Consumers’ Perceived Differences between Wild and Farmed Fish: A Survey Study in Turkey

This study investigated consumers’ motivations and perceptions of fish obtained from different production methods, namely wild or farmed. Data were collected from 526 consumers via face-to-face interviews in the seven regions of Turkey. A logistic regression model was designed for the consumers of different fish production methods. Results of the study demonstrate that consumers perceive wild and farmed fish differently. Furthermore, consumers have different perceptions of the following factors that also effect consumption: convenience, variety, origin, confidence, accessibility, freshness, and reliability.     

Effects of dietary Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil on growth,haematology and immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel on growth performance and health status of European sea bass juveniles (5.10 + 0.05 g). Test diets supplemented with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% bergamot peel oil (BPO₀, BPO_0.5, BPO₁ and BPO₂) were fed to experimental fish for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the best growth performance was obtained in the BPO_0.5 and BPO₁ groups (p < .05). No significances were found for haematological parameters including red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration at the end of the feeding experiment. There were significant differences between the total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (p < .05) between the BPO0.5 and BPO1 supplemented groups and the control group with no BPO addition. The addition of BPO showed significant differences in immune parameters such as lysozyme activity, total myeloperoxidase content, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity between BPO₀ and BPO supplemented groups (p < .05). It might be concluded that dietary addition of 0.5%‐1% BPO could increase the growth performance and feed utilization with improved health status in sea bass juveniles.     

新疆长绒棉育成品种演变趋势及综合评价

为挖掘新疆长绒棉已育成品种的特异性状及遗传潜力,选用38个2010—2019年育成的长绒棉品种为材料,应用系统聚类和灰色关联度等方法对其产量水平、早熟性情况、农艺性状、品质性状及抗病表现进行分析。结果表明:38个长绒棉育成品种的产量均高于同期对照,皮棉产量为1 778.75 kg/hm²,平均增产达12.39%。生育期平均为136.82 d,霜前花率平均为93.74%。通过灰色关联度分析,7个农艺性状与38个育成品种皮棉产量的关联度由高到低为铃重>衣分>子指>株高>始节位>果枝数>铃数。育成品种纤维长度变幅为36.4~41.4 mm,纤维长度≥37 mm的品种有32个,占育成品种总数的84.21%;断裂比强度变幅为42.8~48.8 cN/tex;马克隆值变幅为3.6~4.5;整齐度指数变幅为87.4%~90.1%。年际间枯萎病病情指数变幅在0.05~10.68,38个品种均为高抗、抗和耐枯萎病类型;属高抗黄萎病(病情指数≤10.0)的品种有17个,约占育成品种的一半。将38份长绒棉品种的7个农艺性状和4个纤维品质性状进行了聚类分析并划分成了4个不同类群。综上,2010—2019年育成品种产量总体趋势表现较为平稳;生育期呈现出逐年缩短的趋势;霜前花率总体表现为逐年升高趋势。通过灰色关联度分析,发现铃重、衣分与皮棉产量的关联度最大,关联系数达到0.79。长绒棉育成品种纤维长度呈现逐年增长趋势;断裂比强度、马克隆值和整齐度指数均无较大突破,但维持在了较高水平。38个育成品种分属高抗、抗或耐枯萎病类别;黄萎病病情指数呈现逐年降低的趋势。通过聚类分析将38个育成品种分成了4类,第Ⅰ类主要属于植株高度较高的品种,第Ⅱ类主要属于衣分较高的品种,第Ⅲ类主要属于铃重较大的品种,第Ⅳ类主要属于植株高度较矮的品种,生产中可根据特定育种目标选择杂交亲本进行改良。     

机采棉主要农艺性状相关性分析和QTL定位

[目的]分析机械化采收棉花(以下简称机采棉)主要农艺性状之间的相关性和QTL定位.[方法]利用机采棉新陆早33号和陆地棉遗传标准系TM-1杂交的F2群体,分析出苗-现蕾、现蕾-开花、开花-吐絮天数及生育期等物候性状和株高、果枝始节、第一果枝高度、叶片大小、节间长度等农艺性状之间的相关性以及QTL定位分析.[结果]株高、果枝始节、叶片大小、出苗-现蕾、现蕾-开花与第-果枝高度呈极显著或显著正相关,节间长度、开花-吐絮、生育期与第一果枝高度正负相关不显著.用复合区间作图法检测到5个QTL.检测到控制第一果枝高度的QTL 3个,位于在Chr5,可解释表型变异为0.04; ～8.18;;在此染色体还检测到控制果枝始节的1个QTL位点,解释的表型变异率为0.01;,在LG02连锁群上检测到了控制出苗-现蕾的1个QTL位点,解释的表型变异率为12.64;.[结论]通过机采棉品种新陆早33号F2群体进行QTL定位共获得了控制3个机采棉性状的5个QTL位点,覆盖的遗传距离为142.05 cM,机采棉农艺性状的相关性及QTL的研究为提高机采棉育种效率提供初步技术信息.     

Mutualism among sessile invertebrates: a mediator of competition and predation

Hydroids of the genus Zanclea are epizoic on encrusting bryozoans. The bryozoans protect these hydroids with skeletal material. Zanclea polyps on the bryozoan Celleporaria brunnea sting small predators and adjacent competitors, helping Celleporaria to survive and to grow over competing species. This mutualism enables the two species to cover a larger area than they could individually.     

Obstbau im Sudan—unter Berücksichtigung von Wildobst

The availability of land and water resources in a diversity of climatic zones provides Sudan with a vast potential to produce many tropical and subtropical fruits. Bananas, dates, guavas, mangos, and citrus are the major fruits produced on a commercial scale. Fruit growing is mostly limited to enterprises ranging from 1–40 ha. Fruits of indigenous wild fruit species play an important role in the diet of people in the savanna belt, especially during famines and food shortages. Local varieties are grown in many fruit-producing areas. They are well adapted to the local environment but of low-to-medium market quality and productivity. Research and international cooperation are necessary and promising for future development of the fruit-producing sector in Sudan.     

Disposition kinetics of tylosin administered intravenously and intramuscularly in desert sheep and Nubian goats

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of tylosin was compared in five Desert sheep and five Nubian goats. The animals were given a single dose of 20% tylosin (15 mg/kg), either intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.). Following i.v. administration, the volumes of distribution and the elimination half-life times were similar in both species, whereas in goats a greater volume of the central compartment and faster clearance were observed. For the i.m. route, similar pharmacokinetics were observed in both species. The bioavailability (f) of the drug in goats (0.84 +/- 0.11) was not significantly higher than that in sheep (0.73 +/- 0.08). The present study has shown that, despite the significant differences in some of the drug pharmacokinetic parameters between sheep and goats for the i.v. route, identical intravenous and intramuscular dosage regimens of tylosin may be recommended for the two species.     

Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects

Growing muscle tissue in culture from animal stem cells to produce meat theoretically eliminates the need to sacrifice animals. So-called "cultured" or "synthetic" or "in vitro" meat could in theory be constructed with different characteristics and be produced faster and more efficiently than traditional meat. The technique to generate cultured muscle tissues from stem cells was described long ago, but has not yet been developed for the commercial production of cultured meat products. The technology is at an early stage and prerequisites of implementation include a reasonably high level of consumer acceptance, and the development of commercially-viable means of large scale production. Recent advancements in tissue culture techniques suggest that production may be economically feasible, provided it has physical properties in terms of colour, flavour, aroma, texture and palatability that are comparable to conventional meat. Although considerable progress has been made during recent years, important issues remain to be resolved, including the characterization of social and ethical constraints, the fine-tuning of culture conditions, and the development of culture media that are cost-effective and free of animal products. Consumer acceptance and confidence in in vitro produced cultured meat might be a significant impediment that hinders the marketing process.