Comparing recombinant MPB70/SahH and native 20-kDa protein for detecting bovine tuberculosis using ELISA

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Test-and-cull protocols and gross pathological examinations of abattoir animals as well as milk pasteurization have been implemented to prevent the spread of tuberculosis from animals to humans worldwide. Despite the importance of precise and rapid diagnostic tests, conventional methods including intradermal skin tests and γ-interferon assays are limited by the high rate of false-negative results for cattle in the late infectious stage and due to laborious and time-consuming procedures. Therefore, antibody detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are urgently needed to supplement the established approaches and expand the diagnostic window. This study was conducted to develop a bTB ELISA by evaluating recombinant and native proteins and various assay parameters. We produced recombinant MPB70 and SahH (M70S) and a native 20-kDa protein (20K) and optimized the ELISA protocol. The 20K ELISA showed 94.4% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity with an optimal sample-to-positive ratio cut-off of 0.531. The sensitivity and specificity of M70S ELISA were 94.4% and 97.3%, respectively, with an optimal sample-to-negative ratio cut-off of 1.696. Both assays showed acceptable diagnostic efficiency and could be used for bTB diagnosis in combination with established methods for herd screening and to expand the diagnostic window.     

绵羊FecB基因打靶载体构建

利用peGFP-C1,pRET.IL.PGK-TK和pMD19-T Simple等基本质粒,构建绵羊FecB基因打靶载体。以克隆载体pMD19-T Simple为载体骨架,插入一个正选择标记eGFP基因、一个负选择标记基因HSV-tk基因,并在eGFP基因两侧各添加一个同源长臂和同源短臂,从而构建绵羊FecB基因打靶载体。结果:经多个限制性内切核酸酶酶切鉴定和测序证实,所构建的基因打靶载体符合设计要求,表明成功构建了绵羊FecB基因打靶载体。     

大型精密仪器的管理与使用

介绍了农业分析室在大型精密仪器的管理与使用方面的具体做法。管理方面应注重简化体制，注重人才队伍建设，并建立相应的有偿使用制度；使用上则应努力做到教学、科研、生产相结合；并提出了常抓不懈、改变观念等几点有效管理大型精密仪器、充分发挥其功能的想法。只有科学地管理，才能充分发挥人、财、物的最佳效益。     

How much do soil and water contribute to the composition of meat? A case study: meat from three areas of Argentina

The main goal of this study was to propose a reliable method to verify the geographical origin of meat, establishing the influence of soil and water on its isotopic and elemental composition. Thus, beef meat, soil, and water samples were collected from three major cattle-producing regions of Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Entre Ríos). Multielemental composition was determined on these three matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), δ(13)C and δ(15)N by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), and the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Soil and drinking water samples could be characterized and clearly differentiated by combining the isotopic ratios and elements, demonstrating differences in geology and climatic conditions of three regions. Similarly, meat originating at each sampling area was characterized and differentiated using only five key variables (Rb, Ca/Sr, δ(13)C, δ(15)N, and (87)Sr/(86)Sr). Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA), using the three studied matrices (soil, water, and meat) shows consensus between them and clear differences between studied areas. Furthermore, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) demonstrates significant correlation between the chemical-isotopic profile of meat with those corresponding to both soil and water (r(2) = 0.93, p < 0.001; and r(2) = 0.83, p < 0.001, respectively). So far, there are clear coincidences between the meat fingerprint and those from soil/water where cattle grew, presenting a good method to establish beef provenance. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report linking the influence of soil and water all together on the composition of beef, presenting the basis for the authentication of Argentinean beef, which could be extended to meat from different provenances.     

宝坻山药种植方式比较

通过对宝坻山药进行高畦种植、平畦种植、低畦种植(对照)和打沟种植4种种植方式的试验比较,结果表明,打沟种植宝坻山药虽然块茎产品最长,产量较高,但由于产品畸形率较高,不适宜在该地区使用;相对于高畦种植宝坻山药来说,平畦种植和低畦种植的山药块茎产量较低、品质较差,不适宜使用;高畦种植是比较适宜的宝坻山药种植方式。     

不同锌肥追肥量对温室小果型西瓜产量及品质的影响

为研究锌肥在小果型西瓜上的应用效果,以温室种植小果型西瓜金彩为试验材料,设计不同用量硫酸锌肥处理（每667 m²每次分别追施0.75、1.00、1.25 kg,全生育期共追4次）,比较分析西瓜生长指标、生理指标及效益。结果表明：在本试验条件下,每667 m²每次追施硫酸锌肥0.75 kg为最佳施用量,其小果型西瓜植株茎秆粗壮,果实商品性优且产量高,与不施硫酸锌肥对照相比,株高、主蔓茎粗、边糖和心糖含量分别增加6.81%、49.84%、13.68%和11.11%,667 m²产量和纯收入分别提高10.44%和11.72%。追施锌肥投入成本低,增加收益较多,但要注意适量施肥,过量会导致产量和品质下降。     

嘧菌酯对马铃薯早疫病最低有效防控剂量的研究

由茄链格孢霉[Alternaria solani(Ell.et Mart.)Jones et Grout.]引致的马铃薯早疫病是世界马铃薯产区普遍发生的病害,喷施杀菌剂是防治马铃薯早疫病的常用手段。为探索减少杀菌剂嘧菌酯施用剂量对马铃薯早疫病防治效果,2018~2019年进行了嘧菌酯对马铃薯早疫病最低有效防控剂量的田间试验。试验在3个地理区域(乌兰察布市凉城县、临汾市蒲县、呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯市)完成,分别代表了不同气候、栽培和耕作特点。每个地点的2次施药分别在7月末和8月初进行,间隔7~10 d。250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂有效剂量112.5 g/hm2处理,在第2次施药后14 d的防效达80%以上,此施药量为嘧菌酯对马铃薯早疫病最低有效防控剂量,比该农药登记推荐剂量(有效剂量150.0~187.5 g/hm²)减少用药25.00%~40.00%。研究结果可指导马铃薯早疫病防治农药减施和精准施药。     

Nearly singular magnetic fluctuations in the normal state of a high-Tc cuprate superconductor

Polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering was used to measure the wave vector- and frequency-dependent magnetic fluctuations in the normal state (from the superconducting transition temperature, Tc = 35 kelvin, up to 350 kelvin) of single crystals of La1.86Sr0.14CuO4. The peaks that dominate the fluctuations have amplitudes that decrease as T-2 and widths that increase in proportion to the thermal energy, kBT (where kB is Boltzmann's constant), and energy transfer added in quadrature. The nearly singular fluctuations are consistent with a nearby quantum critical point.     

冷却肉辐照保鲜HACCP体系的建立

通过分析冷却肉辐照保鲜过程中相关环节可能出现的潜在危害,制定了冷却肉辐照保鲜过程 H ACCP计划,确定了关键控制点及其关键限值,构建了冷却肉辐照保鲜 H ACCP质量管理体系。     

西鄂尔多斯天然荒漠灌丛光合生态适应性

为了探究西鄂尔多斯地区荒漠灌丛的光合生态适应性,以4种天然荒漠灌丛半日花(Helianthemum songaricum)、红砂(Reaumuria songarica)、沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)、霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)为研究材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪野外原位测定荒漠灌丛日光合动态和季节动态规律。结果表明:①不同季节灌丛光合作用适宜的温度存在差异,高温环境使灌丛净光合速率最适温度升高,低温环境使其降低。②不同季节4种灌丛的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度日变化曲线趋势为"双峰形",胞间CO2浓度日变化曲线趋势为"W形",但不同季节各指标平均日变化趋势表现各异。③不同季节灌丛净光合能力表现为:沙冬青>霸王>红砂>半日花,说明沙冬青具有较强的生态适应性。④净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化趋势几乎保持同步状态,表明4种灌丛叶片气孔对外界环境变化反应敏感。⑤水分是限制荒漠灌丛生长发育的关键因素。为了保证荒漠植物的群落稳定性和生物多样性,在夏、秋季需对沙冬青、半日花、红砂和霸王进行水分管理。