Genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus-New Jersey from the 1995 outbreak in the western United States

OBJECTIVE: To compare molecular associations between the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-New Jersey isolates of the 1995 outbreak with those from previous outbreaks between 1982 and 1985 in the western United States. SAMPLE POPULATION: 23 virus isolates considered representative of the 1995 outbreak of vesicular stomatitis. PROCEDURE: Viral gene coding for surface-envelope protein G was evaluated by use of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Changes in up to 0.77% of the nucleotide bases and 1.35% of the amino acids were detected among the 1995 viral isolates, whereas changes in up to 3.2 and 2.9% of the nucleotides and amino acids, respectively, were found, compared with the 1982 to 1985 viruses. Insertions or deletions were not found in the entire gene, which spanned 1,554 nucleotide bases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 1995 VSV-New Jersey belongs to a lineage distinct from that of the 1982 to 1985 viruses that caused previous outbreaks in the western United States. Furthermore, it also is distinct from strains from Central America and from the Georgian Hazelhurst strain.     

设施农业介质消毒技术与设备的现状和发展

针对设施农业高密度栽培及同一地块上连年种植作物,使得土传病害、病原菌得以不断的积累、生长和繁殖而造成严重减产或降低产品质量的问题,论述了栽培介质消毒技术与设备的国内外应用现状,介绍了当前常用栽培介质消毒方法及设备的原理与研究成果,指出了不同消毒方法及设备所存在的问题及适用状况;分析和讨论了设施农业栽培介质消毒设备的技术发展.作为设施农业代表性的核心装备之一,高度机械化、无污染、高新技术的运用是其主要的发展趋势.     

Comparative study of the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (Avena sativa L.)

The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (Aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger) on total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of four subfractions of oat, namely, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, and water, and compare them to their corresponding subfractions of unfermented oat. The TPC and total flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in EA subfractions (p < 0.05). The levels of antioxidant activity of subfractions were also significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activities were also found in the EA subfractions. The polyphenols in EA were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 280 nm. Most polyphenols were increased remarkably, especially ferulic and caffeic acids. There was a clear correlation between the TPC and antioxidant activity. In conclusion, fungi fermentation is a potential bioprocess for increasing the TPC, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of oat-based food.     

采摘茎尖次数对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号薯块产量及品质的影响

2007年夏季,在一般大田常规栽培条件下,通过分期采摘茎尖的方法,对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号的薯块产量和品质进行了研究。结果表明：⑴随着采摘茎尖次数的增加,薯块产量呈直线函数降低,其曲线方程为Y=-2009.6X＋35776（R2=0.9417﹡﹡）。⑵不同品质性状受采摘茎尖次数的影响存在明显差异,可溶性糖变异最大,淀粉、蛋白质和烘干率变异较大,脂肪、纤维和维生素C变异较小,灰分变异最小。⑶采摘茎尖3次时,烘干率、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉和纤维含量均居首位,可溶性糖含量居第二位,维生素C含量居第四位,薯块的综合品质达到最优,这时薯块实际产量为29527.5kg/hm^2,占对照薯块实际产量的84.6%,可以作为最佳采摘次数。     

新疆农林牧渔综合机械化作业水平评价体系

为全面评价新疆农业机械化作业水平,根据新疆农、林、牧、渔各业机械化发展实际情况,建立新疆农、林、牧、渔各业综合机械化作业水平的评价指标体系,对本体系的评价范围进行了定义,分别确定了种植业、林果业、畜牧养殖业、水产养殖业和设施农业（特制设施种植业）各业评价的关键作业环节及各环节的权重,提出各业在综合评价指标中权重的确定方法,给出综合评价指标体系的计算公式。      

对发展农业工程教育的思考

农业工程学科要适应传统农业向现代农业发展的需要,适应农业以高新技术改造传统农业的的需要,缩小传统农业工程的规模,发展农业生物系统工程与农业信息技术;农业机械的自动化技术;精细农业生产体系;农业生产的产前、产后生产体系;设施农业工程技术;园艺业作物生产机械与技术;农业生产的现代化管理等等.各院校应结合自己的条件,办出自己的农业工程学科特色,加大教材建设的力度,加大国际交流.     

梅江盆地叶塘组紫色岩上发育土壤的物理性质研究

采用野外调查、取样和室内实验分析相结合的方法,研究了梅江盆地白垩系上统叶塘组（Kyt^2）紫色岩上土壤物理性质特征扣差异,结果表明：叶塘组紫色岩母质发育的土壤粘粒含量低而砂粒含量高,具有容重较大,比重相对偏小,孔隙度不高,自然含水量偏低的特点。从丘顶、丘腰到丘脚,土层逐渐增厚,土壤粘粒含量逐渐增加,砂粒含量逐渐减少,容重递增而比重减小。孔隙度表现出丘顶〉丘腰〉丘脚的趋势,含水量则表现出丘顶〈丘腰〈丘脚的趋势。针对情况,提出相应建议以维护紫色土利用的可持续发展。     

用计算机随机模拟方法研究水田土壤圆锥指数

本文将计算机机模拟法应用到估计水田土壤锥指数所需抽样容量的研究中，是一次新的偿试，结果表明，对服从威布尔分布的水田土壤圆锥指数，正态分布的抽样容量公式仍然适用。在具有统计性质的农业工程领域的问题中。计算机随机模拟方法作为实际试验的补充。能大减少费时费饯的试验次数，有着广泛的应用前景。     

台湾本地种梅树的需冷量评估

台湾本地种梅树需冷量的评估方法是在本所比较桃关键栽培种（Ｋｅｙｃｕｌｔｉｖａｒｓ）与待评估梅品种间的花期早晚．由此方法评估结果暂定‘万山’及‘胭脂’梅的需冷量为１００个低温单位（ｃｈｉｌｕｎｉｔ,ＣＵ）,‘大青’、‘房炳雄’及‘桃形’梅约８０ＣＵ,‘山连’约７０ＣＵ．目前（１９９８年）正累积更多调查数据（已调查５ａ）,以“试误法”进行梅树低温需求量电脑模式化的探讨     

杧果切叶象生物学特性及治理措施

杧果切叶象(Deporaus marginatus Pascoe)专一为害杧果(Mangiferaindica L.)嫩叶。该虫在云南一年发生3～4代,世代重叠显著,生活史较为复杂。主要以幼虫和极少数成虫越冬。卵期2～3天;幼虫3龄,1～3龄历期分别是1～2、2～3和4～5天;蛹期10～14天;成虫期7～15天。成虫平均寿命114天。雌成虫将产有卵的嫩叶自叶片近基部处整齐咬断而使果树落叶,甚至秃枝。为害盛期5～10月。雨湿条件对该虫的发生程度和为害周期有重要影响。旱季翻耕园地、雨季拾毁切落叶以及药剂挑治可收到良好的防治效果。