0.884 hm2增至1.511 hm2,年均增幅为6.96%;人均生态承载力较为稳定,年变化率低于0.69%;2008年生态足迹多样性为0.974,生态经济发展能力为1.465 hm2,分别是2000年的1.50倍和2.56倍.说明城市化发展影响了丽水的经济结构和消费结构,不断提升的居民消费水平已经成为生态压力的主体.适度控制资源开采规模,重视生态保护和建设,进一步优化产业结构以及开发利用可再生能源是目前该类城市缓解区域生态压力的主要发展策略.     

水稻叶绿素敏感波段选择方法的研究

利用典型相关分析方法分析了不同生育期叶绿素含量与各波段光谱特征的相关系数,结果表明,除分蘖期与叶绿素b含量相关性不显著外,各生育期在430-700 nm叶绿素含量与各波段光谱特征均达到显著相关。利用主成分分析方法对其分析的结果显示,第一主成分主要包含了510-520、520-530、530-540、540-550、550-560、570-580 nm几个可见光波段的信息,第二主成分主要包含了760-770、750-760、740-750、730-740 nm近红外波段的信息。利用典型相关分析和主成分分析对水稻叶片叶绿素进行分析得出的敏感波段范围基本一致。     

不同品种膜下滴灌棉花水氮效应对其产量的影响

[目的]研究不同水、氮用量对不同棉花品种籽棉产量的影响及其差异.[方法]采用三因素完全随机区组设计,三因素指品种(V)、氮(N)和水(W).[结果]随着氮肥用量和灌水量的增加,2个棉花品种籽棉产量均显著增加,但过大的灌水量会使产量有所下降,各处理中产量最大值出现在N2W2处理(N2:360 kg/hm2;W2:4 500 m3/hm2);品种间籽棉产量标杂A1显著高于新陆早33号,在低水低氮和高水低氮处理(N1W1、N1W3)2品种籽棉产量差异不显著,其他各处理品种间籽棉产量都达到显著差异水平.[结论]针对不同棉花品种采用适宜的水肥调控措施,能够显著提高产量和水肥的利用效率.     

芦丁对奶牛泌乳性能和血清指标的影响

 【目的】研究了芦丁对奶牛产奶量、血清、泌乳相关激素等指标的影响,旨在寻找合适的添加量,为应用芦丁提高中国奶牛泌乳性能提供数据参考。【方法】选用生理状态等相近的泌乳高峰期经产中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,随机分成4组,每组5头。分别在基础日粮中每日每头添加芦丁0.0(对照组)、1.5、3.0、4.5mg?kg-1。试验期11周,其中预饲期1周,正试期10周。隔日记录试验牛的产奶量,并于试验第5、35、65日采集乳样进行乳成分分析,同日尾静脉抽取血液样品,根据产奶量的检测结果,选择效果最好组及对照组测定其血清生化指标、免疫指标及泌乳相关激素含量等。【结果】(1)与对照组相比,3.0mg?kg-1与4.5mg?kg-1芦丁处理组都显著提高了奶牛的产奶量(P＜0.05),而1.5 mg?kg-1芦丁处理组与对照组奶牛产奶量差异不显著(P>0.05);1.5 mg?kg-1芦丁处理和3.0 mg?kg-1处理乳脂率低于对照组(P＜0.05),4.5mg?kg-1芦丁处理乳脂率同对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),各处理组间牛乳乳蛋白、乳糖、非脂固形物差异不显著(P＞0.05)(2)3.0mg?kg-1处理组血清溶菌酶含量高于对照组(P＜0.05),尿素氮水平第35、65日检测结果低于第5日检测结果(P＜0.05);该处理组奶牛血清谷丙转氨酶由第5日的22.88(IU?L-1)提高到第65日的25.38(IU?L-1),催乳素含量则由12.19ng?mL-1上升到13.94ng?mL-1,提高了14.36%;(3)3.0mg?kg-1处理组血清指标中,免疫球蛋白IgG、总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、皮质醇、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶含量与对照组比较差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清中雌激素、孕激素的水平同对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05),但孕激素水平呈现上升趋势。【结论】芦丁能够提高奶牛泌乳性能,同时保持奶品质,降低奶牛血清中尿素氮的水平,提高溶菌酶的含量。在本试验条件下,芦丁适宜添加量为3.0 mg?kg-1。     

A remote irrigation monitoring and control system (RIMCS) for continuous move systems. Part B: field testing and results

Precision irrigation systems can have inherent errors that affect the accuracy of variable water application rates controllers, as well as affect the controllers’ performance when evaluated on different continuous move irrigation systems configurations. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a remote irrigation monitoring and control system (RIMCS) installed on two separate linear move (LM) irrigation systems. The RIMCS varies water application rates by pulsing nozzles controlled by solenoids connected via relays to a single board computer (SBC) with wireless Ethernet connection to a remote server. The system also monitors irrigation system flow, pressure, position and wireless field sensor networks. The system was installed on a LM irrigation system in Prosser, Washington, USA and on a LM in the Nesson Valley of North Dakota, USA. For the LM at Prosser, four pre-defined irrigation patterns were imposed and variable rates were applied as a percentage of the nozzle base application rate. Each nozzle was pulsed across the span length and along the LM travel direction. For the LM at the Nesson Valley, a quadratic pattern was imposed pulsing banks of nozzles along the LM travel direction. Standard catch can tests were performed and the system performance was evaluated by comparing measured catch can water depths with pre-determined target values. The RIMCS accuracy was found to be in the range of the LM uniform water depth application uniformity coefficients of 88–96%. The RIMCS was successfully transferred to another LM in North Dakota as indicated by the relatively low variable rate application errors of –8.8 ± 8.1% and −0.14 ± 6.7% for the two spans.     

主成分和聚类分析在烤烟化学品质分类评价中的应用

为了对烤烟化学品质进行科学分类评价,应用SPSS软件对39个烤烟样本的10项化学指标进行主成分分析,按累积贡献率提取4个主成分,求得4个主成分的综合得分,并对综合得分进行系统聚类,将39个烟叶样本分为4类。结果表明:第1类综合化学品质最好,其综合得分≥80.08;第2类综合化学品质较好,其综合得分≥13.28;第3类综合化学品质较差,其综合得分≥-28.45;第4类综合化学品质最差,其综合得分≥-85.65。该结果与指数和法相比,总体表现一致,表明主成分分析及聚类分析方法在烤烟化学品质分类评价中可行。     

A user-centric approach for information modelling in arable farming

Agriculture and farmers face a great challenge in effectively manage information both internally and externally in order to improve the economic and operational efficiency of operations, reduce environmental impact and comply with various documentation requirements. As a part of meeting this challenge, the flow of information between decisions processes defined as realizing a decision must be analyzed and modelled as a prerequisite for the subsequent design, construction and implementation of information systems.This paper defines the actors, their role and communication specifics associated with the various decision and control processes in farmers’ information management. Core-task analysis and core task demands from earlier research are utilised as premises for the modelling of information flow from the farmers’ point of view. A user-friendly generic FMIS design reference model is the primary objective for the study in which planning, execution and evaluation measures have been incorporated.A user-centric approach to model the information flows for targeted field operations is presented. The information models are centred around the farmer as the principal decision maker and involves external entities as well as mobile unit entities as the main information producers. This is a detailed approach to information modelling that will enable the generation of a Farm Management Information System in crop production.     

Essential regulation of CNS angiogenesis by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR124

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR124/tumor endothelial marker 5 is highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) endothelium. Here, we show that complete null or endothelial-specific GPR124 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality from CNS-specific angiogenesis arrest in forebrain and neural tube. Conversely, GPR124 overexpression throughout all adult vascular beds produced CNS-specific hyperproliferative vascular malformations. In vivo, GPR124 functioned cell-autonomously in endothelium to regulate sprouting, migration, and developmental expression of the blood-brain barrier marker Glut1, whereas in vitro, GPR124 mediated Cdc42-dependent directional migration to forebrain-derived, vascular endothelial growth factor-independent cues. Our results demonstrate CNS-specific angiogenesis regulation by an endothelial receptor and illuminate functions of the poorly understood adhesion GPCR subfamily. Further, the functional tropism of GPR124 marks this receptor as a therapeutic target for CNS-related vascular pathologies.