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31.
Vassiliki Kati Pierre Devillers Marc Dufrêne Anastasios Legakis Despina Vokou Philippe Lebrun 《Biological conservation》2004,120(4):471-480
Reserve networks are a major tool of ecological management aiming at biodiversity conservation. Maximizing the number of species conserved with the minimum land sacrifice is a primary requirement in reserve design. In this study, we examine the efficiency of five different scenarios to conserve: (i) the biodiversity of one target group and (ii) the overall biodiversity of an area. The study was conducted in Dadia Reserve, in northern Greece. Six groups of species were selected to represent its biodiversity: woody plants, orchids, Orthoptera, aquatic and terrestrial herpetofauna, and small terrestrial birds. The scenarios examined represent different conservation approaches to select network sites. For each approach, the starting point was one of the above six groups of species, considered as the target group. In scenario A, which reflects the hotspot approach, the sites richest in species are selected. Scenario B selects the sites most complementary in terms of species richness. The next two scenarios use the principle of environmental representativeness, expressed in terms of habitat (scenario C) or vegetation (scenario D). Under scenario E, sites forming the network are selected at random. The rank of scenarios in terms of preserving the species of the target group was always B > A > C > D > E, irrespective of the group considered as target group. Their rank, when preservation of the total biodiversity was the issue, was B, A > C, D > E. 相似文献
32.
Charisiadis P Tsiafoulis CG Exarchou V Tzakos AG Gerothanassis IP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(18):4508-4513
A rapid and direct low micromolar 1H NMR method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of hydrogen peroxide and phenolic compounds in plant extracts was developed. The method is based on the highly deshielded 1H NMR signal of H?O? at ~10.30 ppm in DMSO-d? and the combined use of picric acid and low temperature, near the freezing point of the solution, in order to achieve the minimum proton exchange rate. Line widths of H?O? below 3.8 Hz were obtained for several Greek oregano extracts which resulted in a detection limit of 0.7 μmol L?1. Application of an array of NMR experiments, including 2D 1H-13C HMBC, spiking of the samples with H?O?, and variable temperature experiments, resulted in the unequivocal assignment of H?O? precluding any confusion with interferences from intrinsic phenolics in the extract. 相似文献
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34.
Valerie Chetboul Amandine Petit Vassiliki Gouni Emilie Trehiou-Sechi Charlotte Misbach David Balouka Carolina Carlos Sampedrano Jean-Louis Pouchelon Renaud Tissier Marie Abitbol 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(4):497-509
Objectives(1) To investigate heart morphology and function using echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), (2) to determine heart disease prevalence and characteristics, and (3) to assess potential genetic features in a population of Sphynx cats presented for cardiovascular screening.AnimalsA total of 147 echocardiographic examinations, including 33 follow-ups, were performed by trained observers on 114 Sphynx cats of different ages (2.62 ± 1.93 years [0.5–10.0]) from 2004 to 2011.MethodsSphynx cats underwent a physical examination, conventional echocardiography, and, if possible, two-dimensional color TDI.ResultsConventional echocardiographic findings included 75/114 normal (65.8%) and 39/114 (34.2%) abnormal examinations with a diagnosis of either congenital heart diseases (n = 16) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 23). In adult healthy cats, a significant body weight effect was observed for several echocardiographic variables, including end-diastolic left ventricular (LV) free wall (P < 0.01), interventricular septum (P < 0.001), and LV diameter (P < 0.001). Mitral valve dysplasia (MVD) was observed as a single or associated defect in 15/16 cats with congenital heart diseases. A significant increase in HCM prevalence (P < 0.001) was observed according to age. The pedigree analysis of a large family (n = 81) suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance for HCM.ConclusionsBody weight should be taken into account when interpreting values of diastolic myocardial wall thicknesses in Sphynx cats. Additionally, HCM and MVD are two relatively common heart diseases in this feline breed. More pedigree data are required to confirm the inheritance pattern of HCM at the breed level. 相似文献
35.
Thomas Soin Ellen De Geyter Hadi Mosallanejad Masatoshi Iga David Martín Shunsuke Ozaki Shigeki Kitsuda Toshiyuki Harada Hisashi Miyagawa Dimitra Stefanou Georgia Kotzia Rodica Efrose Vassiliki Labropoulou Danny Geelen Kostas Iatrou Yoshiaki Nakagawa Colin R Janssen Guy Smagghe Luc Swevers 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):526-535
BACKGROUND: Dibenzoylhydrazine analogues have been developed successfully as a new group of insect growth regulators, called ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds. A notable feature is their high activity against lepidopteran insects, raising the question as to whether species‐specific analogues can be isolated. In this study, the specificity of ecdysone agonists was addressed through a comparative analysis in two important lepidopterans, the silkworm Bombyx mori L. and the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). RESULTS: When collections of non‐steroidal ecdysone agonists containing different mother structures (dibenzoylhydrazine, acylaminoketone, tetrahydroquinoline) were tested, in vitro reporter assays showed minor differences using cell lines derived from both species. However, when compounds with high ecdysone agonist activity were examined in toxicity assays, larvicidal activity differed considerably. Of note was the identification of three dibenzoylhydrazine analogues with > 100‐fold higher activity against Bombyx than against Spodoptera larvae. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that species‐specific ecdysone‐agonist‐based insecticides can be developed, but their species specificity is not based on differences in the activation of the ecdysone receptor but rather on unidentified in vivo parameters such as permeability of the cuticle, uptake/excretion by the gut or metabolic detoxification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
36.
Valavanidis A Nisiotou C Papageorgiou Y Kremli I Satravelas N Zinieris N Zygalaki H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(8):2358-2365
The antioxidant activity (IC(50)) of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), commercial olive oil, and other vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower, and corn oil) was determined by UV-vis and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Also, we studied the antioxidant activity of the methanol soluble phase (methanolic, MF) and the nonsoluble phase (lipidic, LF) of oils by the same methods. Similarly, we studied the effect of heating on the antioxidant activity at 160 and 190 degrees C. Also, the MF, containing the polyphenolic substances, was used for measurements of the radical scavenging capacity toward the most important oxygen free radicals, superoxide anion (O(2)(*)(-)) and hydroxyl (HO(*)) radicals. Results showed that soybean oil and EVOO had the highest antioxidant potential and thermal stability. In the case of soybean oil, the antioxidant capacity is the result of its high content of gamma- and delta-tocopherols (with the highest antioxidant capacity and thermostabilities), whereas in EVOO, the antioxidant potential is the result of the combination of specific antioxidant polyphenols, which are acting additionally as effective stabilizers of alpha-tocopherol. The high content of EVOO in tyrosol, hydrotyrosol, and oleuropein and other polyphenolics with radical scavenging abilities toward superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical suggests that olive oil possesses biological properties that could partially account for the observed beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet. 相似文献
37.
Valérie Chetboul Cécile Damoiseaux Camille Poissonnier Marie Lavennes Sandrine Bertrand Nicolas Borenstein Luc Behr Jean-Louis Pouchelon Vassiliki Gouni Loïc Desquilbet 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(6):405-414
Introduction
The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of French bulldogs (FBs) with congenital pulmonic stenosis and document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).Animals
This study included 66 FBs with congenital pulmonic stenosis.Methods
Prospective cohort study including a survival analysis to assess time to CD.Results
In most cases (53/66, 80%), at least two obstructive lesions were observed, most commonly valvular and supravalvular (42/66, 64%), with pulmonary trunk hypoplasia in 40/66 (61%) of cases. The median Doppler-derived peak trans-stenotic pressure gradient (ΔP) was very high: 170 mmHg (range = 34–291 mmHg), with ΔP ≥ 200 mmHg in 33% of FBs. Among the 51 FBs with an available follow-up and that did not undergo surgical valvuloplasty, 21/51 (41%) died, 67% (14/21) of deaths being CD. The median survival time from diagnosis to CD was 2.8 years (interquartile range = 0.8–4.6 years). Univariate Cox proportional hazard analyses revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.3 per 1 year increase; p = 0.02), clinical signs at presentation (HR = 3.7; p = 0.03), ΔP (HR = 1.2 per 10 mmHg increase; p = 0.01), right ventricular dilation (HR = 5.0; p = 0.04), severe tricuspid regurgitation (HR = 7.6; p = 0.001), and right-sided congestive heart failure (HR = 4.8; p = 0.05) were associated with time to CD. After adjustment for age and ΔP, tricuspid regurgitation remained significantly associated with time to CD (HR = 5.1; p = 0.02).Conclusions
Pulmonic stenosis in FBs is commonly severe and complex, with at least 2 obstructive lesions in most cases, a high incidence of pulmonary trunk hypoplasia and CD, and strong association between prognosis and tricuspid regurgitation severity. 相似文献38.
Chetboul V Sampedrano CC Gouni V Concordet D Lamour T Ginesta J Nicolle AP Pouchelon JL Lefebvre HP 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(6):837-844
Right ventricular myocardial (RVM) motion is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to determine the variability of RVM velocities by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in healthy dogs (study 1), to analyze RVM motion in a large healthy canine population (study 2), and to compare the results with those obtained for the left ventricular free wall. Six healthy Beagle Dogs were monitored in study 1, and 64 healthy dogs of 14 different breeds were monitored in study 2. Velocities were recorded in 2 segments (basal and apical) of the right and left myocardial walls. In study 1, 36 TDI examinations were performed for 4 days, whereas a single TDI examination was performed on each dog in study 2. All velocity profiles included 1 positive systolic wave and 2 negative diastolic waves. The lowest intraday and interday coefficient of variation values of the right TDI variables were observed at the base (3.5-16.1%). The variability of the right apical velocities was much higher, with most coefficient of variation values > 15%. RVM velocities were higher in the basal than in the apical segments (P < .001) and were higher than the left velocities of the corresponding segment (P < .01). Body weight and breed had an effect on only a few right and left TDI variables. TDI provides a repeatable and reproducible method for evaluating basal RV function in the dog. These data also demonstrate the heterogeneity of the myocardial velocities between the left and the right ventricles and between the base and the apex. 相似文献
39.
Geromichalos GD Lamari FN Papandreou MA Trafalis DT Margarity M Papageorgiou A Sinakos Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(24):6131-6138
Inhibitors of acetylcholine breakdown by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) constitute the main therapeutic modality for Alzheimer's disease. In the search for natural products with inhibitory action on AChE, this study investigated the activity of saffron extract and its constituents by in vitro enzymatic and molecular docking studies. Saffron has been used in traditional medicine against Alzheimer's disease. Saffron extract showed moderate AChE inhibitory activity (up to 30%), but IC(50) values of crocetin, dimethylcrocetin, and safranal were 96.33, 107.1, and 21.09 μM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed mixed-type inhibition, which was verified by in silico docking studies. Safranal interacts only with the binding site of the AChE, but crocetin and dimethylcrocetin bind simultaneously to the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites. These results reinforce previous findings about the beneficial action of saffron against Alzheimer's disease and may be of value for the development of novel therapeutic agents based on carotenoid-based dual binding inhibitors. 相似文献
40.
A. Tagarakis S. Koundouras E. I. Papageorgiou Z. Dikopoulou S. Fountas T. A. Gemtos 《Precision Agriculture》2014,15(5):555-578
Fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are particularly suited for aggregating multiple data to feed multi-variables decision support systems. Moreover, grape quality is a complex concept that refers to the simultaneous achievement of optimal levels in many parameters, thus single berry attributes spatial data are not adequate to define grape suitability for a specific end use. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a FIS to classify grape quality based on selected grape attributes in a commercial vineyard in Central Greece planted with Vitis vinifera cv. Agiorgitiko, during 2010, 2011 and 2012. The vineyard was sectioned in 48 cells sized 10 × 20 m; total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total skin anthocyanins and berry fresh weight were measured at harvest on the same grid and were used in the FIS as inputs to build linguistic rules based on expert knowledge. The result of the FIS was a numerical value (Grape Total Quality, GTQ) which corresponded to a fuzzy set of grape quality classes (very poor, poor, average, good, and excellent). The validation process for the proposed FIS consisted of two parts: a comparison of GTQ with an independent set of data by viticulture experts and a comparison with soil and grapevine properties to verify its spatial relevancy. The evaluation process showed high general agreement between GTQ and expert evaluation suggesting that the FIS was able to model expert knowledge successfully. Moreover, GTQ exhibited higher variability than the individual grape quality attributes in all years. Among individual grape components, anthocyanins and berry weight seemed to be more important in determining GTQ than total soluble solids and titratable acidity. According to the results, FIS could allow the aggregation of grape quality parameters into a single index providing grape growers with a valuable tool for classifying grape quality at harvest. 相似文献