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101.
102.
Angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most economically important bean diseases in Africa. One promising control option for the disease is the use of mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties. This research evaluated (1) the reaction of farmer preferred bean varieties to ALS in the screenhouse and on-station and (2) the effect of different spatial arrangements of resistant and susceptible bean varieties on ALS disease development. For the latter, five mixture combinations and two controls were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design having three replicates. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSDs) were used to compare disease levels in both studies above. Varietal screening showed significant differences in varietal reaction to ALS. Screenhouse disease scores ranged between 0 and 5, compared to 0.7–3.9 in the field. For the varietal mixture trial, the lowest disease levels and the highest mixture efficiencies were observed for the combination of equal proportions of the susceptible and resistant varieties randomly mixed (even mixture) prior to planting. We conclude that even mixtures reduce the amount of ALS disease that develops in the season. 相似文献
103.
Summary Two German cultivars differing in blackspot susceptibility were grown in pots in 1998 and 1999 under control and water stress
conditions. Blackspot susceptibility of the tubers was defined as oxidative potential. The effect of free tyrosine, cysteine,
phenylalanine, chlorogenic and ascorbic acid on the oxidative potential was analyzed. A high concentration of ascorbic acid
led to a decrease in the oxidative potential after harvesting in 1998. No correlation was found between oxidative potential
and free tyrosine, phenylalanine or cysteine, respectively. Chlorogenic acid content increased during storage and gave a significant
correlation with discoloration, showing that it can have an effect on the oxidative potential of the tuber greater than previously
thought. Supplementing freeze-dried potato samples with pure chlorogenic acid increased the oxidative potential. Oxidative
potential seems to depend on a series of chemical compounds, and their content is affected by factors including annual variations,
cultivar, water availability and storage. 相似文献
104.
105.
Arrhenius G Asunmaa S Drever JI Everson J Fitzgerald RW Frazer JZ Fujita H Hanor JS Lal D Liang SS Macdougall D Reid AM Sinkankas J Wilkening L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):659-661
Phase chemistry, structure, and radiation effects were studied in rock, breccia, and soil samples. The regolith apparently developed in the final stages of accretion and was modified by later impact processes and radiation weathering. Exposure ages indicate transfer of buried igneous rock fragments to the near surface late in lunar history. With a few exceptions igneous rock fragments, soil, and breccia share the same distinctive chemistry, probably acquired before accretion of the moon. The igneous rocks texturally resemble basaltic achondrites, and the soil and breccias contain glassy spheres analogous to chondrules. 相似文献
106.
107.
W O Leshniowsky P R Dugan R M Pfister J I Frea C I Randles 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,169(949):993-995
Floc-forming bacteria isolated from Lake Erie adsorb and concentrate aldrin from colloidal dispersion so that the settling of the bacterial flocs removes aldrin from the water phase. Contemporary sediments forming in Lake Erie contain aldrin and could adsorb more. The sediments consist of a conglomerate floc of bacteria, diatoms, and inorganic and detrital particles. Flocculent bacteria also adsorb microparticulates, and this adsorption capacity represents a mechanism for sediment formation and for the removal of suspended particles including aldrin from the water column. 相似文献
108.
109.
The haematological effect of ethanolic extract of Allium ascalonicum was evaluated in male albino rats during a 21 day administration at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w, orally. Parameters evaluated include the serum lipids, red and white cell indices. The results showed that the extract administered decreased most of the parameters relating to red cell and increased most of those parameters relating to white cells. It also decreased the total cholesterol (TCH), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) with no significant effect on the triglyceride levels. 相似文献
110.
Rachel E. Creamer Pat Bellamy Helaina I. J. Black Clare M. Cameron Colin D. Campbell Paul Chamberlain Jim Harris Nisha Parekh Mark Pawlett Jan Poskitt Dote Stone Karl Ritz 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):623-633
The use of indicators in soil monitoring schemes to detect changes in soil quality is receiving increased attention, particularly
the application of soil biological methods. However, to date, the ability to compare information from different laboratories
applying soil microbiological techniques in broad-scale monitoring has rarely been taken into account. This study aimed to
assess the consistency and repeatability of two techniques that are being evaluated for use as microbiological indicators
of soil quality: multi-enzyme activity assay and multiple substrate-induced respiration (MSIR). Data were tested for intrinsic
(within-assay plate) variation, inter-laboratory repeatability (geometric mean regression and correlation coefficient) and
land-use discrimination (principal components analysis). Intrinsic variation was large for both assays suggesting that high
replicate numbers are required. Inter-laboratory repeatability showed diverging patterns for the enzyme assay and MSIR. Discrimination
of soils was significant for both techniques with relatively consistent patterns; however, combined laboratory discrimination
analyses for each technique showed inconsistent correspondence between the laboratories. These issues could be addressed through
the adoption of reliable analytical standards for biological methods along with adequate replication. However, until the former
is addressed, dispersed analyses are not currently advisable for monitoring schemes. 相似文献