一株抑草真菌发酵液中的抑草成分分析

为了鉴定从桉树根际筛选到的微生物的抑草潜力和抑草成分,以桉树根际土壤中筛选到的一株真菌为材料,利用生物测试验证菌株发酵液的抑草潜力,利用GC-MS对菌株发酵液抑草成分进行验证。结果表明,不同浓度菌株发酵液对稗草的根长、株高和干重都有显著的抑制作用,对稗草根长抑制率最大为稀释50倍时,抑制率为7.55%;对稗草株高和干重抑制率最高为原液,抑制率分别为56.53%和25.46%。GC-MS鉴定共检测到86个物质,含氮化合物最多,占59.10%,其次为羧酸及酯类化合物,占19.26%。抑草物质生物测试结果表明,邻香豆酸、柠檬醛和胡椒碱在低浓度时对莴苣的根长和株高都有很强的抑制作用。表明该菌株能够产生多种化感物质的结构类似物,使得菌株发酵液具有很强的抑草作用,具有开发为微生物除草剂的潜力。     

Bayesian Semiparametric Model for Pathway-Based Analysis with Zero-Inflated Clinical Outcomes

In this paper, we propose a semiparametric regression approach for identifying pathways related to zero-inflated clinical outcomes, where a pathway is a gene set derived from prior biological knowledge. Our approach is developed by using a Bayesian hierarchical framework. We model the pathway effect nonparametrically into a zero-inflated Poisson hierarchical regression model with an unknown link function. Nonparametric pathway effect was estimated via a kernel machine, and the unknown link function was estimated by transforming a mixture of the beta cumulative density function. Our approach provides flexible nonparametric settings to describe the complicated association between gene expressions and zero-inflated clinical outcomes. The Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampling algorithm and Bayes factor were adopted to make statistical inferences. Our simulation results support that our semiparametric approach is more accurate and flexible than zero-inflated Poisson regression with the canonical link function, which is especially true when the number of genes is large. The usefulness of our approach is demonstrated through its applications to the Canine data set from Enerson et al. (Toxicol Pathol 34:27–32, 2006). Our approach can also be applied to other settings where a large number of highly correlated predictors are present.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.     

植物杀虫剂在储粮害虫防治中的应用概况和展望

介绍了近年来植物杀虫剂在储粮害虫防治中的应用概况,并对其未来研究开发方向问题进行了分析.     

应用Sentinel-2A卫星遥感影像估测森林蓄积量

为了探讨应用Sentinel-2A遥感影像进行森林蓄积量估测的可行性,以内蒙古自治区某林业局的一类清查样地数据、二类调查小班数据、数字高程模型(DEM)以及林地数据为数据源,以遥感影像的波段灰度信息、比值波段及地形信息为自变量,采用k-近邻法(k-NN)、稳健估计及偏最小二乘估计等方法,分林型构建研究区域的森林蓄积量估测模型,从林业局、林场及小班尺度进行估测精度评价.结果表明:k-NN方法在林业局、林场和小班等3个尺度中的估测精度分别达到了97％、93.2％和83.6％,均表现出良好的估测效果;稳健估计法在3个尺度中的估测精度分别为89.3％、72.4％、69.3％;偏最小二估计法在3个尺度中的估测精度分别为85.7％、75.8％、71.7％.k-NN方法估测效果明显优于稳健估计方和偏最小二估计法,因此,Sentinel-2A遥感影像能够有效应用于森林蓄积量估测.     

地基激光雷达在森林参数反演中的应用

近年来地基激光雷达(TLS)得到了快速发展, 它能够快速地获取高精度、高密度的3D点云数据, 可以应用到工程设计、林业、农业、矿产、交通、城市规划和遗产记录等领域。在森林参数的定量测量应用上, 利用TLS测量森林参数如树高、胸径、密度和蓄积量等, 不仅节省人力, 还提高了工作效率, 现在已经成为一种快速获取树木几何参数的有效方法。文中主要介绍地基激光雷达遥感的工作原理、数据处理过程和方法、在林业中的应用现状、利用TLS数据反演森林参数(位置、胸径、树高、蓄积量、树干和郁闭度等)的方法和研究进展, 同时对地基激光雷达在林业中的应用前景进行了分析和展望。     

Structural characterization of lignin in the process of cooking of cornstalk with solid alkali and active oxygen

A novel, efficient, and environmentally friendly technology is used in cornstalk cooking, active oxygen (O? and H?O?) cooking with solid alkali (MgO). After the cooking, the milled wood lignin in the raw material and pulp and the water-soluble and insoluble lignin in the yellow liquor were all characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR. The results showed that the cooking procedure with solid alkali and active oxygen had a high selectivity for delignification, which could remove 85.5% of the lignin from the raw material. The syringyl (S/S'/S') units could be dissolved preferentially because of their high reactivity, and a novel guaiacyl unit with a carbonyl group (G') was generated in the cooking process. Moreover, during the cooking, the β-O-4' (A/A'/A″) structures as the main side-chain linkages in all the lignins could be partly broken and the β-O-4' (A') with a ring-conjugated structure was readily attacked by oxygen, whereas the H unit and β-5' and β-β' structures were found to stay stable without characteristic reaction.     

非嗜食植物汁液对旋心异跗莹叶甲取食及产卵的影响

为了探索安全、有效防治丹参新害虫旋心异跗莹叶甲的方法,研究5种非嗜食植物汁液对旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫取食和产卵的影响.结果表明,5种常见的非嗜食性植物次生物质(汁液)对旋心异跗莹叶甲成虫具有不同程度的拒食和产卵干扰作用,100%、50%大蒜汁液,100%、50%葱汁液,100%刺芥汁液及100%鬼针草汁液48 h的非选择性拒食率均在70%以上;100%大蒜、葱及刺芥汁液7 d的选择性拒食率均在50%以上;100%、50%车前汁液,100%、50%大蒜汁液,100%刺芥汁液的产卵抑制率均在50%以上;其中大蒜汁液的拒食作用和产卵干扰作用最明显,其48h非选择性拒食率、7d选择性拒食率、产卵抑制率分别达到91.4%、97.56%、95.31%.     

西双版纳地区引种的澳洲坚果抗寒性

以3年生无性繁殖澳洲坚果10个品种的幼苗为材料.采用电导法和全株冰冻测试法测定西双版纳引种的10个澳洲坚果品种叶片的抗寒力变化.结果表明:10个澳洲坚果品种抗寒力(半致死温度)介于-0.72～2.36℃之间,H2和HY属于低温敏感性相对较弱的L类型,抗寒力较强;HAES900、A16和Special抗寒力较弱,属于低温敏感性较强的H类型;D4、OC、HAES816、A4和D等品种属于抗寒力中等的M类型.     

武汉地区雷竹笋用林竹笋生长情况初步研究

调查分析了武汉地区引种雷竹2年生竹林出笋期、竹笋高生长、出笋量以及幼竹高生长、地径生长变化等指标.结果表明,竹笋高度连日生长量平均最大值为24.16 cm,单株平均出笋量为18株,竹秆高生长速度较快,平均每天高生长量为12.47 cm.表明在武汉地区引种雷竹,竹笋产量较高,具有较好的经济效益.     

气体传感器鉴别花椒产地研究

目前花椒产地鉴别基本以感官评定为主,缺乏客观性,在实施应用时难以做到量化和标准化,难以做出判断。因此设计研发一种快速鉴别花椒的智能装置。该装置以气体传感器阵列为核心,能够独立对花椒气味信息进行检测和鉴别,区分不同产地的同类花椒。利用主成分分析和WilksΛ统计分析对检测数据进行处理。提取主成分5个,累积贡献率为94.41%,其对应Fisher判别模型训练集平均准确率达到88.6%,验证集90%,WilksΛ统计分析最终选取8个变量,其对应判别Fisher模型训练集平均准确率91.82%,验证集95%。对WilksΛ统计所选取变量建立细分类交叉验证的Fisher判别模型,平均正确率达到97.27%,将模型移植到采集装置,完成智能花椒品种鉴别装置。该方法是一种简便高效的花椒品种鉴别方法,可为今后进一步研究花椒产地、分级提供检测仪器和理论依据。