GC-MS/MS法测定食品中毒鼠强残留量及不确定度评定

建立食品中毒鼠强残留量的气相色谱-串联质谱检测方法及科学的不确定度评定模型,提高检测的质量控制水平。结果表明,毒鼠强质量浓度在25.0～250.0 ng/mL线性关系良好,Y=1.181×103X+5.203×103(R2=0.995 3),加标回收率为96.57%,RSD为2.7%,方法检出限为0.098μg/kg,当食品中毒鼠强含量为0.186 7 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.000 21 mg/kg。该方法为气相色谱-串联质谱法测定毒鼠强时的不确定度的评定提供了参考依据。     

香蕉采后生理与保鲜技术研究进展

综述了香蕉果实采后生理与病理变化及保鲜技术的研究现状,并展望了香蕉保鲜技术的发展方向。     

Polymorphism Analysis of the Agouti-related Protein Gene Exon Ⅰof Quail

The poultry feather color inheritance has been a hot research topic, because the feather color is a kind of important quality character.In this study, we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect the polymorphisms of four quail populations of different feather color (China Yellow quail, Black quail, Korean quail, Beijing White quail) of agouti-related protein gene (Agrp) exon Ⅰ, so as to investigate the relationship of Agrp exon I with quail plumage color, and to provide reference for the breeding and production of quail.The results showed that two alleles were detected in the Agrp exon Ⅰ of China Yellow quail, Black quail, Korean quail, Beijing White quail populations,and expressed by A and B, respectively. Frequency of allele A in Beijing White quail was up to 0.9500. The frequency of B allele in Korean quail was the highest, reaching 0.3392, in Beijing White quail genes in the lowest frequency is only 0.0500. The genotype frequency of AA genotype in Beijing White quail was the highest (0.9500), the lowest in Korean quail and Black quail (0.4286). BB genotype was not observed in Beijing White quail. We speculated that it may have a certain relationship between Agrp exon Ⅰ B allele and feather color of quail.     

长江中下游浅水湖沉积物磷形态及其分布特征研究

对长江中下游7个浅水湖泊的表层沉积物,应用淡水沉积物中磷形态的标准测试程序(SMT)测定了其中的总磷、无机磷、有机磷、铁/铝磷和钙磷等5个部份,分析了各形态磷之间以及各形态磷与沉积物理化性质如总氮、有机质、主要氧化物组成之间的相关性.结果表明,研究区域内,表层沉积物总磷含量在217.8～3 337.2mg·kg-1之间,城市湖泊总磷含量总体上高于太湖等五大淡水湖;表层沉积物中的磷以无机磷为主,有机磷为辅,前者占总磷的比例多数处于60%～80%之间;从各形态磷含量的变化范围来看,Fe/Al-P＞OP＞Ca-P,而从百分含量的变化范围来看,则是Fe/Al-P＞Ca-P＞OP.表层沉积物中TP含量的增加主要来自Fe-P部分,其次来自OP部分;OP含量与Ca-P和Fe/Al-P的含量均有较好的正相关关系,而Ca-P与Fe/Al-P只有很弱的相关性.TN、有机质含量与OP、TP、Ca-P和Fe/Al-P均呈极显著正相关.TFe2O3与Fe/Al-P、TP、OP呈极显著正相关,而与Ca-P的相关性较弱;CaO与Ca-P呈极显著正相关,与OP有一定的正相关,与其他形态的磷则没有或只有微弱的相关性.     

超声波辅助提取茶花多糖的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助提取茶花多糖,对提取的茶花多糖进行清除DPPH、ABTS自由基和络合亚铁离子能力检测,比较了超声波提取和常规提取所得多糖的体外清除自由基能力。结果表明:超声波辅助提取的茶花多糖具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力,而其清除ABTS自由基能力稍弱于常规提取方法,亚铁离子络合能力则与多糖处理浓度关系较密切。     

山西省乳品质量安全现状及对策

近年来,我国乳品质量安全现状持续好转,消费者的消费信心正在逐步恢复,保障乳品安全的各项治理整顿行动正在持续深入进行,山西省已经成为全国主要奶牛生产基地之一。针对山西省乳品生产质量安全现状,从生鲜乳的生产、贮运、乳制品的加工销售和政府部门的监管等方面剖析了乳制品质量安全影响因素,提出了如何进一步提升山西省乳品质量安全水平的对策:首先加快推进奶牛标准化规模养殖,扩大优质奶源基地,从源头上强化对原料乳的质量安全控制;大力推进奶牛良种工程建设,做好选种和选配工作;加强政府监管力度,全面实施生鲜乳监测计划;提高乳品生产企业管理水平,重视和抓好质量文化建设、道德文化建设,强化诚信体系建设。     

多叶羽扇豆花色与花青苷分析

以10个不同花色多叶羽扇豆品种为材料,对其花朵翼瓣和旗瓣的颜色、花青苷组成及质量分数进行测定。结果表明,10个不同花色多叶羽扇豆中共检测出9种花青苷,白色的Gallery white和黄色的Galleryyellow 2个品种未检测到花青苷。对红色、蓝色和紫色多叶羽扇豆花瓣的花青苷提取液进行多级质谱分析发现,花青素苷元类型主要是矢车菊素、天竺葵素和飞燕草素,其糖苷类型主要是葡萄糖或酰基化葡萄糖的糖苷。     

棉花苗期根腐类病害生防细菌的筛选与鉴定

【目的】从新疆棉田中筛选对棉花苗期根腐类病害具有较强拮抗作用的生防细菌,为棉花苗期根腐类病害生物防治奠定基础。【方法】采用平板对峙法,测定实验室保存的多株生防细菌的抑菌能力,通过田间试验,验证其防治棉花苗期根腐类病害的效果。对生防细菌的16S rDNA基因序列与gyrA基因序列分别测序,通过BLAST在线比对,利用MEGA 7.0构建系统发育树,确定该生防菌株的分类地位。【结果】生防细菌TWt34、HWt34对棉花苗期根腐类病害(立枯病和红腐病)防治效果分别为76.74%和78.43%;在平板对峙对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani) 和拟轮枝镰孢霉(Fusarium verticilliodes)的抑菌宽度分别为8.29和6.60 mm,具有较强拮抗作用,对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)的抑菌宽度分别为7.70 和13.15 mm,也具有明显抑制作用。16S rDNA与gyrA基因序列鉴定表明生防菌菌株TWt34、HWt34同属于莫海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)。【结论】筛选出的2株莫海威芽孢杆菌TWt34、HWt34对棉花4种主要病害的病原菌具有较强的抑制作用,能够有效防治2种棉花苗期根腐类病害(立枯病和红腐病)。     

钙锌钾共存对赤红壤镉吸附的影响

农田土壤镉污染是全球重大环境问题之一。钝化修复具有经济实用、操作简便、效果显著等优势,广泛用于农田镉污染的治理与修复。近年来,人们在农田土壤镉污染钝化修复材料、作用机理及应用效果等方面,取得了许多进展。本文首先介绍了有机、无机和复合三类钝化修复材料;阐述了钝化修复材料通过改变土壤pH、生成沉淀、吸附与离子交换、有机配位络合、离子竞争等作用,降低土壤有效态镉离子浓度和生物有效性,钝化修复农田土壤镉污染的化学机理;进而总结了室内与大田条件下,不同类型材料钝化修复农田土壤镉污染的应用效果。最后对农田土壤镉污染钝化修复的持续性与稳定性、钝化修复机理、修复材料创新、钝化—植物联合修复等方面进行了展望。     

Characteristics of lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation managements

High yields of wheat are mainly obtained through a high level of nitrogen and irrigation supplementation.However,excessive nitrogen and irrigation supplication increase the risk of lodging.The main objectives of this work were to clarify the capacity of lodging resistance of wheat in response to nitrogen and irrigation,as well as to explore the effective ways of improving lodging resistance in a high-yield wheat cultivar.In this study,field experiments were conducted in the 2015–2016 and 2016–20...