Foot use and hand preference during feeding in captive black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti)

Postural origin theory predicts that body postures are related to hand preference in nonhuman primates due to hemispheric specialization. Foot preference, especially in manipulating objects, is also a good predictor of hemispheric specialization in humans. We studied limb (hand and foot) preferences in 11 captive adult black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) to see how limb preference is influenced by postures and foot manipulation. Hand preference was significantly different for this group between quadrupedal standing and clinging postures, and sitting and clinging postures, but not between bipedal standing and clinging postures. Individuals were significantly more likely to use the right hand in the clinging posture than in quadrupedal standing or sitting postures. In the sitting posture, individuals maintained their respective hand preference even when the food was on the other side of the body. There was a gender difference in the sitting posture, where females preferred their right hand but males preferred their left. Individuals who did not routinely use their feet to manipulate objects, compared to those who did, shifted to greater right hand use from the clinging posture to the bipedal posture. One male individual and his offspring were more likely to use their feet to manipulate objects than the rest of the monkeys. In the present study, we reveal the first evidence of a postural effect on hand preference in R. bieti as well as a foot preference in this species. Our results mostly agree with the postural origin theory and hemispheric specialization.     

高校创新培养新模式探索——文献阅读模式改革

随着我国高校学生培养水平的整体提高及对学生学习、掌握理论与技能要求的进一步提高,对其培养模式的新探索也随之展开。本文针对高校本科生与研究生在文献阅读中普遍存在的“不会找,不会读,读不懂”三大难题,借助例会等形式进行文献阅读改革的探索,对所阅读文献的内容,质量,侧重点等进行具体规划,并辅以凝练总结加以强化。团队多年来在教学模式中的探索与实践表明,通过5个部分对文献讲读因材施教,学生理论水平提升效果明显,对科研思维的培养也有较高的指导意义,为其学习专业领域知识及科研领域探索奠定更稳固的基础。本文结合团队多年来教学培养新模式中的探索经验,提出几点措施与建议,供大家参考。     

基于高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记及其在蛋鸡生产中的精准应用

高通量测序技术是研究物种复杂生物性状遗传机制的基础,随着高通量测序技术的不断优化提升,一些与生物表型性状密切相关的基因组变异被精准地挖掘出来,其中包括单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)、小片段的插入或缺失(Indel)、拷贝数变异(CNV)以及结构变异(SV)为代表的分子标记。与传统遗传标记相比较,分子遗传标记具有多态性高、遍布整个基因组、检测手段简单快捷以及成本低廉的特点。通过检测覆盖全基因组范围内的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体或群体遗传资源进行评估,能够缩短世代间隔、提高选种的准确性,进而在短期内取得较大的遗传进展。作者从高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记角度入手,综述了三代测序技术发展历程和应用领域以及三代分子遗传标记检测技术在蛋鸡种业创新中的应用,并详细阐述了高通量测序技术与分子遗传标记相结合在蛋鸡群体遗传多样性及进化分类、群体遗传图谱的构建和功能基因定位、数量性状形成的遗传机制解析和质量性状形成的遗传机制解析等4个方面的精准应用,以期为蛋鸡基因组选择进入实质应用阶段提供科学依据和指导。     

4个青贮玉米品种的青贮发酵品质及瘤胃降解特性的比较

为筛选出适合在苏中地区种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种,本试验对4个青贮玉米品种进行全株青贮,比较青贮品质和瘤胃降解特性。试验结果表明：‘雅玉8号’全株玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高(P<0.05),pH值、氨态氮含量和乙酸含量低于‘扬大109’(P<0.05)。全株玉米青贮的瘤胃干物质有效降解率由高到低依次为‘康源01号’(40.98%)、‘扬大109’(39.25%)、‘雅玉8号’(37.69%)和‘牧场06号’(35.29%)。瘤胃中性洗涤纤维有效降解率由高到低依次为‘扬大109’(29.91%)、‘雅玉8号’(28.75%)、‘牧场06号’(27.12%)和‘康源01号’(21.20%)。综上所述,在本试验选取的4个青贮玉米品种中,‘牧场06号’是最适宜在苏中地区推广种植的青贮玉米品种。     

提高益生素作用效果的研究进展

益生素具有无污染、无毒副、无药残等特点,是抗生素的良好替代品。但益生素作用效果还存在许多争议,加强其作用效果的研究迫在眉睫。目前,人们主要通过高效菌株的选育、复合益生素的开发与益生素有协同作用的饲料添加剂研究来提高益生素的功效。寻求与益生素有协同作用的饲料添加剂被认为是最有效的方法,而广泛的应用于生产实践中。     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

北方蚕业科研协作区第六批桑品种鉴定(陕西点)试验报告

2015—2016年对北方蚕业科研协作区4家单位的9个桑树新品种进行了共同鉴定。本批参鉴品种中,生长势旺、产叶量高、叶质好的品种有鲁插2号、鄂桑2号、陕桑9312、陕桑8826,其中鲁插2号叶片大而厚、发条力强,鄂桑2号节间密、片叶率高。     

艾叶水煎醇提液对肉兔血液及生化指标的影响

为研究艾叶水煎醇提液不同剂量对肉兔血液及生化指标的影响,将24只断奶体重相当的伊拉兔,随机分为A组、B组、C组和D组,每组6只,其中A组、B组、C组肉兔每天每只灌服艾叶水煎醇提液的量分别为2.0、3.0、4.0mL,D为生理盐水对照组,总灌胃量为4.0mL。结果显示,与D组比较,A组、B组、C组白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT,%)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、淋巴细胞/单核细胞百分比(LYMPH/MONO,%)和谷草转氨酶(AST)差异极显著(P0.01)。表明艾叶水煎醇提液可以显著提升肉兔血液中白细胞数量,对肉兔血清谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性有一定降低作用,具有提高动物机体免疫力的功效。     

四川白三叶根瘤菌遗传多样性及系统发育研究

为阐明四川部分地区野生白三叶根瘤菌的遗传多样性及系统发育地位,对分离自四川雅安、康定、泸定、西昌、成都和乐山6个地区白三叶根瘤的69株菌进行系统研究。采用16S rDNA限制性片段长度多态性分析(restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)和16S rDNA基因、持家基因(recA、atpD、glnII)、结瘤基因(nodC)、固氮基因(nifH)系统发育分析的方法进行了研究。结果表明,16S rDNA PCR-RFLP中所有供试菌株产生了4种酶切图谱类型,表现出较为丰富的遗传多样性。持家基因与16S rDNA基因系统发育分析结果基本一致,9株代表菌株主要分布在α-变形菌纲(Alpha-Proteobacteria)的根瘤菌属(Rhizobium),并与豌豆根瘤菌三叶草生物型(R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii) ATCC 14480^T的亲缘关系较近。PCR可扩增出nodC和nifH基因片段,但从属于土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)的菌株LS1105中则扩增不出这两个基因。所有供试菌株被鉴定到了种的水平,证实了68株为白三叶根瘤菌,并通过不同采样地点菌株之间的比较,发现白三叶与根瘤菌的共生关系因地理分布不同而具有多样性,对于丰富白三叶根瘤菌资源及其开发利用具有重要意义。