乳成分对凝固型酸乳贮藏品质的影响

鲜乳的乳成分随季节、温度、挤乳时间及次数变化明显,导致用其直接加工的酸乳品质差异较大,因此,本实验研究了不同乳蛋白、乳脂肪和乳糖添加量对酸乳贮藏期间酸度和持水性的影响.结果表明:酸乳贮藏持水性随乳蛋白、乳脂肪和乳糖添加量的升高而明显增强;酸度随乳蛋白添加量的增加明显上升,而脂肪和乳糖添加量对凝固型酸乳贮藏酸度无明显影响.     

宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培技术研究

为提高宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯经济效益,通过采用宽窄行种植、多种密度处理的方法,研究宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯中马铃薯密度与甘蔗产量和品质、马铃薯产量和商品率、土地复合产值和新增纯收入之间的关系。结果表明：在播幅为2.0 m的宿根甘蔗套种马铃薯宽窄行栽培中,当马铃薯密度达3.0万粒/hm2时,土地复合产值最高、经济效益最好,其中,马铃薯产量达28 600 kg/hm2,商品率达72.3％;甘蔗产量达168 000 kg/hm2,比纯种增16.2％;甘蔗糖锤度达19.9％,比纯种提高0.3个百分点;复合产值达135 985元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增119.7％;新增纯收入122 905 元/hm2,比甘蔗纯种增151.8％。     

Effects of structure design on resilience and acoustic absorption properties of porous flexible-foam based perforated composites

In this paper, perforated composite panel was combined with porous and resonance structures to investigate the influence on acoustic absorption and resilient properties. The perforated composite panel was fabricated based on highdensity flexible-foam via perforating and reinforcing with laminated hybrid nonwoven fabric. Effect of aperture size (AS) (ranging from 3 mm to 6 mm), perforation ratio (PR) (5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %) and perforation depth (PD) (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) on the compressive hardness, rebound resilience and acoustic absorption properties was explored. Multiply hybrid nonwoven fabric which was fabricated with low-melting point polyester (LMPET), flame-retardant polyester (FRPET) and recycled Kevlar fibers was utilized to reinforce the flexible composites and improve the acoustic property. Nonwoven that was fabricated with entangled LMPET fibers had porous structures which could reinforce the flexible foam and enhance the acoustic absorption properties. The result revealed that the continuity and supporting of porous flexible foam had directly influence the compressive hardness. The maximum hardness of the flexible-foam based perforated composites reached 420 N. The rebound resilience result showed that the sample had high resilient structure and the resilience was up to 48 %. The perforated flexible composites plate (PFP) with 4 mm-AS performed the highest acoustic absorption coefficient at 0.9. The acoustic absorption coefficient was higher than 0.8 in the frequency range from 800 to 1600 Hz and 1600 to 2400 Hz when perforated composites had 4 mm-AS at 5 % and 10 % perforation ratio. With the increase in perforation ratio, absorption peak moved from 3200 Hz to 4000 Hz. Hybrid nonwoven laminated layer help to broaden the frequency range of acoustic absorption of perforated high-density flexible foam based composites panel. Acoustic absorption coefficient was higher than 0.4 when frequency ranging from 900 Hz to 4000 Hz.     

Piscidin is Highly Active against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumonia in a Systemic Septicaemia Infection Mouse Model

This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of two synthetic antimicrobial peptides from an aquatic organism, tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) and tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4), in vitro and in a murine sepsis model, as compared with ampicillin, tigecycline, and imipenem. Mice were infected with (NDM-1)-producing K. pneumonia and multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and subsequently treated with TP3, TP4, or antibiotics for different periods of time (up to 168 h). Mouse survival and bacterial colony forming units (CFU) in various organs were measured after each treatment. Toxicity was determined based on observation of behavior and measurement of biochemical parameters. TP3 and TP4 exhibited strong activity against K. pneumonia and A. baumannii in vitro. Administration of TP3 (150 μg/mouse) or TP4 (50 μg/mouse) 30 min after infection with K. pneumonia or A. baumannii significantly increased survival in mice. TP4 was more effective than tigecycline at reducing CFU counts in several organs. TP3 and TP4 were shown to be non-toxic, and did not affect mouse behavior. TP3 and TP4 are able at potentiate anti-Acinetobacter baumannii or anti-Klebsiella pneumonia drug activity, reduce bacterial load, and prevent drug resistance, indicating their potential for use in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.     

Anti-Obese Effect of Glucosamine and Chitosan Oligosaccharide in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Objective: This study is to evaluate the anti-obese effects of glucosamine (GLC) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into twelve groups: a normal diet group (NF), a high-fat diet group (HF), Orlistat group, GLC high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (GLC-H, GLC-M, GLC-L), COS1 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤1000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS1-H, COS1-M, COS1-L), and COS2 (COS, number-average molecular weight ≤3000) high-, middle-, and low-dose groups (COS2-H, COS2-M, COS2-L). All groups received oral treatment by gavage once daily for a period of six weeks. Results: Rats fed with COS1 gained the least weight among all the groups (P < 0.01), and these rats lost more weight than those treated with Orlistat. In addition to the COS2-H and Orlistat groups, the serum total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to the HF group (P < 0.01). The various doses of GLC, COS1 and COS2 reduced the expression levels of PPARγ and LXRα mRNA in the white adipose tissue. Conclusions: The results above demonstrated that GLC, COS1, and COS2 improved dyslipidemia and prevented body weight gains by inhibiting the adipocyte differentiation in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Thus, these agents may potentially be used to treat obesity.     

热稳定性对甲基对硫磷水解酶在毕赤酵母中分泌的影响

甲基对硫磷水解酶可生物降解有机磷农药,由于其特殊的应用价值,越来越受到人们的关注。来源于苍白杆菌的甲基对硫磷水解酶MPH-Och在毕赤酵母系统中不能有效地分泌表达。将热稳定性提高的突变体MPH-S274Q在毕赤酵母中表达,发现其毕赤酵母重组菌株经摇瓶诱导培养120 h后,培养上清的酶活力达到0.7 U/mL,蛋白分泌量是野生型的14倍,SDS-PAGE电泳图中培养上清有明显的蛋白质条带,进一步证明了分泌效率提高,该结果表明提高蛋白质的热稳定性可以作为提高外源蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌效率的一条有效途径。     

鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的制备研究

文章探讨了以鲢（Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix）鱼骨为原料,采用风味蛋白酶酶解制备骨胶原多肽水解液,剩余骨渣经乳酸提取制备骨粉酸解液（钙液）,研究其通过螯合制备鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的工艺条件。分析了酶解时间对鲢鱼骨蛋白酶解产物产品品质和功能特性（溶解性和热稳定性）的影响以及采用乳酸提取鲢鱼骨中钙时提取温度对钙溶出率的影响,并以螯合率为指标,考察pH、时间、温度和多肽液与钙液体积比对螯合反应的影响。结果表明,在温度50℃,按原料鱼排质量0．09％加入风味蛋白酶酶解30min制备出的鲢鱼骨胶原多肽具有良好的产品品质和功能特性;乳酸提钙时提取温度对钙溶出率没有显著性影响（P〉0．05）;在pH8、温度25℃条件下,多肽液与钙液体积比1：1反应40min得到的鲢鱼骨胶原蛋白螯合钙螯合率最高（85．24％）。     

酸化剂对碱性土壤和水体的改良机制及其效果

本文主要概述了碱性土壤和水体的形成原因、危害以及酸化剂的种类和特点,总结了酸化剂对碱性土壤和水体的改良机制与应用,为碱性土壤和水体的改良提供参考。     

虾类肌肉白浊病病原和病理的研究进展

本文针对虾类肌肉白浊病易感染的罗氏沼虾、凡纳滨对虾、中国对虾进行了分析。从病毒、细菌、寄生虫和环境因素方面,总结了近十几年来虾类肌肉白浊病的病原和病理特征。归纳了虾类肌肉白浊病的流行病学、检测方法及综合防治。     

Dietary methionine requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) at a constant dietary cystine level

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the dietary methionine requirement of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala at a constant dietary cystine level. Six semipurified diets were formulated to contain graded dietary methionine levels from 3.9 to 15.4 g kg^?1 in about 2.5 g kg^?1 increments in the presence of 2.2 g kg^?1 cystine. Results showed that specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) significantly increased with increasing dietary methionine levels from 3.9 to 12.4 g kg^?1 and thereafter kept stable. Maximum protein productive value (PPV), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE) and liver weight were observed in 8.5 g methionine kg^?1 diet. Protein contents in whole fish body were positively correlated with dietary methionine level, while lipid contents were negatively correlated with it. Morphological index and hepatic glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities were independent of dietary methionine levels. However, dietary methionine supplementation significantly improved haematological parameters, plasma methionine and total essential amino acid contents and hepatic glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities. Analysis of dose response using broken‐line regression on the basis of SGR and PPV versus dietary methionine level estimated the optimum dietary methionine requirements of juvenile M. amblycephala to be between 8.5 and 8.4 g kg^?1 of diet (25.0 and 24.7 g kg^?1 of protein) in the presence of 2.2 g kg^?1 cystine, respectively. Hence, the corresponding total sulphur amino acids requirements of this species were calculated to be 10.7 and 10.6 g kg^?1 of diet (31.5 and 31.2 g kg^?1 of dietary protein).