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41.
The composition of 79 samples of straw ash from seven heating plants in Sweden was analysed with the aim of evaluating straw ash as a fertilizer and liming agent. The variation in ash composition was explained mainly by ash fraction (bottom ash vs. fly ash) and straw type (wheat, barley, rye, rape) but also by heating plant. Compared with concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in bottom ash, levels in fly ash were 10–90 times higher. Fly ash also contained more Cu and K compared with bottom ash. The Cd/P ratio was 0.03 in bottom ash and 0.6 g Cd/kg P in fly ash. Ash from rape straw had a higher Ca content and liming effect compared with ash from cereal straw: e.g., the liming effect of rape ash was more than three times higher than that of wheat ash. The liming effect varied between 3.5 and 44% CaO and depended mainly on the Ca content. The average P content was 1.7% (0.2–4.4%), with slightly higher concentration in rape ash than in wheat ash. The potential for using straw ash as a fertilizer and liming agent is discussed. Compared with commercial fertilizers the use of bottom ash as a P fertilizer results in a lower addition of Cd. However, the total heavy metal content of straw ash poses a potential problem. 相似文献
42.
Young-Bum SON Yeon Ik JEONG Mohammad Shamim HOSSEIN Per Olof OLSSON Gyeongmin KIM Yeon Woo JEONG Woo Suk HWANG 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(9):1448
Several studies have reported methods to estimate the parturition date of dogs using ultrasonographic measurements. However, these prediction models were mainly determined using ultrasonographic measurements of naturally pregnant small- and medium-sized dogs, and no such studies have been performed using dogs carrying cloned fetuses produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer. The present study evaluated the abilities of three reference formulas (Luvoni and Grioni, Milani et al., and Groppetti et al.), all of which were developed using data from naturally occurring pregnancies, to accurately predict the parturition date in surrogates carrying cloned German Shepherd (GS) fetuses. All three formulas were based on the use of inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) measurements, obtained via ultrasonography. For evaluation, a total of 54 ICC measurements were collected from 14 pregnant bitches carrying cloned GS fetuses. We found that the clinical accuracy of the breed-specific Groppetti et al. formula was highest among those of the three formulas tested, with 87% and 100% of the estimated parturition dates (calculated based on the ICC measurements) being within 1 and 2 days, respectively, of the actual delivery date. By contrast, the Luvoni and Grioni formula showed relatively low accuracy, and the Milani et al. formula showed higher accuracy than that reported previously for natural pregnancies. 相似文献
43.
Edward P. Farrell S.Ingvar Nilsson Gunnar Wiklander Carl Olof Tamm 《Forest Ecology and Management》1984,8(1):41-57
The retention of applied 35S was studied in a lysimeter experiment, in which the lysimeters, consisting of soil columns with intact field and groundlayer vegetation, had previously been treated with either sulphuric acid, NPK or a combination of sulphuric acid and NPK.35S was applied as Na235SO4 to all lysimeters in an amount corresponding to 2 kg S ha?1, 3 months before the termination of the experiment. Of the applied 35S, 4.7 ± 1.6% (the error term showing the standard error of the mean) was leached from the lysimeters; 35SO42?, was preferentially sorbed in the upper part of the B horizon, >61% being sorbed in the B horizon as a whole. The influence of previous treatments was seen in SO42? content in the B horizon and also in the SO42? concentrations in the leachates from the lysimeters. Sorption of 35SO42? was enhanced by the acid treatment in the A0 and A1/A2 horizons. Ratios between water-extractable SO42? and KCl-extractable SO42? varied from 0.88 in the A1/A2 horizon to 0.46 in the lower part of the B horizon, indicating a preferential sorption of less available SO42? fractions in that part of the soil.Significant positive correlations between soil organic carbon and various sulphur fractions, both labelled and unlabelled, indicated the importance of biological S transformations in the A0 and A1/A2 horizons.Positive correlations between KCl-extractable Al and KCl-extractable SO42? were found in the B horizon. Equilibrium calculations suggested that the SO42? activity and Al3+ activity in leachates from control and acidified lysimeters were within the stability fields of basaluminite (Al4(OH)10SO4), activities in leachates from the latter group of lysimeters, also being close to jurbanite (Al(OH)SO4). 相似文献
44.
Lotta Hedkvist Stefan Hglund Karin Persson Olof Holmberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1989,30(1):103-105
Plasmin is a serin protease with a broad substrate specificity which might cause disintegration of basal membranes, epithelium and surrounding matrix. Plasmin might also elicit degradation of tissue (Mullins & Rohrlich 1983). 相似文献
45.
Disturbance is a key factor affecting plant species richness and it has been hypothesized that species richness reaches a peak some time after disturbance occurs. Managed boreal forests are characterized by large scale disturbance in the form of clear-cuttings, which partly resembles natural disturbance regimes. The young stands however, which may be important to many plants, are often homogenous and dense compared to naturally regenerated stands. We examined previously unstudied effects of disturbance, succession and management practices on plant species richness in boreal forests. Survey data covering the northern and central parts of Sweden (4465 plots) were used to compare species richness and composition in four stand maturity classes—“cutting”, “young”, “pre-mature” and “mature”, and two fertility classes—“rich” and “poor”. In addition, the effect of thinning was examined in young and pre-mature forests. 相似文献
46.
Malin Nilsson Olof Wahlberg Ljusk Ola Eriksson 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(4):320-326
Interactions between value-creating activities are vital to increasing product value. Information sharing is a cornerstone of such interactions. For a forest-owning company with the primary objective to be leading in selling roundwood to forest industries, it appears therefore crucial that the sales people within a forest company have up-to-date knowledge about the forest in planning their sales, and that the forest knowledge is presented in a format that is suitable for them. To investigate if this is the case, a study was conducted at Sveaskog, a large Swedish forest-owning company. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with respondents from different levels in the organization. The results show that most sales managers did not directly use the knowledge about the forests when planning their sales; instead, they relied on historical data and had low trust in the knowledge presented in the tactical forest plan. The study pinpoints the organizational obstacles for using forest information in sales planning. These obstacles need to be addressed if more sophisticated information made available through new technology is to be utilized. 相似文献
47.
Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel was used to investigate the antibody response of experimentally infected heifers and of naturally infected heifers and dry cows at grass with mastitis against soluble extracellular antigens of Peptococcus indolicus. Using both precipitin titres and precipitin scores (the sum of precipitin titres against individual antigens) rising titres of antibodies against antigend of P. indolicus were demonstrated in sera from experimentally infected pregnant and non-pregnant heifers. Statistically significant differences in precipitin scores against extracellular antigens were also shown between pregnant heifers with mastitis and healthy pregnant heifers and between dry cows with mastitis and health dry cows. The biochemical nature of the principal reactive antigens was not elucidated. These serological investigations lend strong support to the pathogenic role and significance of P. indolicus in mixed infections with Corynebacterium pyogenes in the aetiology of heifer and dry cow mastitis. 相似文献
48.
49.
Stein I. Thoresen Jon M. Arnemo Olof Liberg 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(2):224-229
Background: Scandinavian free‐ranging wolves (Canis lupus) are endangered, such that laboratory data to assess their health status is increasingly important. Although wolves have been studied for decades, most biological information comes from captive animals. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to establish reference intervals for 30 clinical chemical and 8 hematologic analytes in Scandinavian free‐ranging wolves. Methods: All wolves were tracked and chemically immobilized from a helicopter before examination and blood sampling in the winter of 7 consecutive years (1998–2004). Seventy‐nine blood samples were collected from 57 gray wolves, including 24 juveniles (24 samples), 17 adult females (25 samples), and 16 adult males (30 samples). Whole blood and serum samples were stored at refrigeration temperature for 1–3 days before hematologic analyses and for 1–5 days before serum biochemical analyses. Reference intervals were calculated as 95% confidence intervals except for juveniles where the minimum and maximum values were used. Results: Significant differences were observed between adult and juvenile wolves for RBC parameters, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activities, and total protein, albumin, γ‐globulins, cholesterol, creatinine, calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphate, and sodium concentrations. Conclusion: Compared with published reference values for captive wolves, reference intervals for free‐ranging wolves reflected exercise activity associated with capture (higher creatine kinase activity, higher glucose concentration), and differences in nutritional status (higher urea concentration). 相似文献