池塘养殖条件下当年口虾蛄生长特性的研究

为了了解口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下的生长规律,并为其规模化生产提供科学依据。在水温15℃~31℃条件下,通过测量体重、体长等指标,对当年口虾蛄的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:（1）30日龄口虾蛄经100天培育后,体长从(8.20 ± 0.45)cm增至(11.79 ± 0.67)cm,日均增长0.036 cm,体重从(7.14 ± 1.17)g增至(20.54 ± 3.44)g,日均增重0.134 g。（2）当年口虾蛄的体重与体长的拟合方程为W=0.016L^2.879(R²=0.978),其b值接近于3;体长、体重与养殖日龄的最佳方程均为指数函数。（3）当年口虾蛄的肥满度在30日龄时最高,90日龄最低,肥满度与养殖水温没有明显相关关系;在水温23℃以上时,口虾蛄的瞬时增长率、瞬时增重率指标逐渐升高并在90日龄达到最大值。综上所述,口虾蛄在池塘养殖条件下生长效果良好,其体长与体重的生长基本同步,适宜进行规模化人工养殖。     

Dietary Photoprotective Compounds Ameliorate UV Tolerance in Shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) through Induction of Antioxidant Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on bioaccumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds acquired through the diet, in larvae and postlarvae of Pleoticus muelleri, and to assess tissue antioxidant activity, survival, and development. Mysis stage I were exposed to two artificial radiation treatments: M‐PAR (photosynthetically active radiation, range = 400–700 nm) and M‐PAR + UVR (280–700 nm). The experimental larvae received a mixed dietary treatment of Artemia persimilis and the microalga Pavlova lutheri, reared under two radiation regimes: PAR (D‐PAR) and PAR + UVR (D‐PAR + UVR). Shrimp from all treatments reached 8 d postlarval stage (PL8), except those under M‐PAR + UVR treatment fed the D‐PAR‐cultured algae, which had 0% survival. Larvae in M‐PAR + UVR and M‐PAR treatments fed with D‐PAR + UVR diet presented the highest survival rates (70 and 75%, respectively), with 37 and 41% increase in PL size. UV‐absorbing compounds were detected in microalgae and PL subject to PAR + UVR treatments. Antioxidant activity, quantified by measuring the free‐radical 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl in homogenates of PL8, decayed drastically under radiation treatment M‐PAR + UVR fed with algae of the D‐PAR + UVR treatment. It is concluded that the bioaccumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds and the highest antioxidant activity in PL could improve the biochemical and photophysiological responses of shrimp under UVR stress.     

Genome-wide detection of selective signatures in a Jinhua pig population

The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome. These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits. In the present study, we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH) tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs. A total of 26 161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified, which occupied approximately 28% of the genome across all autosomes, and 1 158 significant(P0.01) core haplotypes were selected. Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits, including meat quality, reproduction, immune responses and exterior traits. A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2, KDM8, RABEP2, GSG1L, RHEB, RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values. The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome, and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.     

播期对鄂中北地区不同类型粳稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响

为了明确鄂中北地区稻麦周年轮作模式下,播期对不同类型粳稻生育期、产量及其构成因素、温光资源利用的影响,以常规早熟中粳、中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、籼粳杂交早熟中粳和籼粳杂交中熟中粳为材料,在湖北省襄阳市农业科学院团山试验基地进行试验。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻生育期均显著缩短,迟熟中粳缩短幅度最大,籼粳杂交早熟中粳缩短幅度最小。各类型粳稻营养生长阶段受温光影响较大,而生殖生长阶段相对稳定;随着播期推迟,各类型粳稻全生育期有效积温及其利用率显著降低,日照时数利用率呈减少趋势。同一播期内,籼粳杂交中粳热量利用率高于常规中粳;各类型粳稻产量均以第Ⅰ播期最高,第Ⅴ播期最低,产量下降的主要原因是每穗颖花数和结实率显著降低。鄂中北地区粳麦周年轮作模式下,粳稻应首选籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳,其次是籼粳杂交早熟中粳。籼粳杂交中熟中粳和常规迟熟中粳的最佳播期为5月9日-5月15日。     

8个格木天然林种源苗期生长差异与早期选择

为研究格木不同天然种源家系苗的生长差异,选出相对速生的优良种源,本研究对8个格木天然林种源、110个家系1年生的苗高和地径等生长量指标进行测量,结合各家系的种子表型性状进行方差分析、多重比较、相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:不同种源的格木苗期生长量差异显著,具备种源选择的基础;不同种源的苗期生长量差异主要来源于种源内,具备从优良种源内选择优良家系的基础;苗期生长量与种子大小、种子厚和千粒重等性状呈极显著正相关关系,大粒、饱满种子可作为优良种源和家系选择的初选参考指标。初步选出浦北、北流种源作为格木优良种源。本研究为格木速生种源及家系的早期选择提供依据。     

Predictive Modeling for Growth and Enterotoxin Production of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk

Predictive microbiology was utilized to model Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA) production in milk in this study. The modified logistic model, modified Gompertz model and Baranyi model were applied to model growth data of S. aureus between 15℃ and 37℃. Model comparisons indicated that Baranyi model described the growth data more accurately than two others with a mean square error of 0.0129. Growth rates generated from Baranyi model matched the observed ones with a bias factor of 0.999 and an accuracy factor of 1.01, and fit a square root model with respect to temperature; other two modified models both overestimated the observed ones. SEA amount began to be detected when the cell number reached 10~(6.4) cfu · mL~(-1), and showed the linear correlation with time. Besides, the rate of SEA production fitted an exponential relationship as a function of temperature. Predictions based on the study could be applied to indicate possible growth of S. aureus and prevent the occurrence of staphylococcal food poisoning.     

土壤调理粉剂处理下茶园土壤重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价

本文以贵州安顺不同土壤调理粉剂处理下“瀑布毛峰”茶园土壤为供试样品,通过样品测试与理化分析,对CK处理(0 kg/hm²)、A处理(600 kg/hm²)、B处理(750 kg/hm²)和C处理(900 kg/hm²)下茶园土壤重金属含量特征及污染水平进行探讨。结果表明：不同土壤调理粉剂处理下,研究区域土壤重金属Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、As和Cd的变异程度各异,且土壤中这8种重金属含量也各不相同,其中pH、Cr、Pb和Ni含量在C处理中最高,As、Hg和Cd含量在A处理中最高,Cu和Zn含量在B处理中最高;对各重金属元素进行相关性分析可知,Ni与Pb之间存在极显著相关性,表明两者之间的同源性极高,其余元素之间相关性特征不明显;由综合污染指数（P_综）得出A处理为轻度污染,CK处理、B处理和C处理均为中度污染,不同处理土壤中Cr均在国家Ⅱ级标准(GB15618—2008)规定范围内,样点达标率为100%,在所选定的污染评价因子中,Cu的贡献率最高,为土壤主要影响因子,其次是Cd和Ni;研究区土壤重金属单项潜在生态风险指数($E_{r}^{i}$)中Hg属于强生态风险,其余7种重金属处于轻微潜在生态风险等级;综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)平均值为196.79,总体处于中等潜在生态风险水平,Hg对RI的贡献率最大,是最主要的生态风险元素。     

优质棉中棉所127与高衣分材料杂交分离群体纤维产量和品质表型评价及典型相关分析

以纤维品质优异的陆地棉品种中棉所127为父本，以高衣分品系GH07-44为母本，构建了F₂和F_2:3分离群体，并对F₂和F_2:3群体的产量和纤维品质性状进行表型评价及典型相关分析。结果发现，分离群体各性状存在丰富的遗传变异和超亲分离，变异系数为1.15%～15.19%；F₂群体中铃重的变异系数最大，2个世代中纤维成熟度指数的变异系数均最小。超高亲比例为1.71%～66.86%，其中F_2:3群体马克隆值的超高亲比例最高，2个世代中最小的超高亲比例性状均为上半部平均长度。简单相关分析表明：衣分与马克_{隆值、成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数呈极显著负相关；铃重与马克隆值呈极显著正相关，与F}2群体的成熟度指数呈极显著正相关，与F_2:3群体的成熟度指数呈显著正相关。典型相关分析表明，产量性状组与纤维品质性状组间存在相关关系，主要表现在衣分与上半部平均长度呈负相关、与马克隆值呈正相关，随着世代的增加，产量和品质性状的相关性降低，因此实现产量和纤维品质同步改良虽有一定难度但有可能实现。本研究筛选出2个世代衣分均超过43%且纤维品质较好的材料9个（马克隆值均值＜4.5、上半部平均长度均值＞30 mm），为棉花产量和纤维品质的同步改良提供了基础材料。     

依据物联网的树干径流自动监测系统

针对森林水分监测中树干径流数据收集单一、不准确、严重依赖人力操作等问题,研究设计基于物联网的树干径流自动监测系统。系统由翻斗式传感器、数据采集和处理模块、无线通信模块、服务器、客户端等组成。嵌入式系统接受和储存翻斗式脉冲信号次数,利用4G无线网络将数据上传到服务器,通过上位机对原始数据进行处理,最终达到在手机或者电脑上直观读取数据。测试表明该系统长期在野外运行稳定、数据收集准确,节约了大量人力成本和时间。     

3株氟磺胺草醚降解真菌的分离与鉴定

为了解决大豆田除草剂氟磺胺草醚长期使用造成的残留问题,本研究利用富集培养法进行菌株筛选,利用高效液相色谱法测定其降解能力,通过形态和16S rDNA序列分析对其进行种属鉴定。结果表明,本研究从长期施用氟磺胺草醚的土壤中分离纯化出3株能以氟磺胺草醚为唯一碳源生长的真菌菌株FF1、FF2和FF3。它们在7天内对初始浓度600 mg/L氟磺胺草醚的降解率分别为21.03%、15.74%和11.88%,这3个菌株分别鉴定为Aspergillus jensenii（詹森曲霉）、Penicillium dipodomyicola（双足青霉）和Rhizopus oryzae（稻根霉菌）。这3个种属的获得为氟磺胺草醚污染土壤生物修复提供了新的菌种资源。