氧化节杆菌生物降解苯并芘

A pot experiment was conducted with multi-metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) contaminated acidic soil to investigate changes in available metal burden resulting from the application of industrial wastes (fly ash and steel slag). The efficiency of amendments-induced metal stabilization was evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), sequential extraction, and plant uptake. The stability of remediation was assessed by an acidification test and by chemical equilibrium modeling. Addition of fly ash (20 g kg-1 ) and steel slag (3 g kg-1 ) resulted in similar increase in soil pH. Both amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of metals measured with DGT (C DGT) and the metal uptake by Oryza sativa L. Significant correlations were found between C DGT and the concentration of a combination of metal fractions (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, and bound to Fe/Mn oxides), unraveling the labile species that participate in the flux of metal resupply. The capability of metal resupply, as reflected by the R (ratio of C DGT to pore water metal concentration) values, significantly decreased in the amended soils. The C DGT correlated well with the plant uptake, suggesting that DGT is a good indicator for bioavailability. Acidification raised the extractable metal concentration in amended soil but the concentration did not return to the pre-amendment level. Equilibrium modeling indicated that the soil amendments induced the precipitation of several Fe, Al and Ca minerals, which may play a positive role in metal stabilization. Chemical stabilization with alkaline amendments could be an effective and stable soil remediation strategy for attenuating metal bioavailability and reducing plant metal uptake.     

农田耕作措施对近地表风沙运动的影响

我国北方传统耕作模式的犁耕、耙磨及磨平整地措施对农田近地表风沙活动影响显著。通过对春季半干旱沙区农田风沙活动的观测,本文对犁耕、耙磨磨平两种处理下近地表0~60 cm内输沙率和风沙流结构随田块长度的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,耙磨磨平处理破坏了犁耕在农田地表形成的非可蚀性土块结构,使近地表0~60 cm内输沙率增大,在强沙尘事件中增加幅度可达数10倍。犁耕地表上输沙率随田块长度的增加呈指数关系递增,而耙磨磨平后风沙流发育的饱和路径长度减小,在强沙尘事件中近地表输沙率随田块长度的增加而递减。此外,上风向处犁耕地表低层输沙比例(Q0-10/Q0-60)小于耙磨磨平地表,且随田块长度的增加逐渐增大,而耙磨磨平后风沙流结构随田块长度的变化不大。     

固定化微生物技术及其在污染土壤修复中的应用

固定化微生物技术是一种新的生物处理技术,与普通生物处理法相比有许多优点.本文对固定化微生物的制备方法、固定化微生物的载体、固定化微生物的反应特性以及固定化微生物技术在污染土壤治理中的应用和研究进展状况进行了综述,并对其今后的发展方向作了探讨.     

晒田强度和穗肥运筹对三角形强化栽培水稻光合生产力和氮素利用的影响

以杂交中稻组合II优498为材料,在三角形强化栽培(TSRI)条件下,研究3种晒田强度(0~20 cm土壤相对含水量为80%±5%、60%±5%和40%±5%,分别记为W₁、W₂和W₃)和3种穗肥运筹(晒田复水后第1、8和15天施用第1次氮素穗肥,分别记为S₁、S₂和S₃)对灌浆结实期水稻光合生产和氮素利用的影响。结果表明,晒田程度和穗肥运筹对水稻光合生产、干物质积累、氮素积累、转运和利用和产量的影响存在显著互作效应,且晒田影响最为显著,氮素穗肥运筹次之。轻度晒田(W₁)复水后第1天施用第1次氮素穗肥会降低抽穗后15 d和30 d的群体光合和有效穗数,推迟至复水后第8天或第15天施用第1次氮素穗肥可以提高抽穗后15 d和30 d的群体光合、收获指数和氮素稻谷生产效率;中度和重度晒田(W₂和W₃)复水后第1天和第8天施用第1次氮素穗肥可以提高孕穗期和齐穗期剑叶P_n和抽穗后15 d和30 d的群体光合、干物质积累、籽粒产量及构成指标、稻株氮素积累与利用。经过分析比较得出,TSRI模式下W₂S₁为晒田强度和穗肥运筹的最优组合,产量达到10.96 t ha^-1。     

苦瓜抗虫物质与抗虫作用初探

不同有机溶剂(乙醚、丙酮、乙醇)处理苦瓜叶片,用超敏感银染SDS-PAGE电泳进行蛋白质分析。结果表明：不同化学试剂处理后的蛋白质谱带组分和着色程度都出现了比较明显的差异。乙醚处理后的样品出现21条谱带,其中9号、5号、18号谱带较为清晰,着色较深;丙酮处理出现21条谱带,其中9号、10号、13号谱带较为清晰,着色较深,乙醇处理则有18条,其中只有6号谱带较为清晰,着色较深。这些蛋白质的异同将为进一步分离和研究苦瓜抗虫物质与抗虫作用提供依据。     

Analysis of Urban Reconstruction Based on Game Theory

The management of urban reconstruction is a process of game between the government and developers.It is helpful that the interest and its equilibrium for the relative parties involved in the reconstruction process are considered during the formation of government policy.This paper analyzes the environment for the policy constitution and establishes a model for strategy making based on the game theory.This model provides a basic foundation to improve the management ability of the government in the reconstruction process.Finally,in this paper some strategic issues are suggested to cope with the challenges from urban reconstruction in China.     

红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料的研制

以太谷壶瓶枣、茉莉花茶为主要原料,利用正交试验设计,主要研究了茶叶的类型、茶水比、复合汁配方对红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料品质的影响。结果表明,红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料最佳的生产工艺条件为:茉莉花茶与水的比例1:100,茶汤与红枣汁的混合比为1:1,蔗糖用量4%,柠檬酸用量0.05%,食盐用量0.10%。该饮料风味浓郁,口感柔和,具有保健、清凉止渴之功效。     

根癌农杆菌介导转Bt基因苎麻的获得及其抗虫鉴定

采用本研究室建立的根癌农杆菌介导的高效遗传转化体系,转化苎麻优良品种芦竹青,获得了转Bt基因苎麻候选植株。通过PCR和Southern杂交等分子检测,证明Bt基因已经整合到部分候选植株基因组中。选取PCR和Southern杂交均为阳性的部分株系(T₀)种植在大田,对这些植株进行室内抗虫鉴定并考察其主要农艺性状和品质性状,次年对T₁代植株进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。结果表明, 与对照相比,T₀代转Bt基因苎麻植株的抗虫性均强于对照,部分株系的抗虫性显著强于对照植株;且基本保持了亲本的优良性状;T₁代植株中也含有Bt基因,表明Bt基因能稳定遗传,且T₁代植株在大田的抗虫性明显强于非转基因植株。     

基于遗传算法的遥感数字图像镶嵌研究

遥感数字图像的镶嵌处理是遥感图像处理的基本工作之一，为此介绍了一种基于遗传算法确定图像重叠区和调整图像色度，以辅助完成遥感图像的镶嵌工作的新方法。     

桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区植被自然恢复与土壤养分变化

为促进桂西北喀斯特退化生态系统的恢复与重建,采用全面调查和样方调查方法,以自然保护区的顶级群落为对照,研究了桂西北喀斯特人为干扰区自然恢复22a后植被的演替规律与土壤养分变化。结果表明,干扰区物种丧失严重,种类仅有自然保护区的26.6%,随着群落由草丛→草灌丛→灌丛→藤刺灌丛→乔灌丛→顶级群落的顺向演替和发展,群落的高度、生物量和物种多样性、土壤有机质、养分、阳离子交换量和硅、铁、铝、钛等矿质全量逐步增加,钙、镁全量显著减少,pH值降低,土壤质量随着植被的恢复呈波折性提高。