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61.
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziessi [Mirb.] Franco) seedlings from a half diallel mating design showed significant family by nutrient interactions when grown
in a 3N × 3P × 15 family factorial experiment for 2 yr. Differences in response of these families to N and P treatment levels
were related to nutrient productivity (dry matter production nutrient−1 time−1), but unrelated to the proportion of dry matter allocated to root growth, or to nutrient net uptake rate. Significance of
general combining ability for N and K productivity showed clonal control of these characters. Evidence for genetic control
of tissue N% and K%, shoot:root ratio and N uptake rate were also shown. 相似文献
62.
T. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh J. Rothuizen H. M. S. van Zinnicq Bergman 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):240-245
Summary In seven dogs presented with clinical signs and laboratory data suggestive of extrahepatic cholestasis, destructive cholangiolitis was diagnosed. The diagnosis was based on the absence of extrahepatic cholestasis at laparoscopy, laparotomy and/or post‐mortem examination, and the presence of specific liver lesions i.e. loss of bile ducts in the smaller portal areas. The disease is compared with drug‐induced (chlorpromazine) cholestasis in man. In two dogs clinical signs were preceded by longstanding respectively repeated sulphonamide medication. 相似文献
63.
Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
64.
Stephen B Hussey Rodney Clark Katharine F Lunn Cormac Breathnach Gisela Soboll J Millar Whalley D Paul Lunn 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):335-342
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection is common in young horses throughout the world, resulting in respiratory disease, epidemic abortion, sporadic myelitis, or latent infections. To improve on conventional diagnostic tests for EHV-1, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed, using primers and probes specific for the EHV-1 gB gene. Amplification efficiencies of 100% +/- 5% were obtained for DNA isolated from a plasmid, infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and nasal secretions from infected ponies. The dynamic range of the assay was 8 log10 dilutions, and the lower limit of detection was 6 DNA copies. Fifteen ponies, seronegative for EHV-1, were experimentally infected with EHV-1, and nasal samples were used to quantify shedding of virus by both virus isolation and real-time PCR analysis. Virus isolation identified nasal shedding of EHV-1 in 12/15 ponies on a total of 25 days; real-time PCR detected viral shedding in 15/15 ponies on 75 days. Viremia was quantified using PBMC DNA, subsequent to challenge infection in 3 additional ponies. Viremia was identified in 1/3 ponies on a single day by virus isolation; real-time PCR detected viremia in 3/3 ponies on 17 days. When real-time PCR was used to analyze PBMC DNA from 11 latently infected ponies (documented by nested PCR), EHV-1 was not detected. We conclude that real-time PCR is a sensitive and quantitative test for EHV-1 nasal shedding and viremia and provides a valuable tool for EHV-1 surveillance, diagnosis of clinical disease, and investigation of vaccine efficacy. 相似文献
65.
Anthropogenic influences on potential fire spread in a pyrogenic ecosystem of Florida, USA 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Fire has historically been an important ecological factor maintaining southeastern U.S. vegetation. Humans have altered natural
fire regimes by fragmenting fuels, introducing exotic species, and suppressing fires. Little is known about how these alterations
specifically affect spatial fire extent and pattern. We applied historic (1920 and 1943) and current (1990) GIS fuels maps
and the FARSITE fire spread model to quantify the differences between historic and current fire spread distributions. We held
all fire modeling variables (wind speed and direction, cloud cover, precipitation, humidity, air temperature, fuel moistures,
ignition source and location) constant with exception of the fuel models representing different time periods. Model simulations
suggest that fires during the early 1900's burned freely across the landscape, while current fires are much smaller, restricted
by anthropogenic influences. Fire extent declined linearly with patch density, and there was a quadratic relationship between
fire extent and percent landscape covered by anthropogenic features. We found that as little as 10 percent anthropogenic landcover
caused a 50 percent decline in fire extent. Most landscapes (conservation or non-conservation areas) are now influenced by
anthropogenic features which disrupt spatial fire behavior disproportionately to their actual size. These results suggest
that land managers using fire to restore or maintain natural ecosystem function in pyrogenic systems will have to compensate
for anthropogenic influences in their burn planning.
This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
66.
Pedro ?M.?DominguesEmail author Paul?F. ?Dimarco Jose? P.?Andrade Phillip?G.?Lee 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(5):423-440
The effects of artificial diets on growth and body condition of adult cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis were tested in two experiments. Supplemented prepared diets (fish myofibrillar protein concentrate) were fed during a 30-day and a 21-day experiments. Growth, feeding rate and food conversion of group-reared cuttlefish were analyzed. The first of these experiments tested four artificial diets, made with increasing levels of lysine, on adult cuttlefish. According to the chemical analysis, diets 1–3 had limiting concentrations of lysine and other essential amino acids (compared to mantle composition of the cuttlefish), while diet 4 was the only one where almost all essential amino acids were present in concentrations similar or higher than the ones present in cuttlefish mantle. A second experiment was conducted by isolating 16 adult cuttlefish individually, and feeding them the same four artificial diets, in order to obtain individual data. During Experiment 1, only the diet with the best chemical score (diet 4) produced growth (p < 0.05), with a mean instantaneous growth rate (MIGR) of 0.30% wet body weight (BW) d−1. Similarly, individually reared cuttlefish fed diet 4 produced the highest IGR’s (0.26, 0.38 and 0.48% BW d−1) and grew larger (p < 0.01). Comparison of cuttlefish fed the artificial diets vs. thawed shrimp and unfed cuttlefish indicated that cuttlefish fed the artificial diets were in an intermediate state. Growth rates obtained with the artificial diets (<0.4% BW d−1) were considerably lower compared to natural prey, live or frozen, reported by other authors. 相似文献
67.
Schynts F van der Giessen J Tixhon S Pozio E Dorny P de Borchgrave J 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,135(2):191-194
Since 1992, when the European Union Council Directive requires that wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in EU for commercial purpose should be examined for Trichinella, the infection has not been detected in wild boars from Belgium, despite serological evidence of the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies in wildlife and previous reports of Trichinella larvae in this host species. In November 2004, Trichinella larvae were detected in a wild boar hunted near Mettet, Namur province (Southern Belgium). Larvae were identified as Trichinella britovi by polymerase chain reaction methods. This is the first report of the identification of Trichinella larvae from Belgium at the species level. The detection of T. britovi in wildlife in Belgium is consistent with findings of this parasite in other European countries and confirms the need to test game meat for Trichinella to prevent its transmission to humans. 相似文献
68.
Nicholas A Lyons Neal Alexander Katharina DC St?rk Thomas D Dulu Jonathan Rushton Paul EM Fine 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible viral infection of cloven hooved animals associated with severe economic losses when introduced into FMD-free countries. Information on the impact of the disease in FMDV-endemic countries is poorly characterised yet essential for the prioritisation of scarce resources for disease control programmes. A FMD (virus serotype SAT2) outbreak on a large-scale dairy farm in Nakuru County, Kenya provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of FMD on clinical mastitis and culling rate. A cohort approach followed animals over a 12-month period after the commencement of the outbreak. For culling, all animals were included; for mastitis, those over 18 months of age. FMD was recorded in 400/644 cattle over a 29-day period. During the follow-up period 76 animals were culled or died whilst in the over 18 month old cohort 63 developed clinical mastitis. Hazard ratios (HR) were generated using Cox regression accounting for non-proportional hazards by inclusion of time-varying effects. Univariable analysis showed FMD cases were culled sooner but there was no effect on clinical mastitis. After adjusting for possible confounders and inclusion of time-varying effects there was weak evidence to support an effect of FMD on culling (HR = 1.7, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.88-3.1, P = 0.12). For mastitis, there was stronger evidence of an increased rate in the first month after the onset of the outbreak (HR = 2.9, 95%CI 0.97-8.9, P = 0.057).
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0173-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献69.
Sandra Villagmez-Estrada Jos F Prez Sandra van Kuijk Diego Melo-Durn Asal Forouzandeh Francesc Gonzalez-Sol Matilde DAngelo Francisco J Prez-Cano David Sol-Oriol 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d postmating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) partial replacement trace mineral source (Replace): with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace mineral source (R&R): reducing a 50% of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: <800 g, and average: >1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared with their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like immunity and gut barrier, compared with those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets. 相似文献
70.
C. D. van Loon 《American Journal of Potato Research》1981,58(1):51-69
The effect of water stress on plant morphology, production rate and marketable yield is discussed based on the literature. Compared to other species the potato is a drought sensitive plant. The reduction of yield as a result of water stress can be caused by reduced leaf area and/or reduced photosynthesis per unit of leaf area. Water shortage during the tuber bulking period decreases yield to a larger extent than drought during other growth stages. The relationship between the stress parameters relative water content (RWC), leaf water potential (LWP) and stomatal diffusion resistance on the one hand and photosynthesis on the other is discussed. Further it is shown how the amount of water needed by the potato crop depends on climate, soil and plant characters. Finally the effect of water stress on marketable yield and varietal differences to shortage of moisture are discussed. 相似文献