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31.
Koichiro Shimomura Mitsuhiro Sugiyama Yoichi Kawazu Yosuke Yoshioka 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):326
Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ex Fr. Poll.), is one of the most economically important foliar diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber parental line ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’, developed from weedy cucumber line CS-PMR1, is highly resistant to powdery mildew and is promising breeding material. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) in a population from a cross between ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’ and the Japanese native cultivar ‘Kaga-aonaga-fushinari’, which is susceptible to powdery mildew. The resistance of the population and its parents was evaluated using leaf disc assays and image analysis. We detected one major QTL on Chr. 5 that was effective at both 20°C and 25°C and one minor QTL on Chr. 1 effective at 20°C. We detected two additional QTLs in subpopulation: one on Chr. 3 effective at 20°C and one on Chr. 5 effective at both 20°C and 25°C in a position different from the major QTL. The resistance alleles at all four QTLs were contributed by ‘Kyuri Chukanbohon Nou 5 Go’. The results of this study can be used to develop practical DNA markers tightly linked to genes for powdery mildew resistance. 相似文献
32.
Masaki Okamura Yoichi Hashida Tatsuro Hirose Ryu Ohsugi 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(2):309-314
Sugar content in rice (Oryza sativa L.) stem is an agronomically important trait for rice used in straw silage or whole-crop silage. However, the mechanisms underlying sugar accumulation in rice stems remain unclear, mainly due to the time-consuming method for measuring sugar content. Here, we established a simple method for squeezing stem juice from rice plants, similar to that used during breeding selection in sugarcane or sorghum. The Brix value of the stem juice, which can easily be measured using a portable refractometer, significantly correlated with the soluble sugar contents in the stem juice and tended to correlate with those in stem tissues. This indicates that the Brix value of the stem juice can be used for estimating the sugar content in rice stems. This simple estimation method will be a useful tool for high-throughput analysis of sugar content in rice stems during mutant screening, QTL analysis, and breeding selection. 相似文献
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35.
The membrane‐type estrogen receptor G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin 6 via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway in murine macrophage cells
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Mariko Okamoto Takuto Suzuki Yoichi Mizukami Teruo Ikeda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(11):1870-1879
The female sex hormone estrogen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been recently identified as a novel membrane‐type estrogen receptor that can mediate non‐genomic estrogenic effects on many cell types. We previously demonstrated that GPER inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) through repression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) promoter activity using human breast cancer cells. Although several reports have indicated that GPER suppresses Toll‐like receptor‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of cytokine production via GPER remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined GPER‐mediated inhibition of IL‐6 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in a mouse macrophage cell line. We found that the GPER agonist G‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced IL‐6 expression in macrophage cells, and this inhibition was due to the repression of NF‐κB promoter activity by GPER. G‐1 treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinases. Among the mitogen‐activated protein kinases, the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was increased by G‐1. These findings delineate the novel mechanism of the inhibition of LPS‐induced IL‐6 through GPER‐activated JNK‐mediated negative regulation of the NF‐κB pathway in murine macrophage cells, which links anti‐inflammatory effects to estrogen. 相似文献
36.
The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) has a differing conceptual framework from the Japanese Society of Pathology (JSP) and Japanese Society of Toxicology (JST) and was founded in 1985 by the leadership of late Dr. Yasukazu Nishiyama with the cooperation of several founding members and the support of JSP. The aim of the JSTP is to improve the human and animal health using an interdisciplinary scientific approach based on pathology and toxicology. In its development as a professional society, the JSTP has established society rules and activities. The JSTP has grown in terms of membership and financial aspects and is now recognized not only domestically but also internationally as a well-organized scientific society. To maintain the high professional standard and visibility of JSTP, we here provide the historical background of the society as a basis for current members to contribute to the continued improvement of our scientific organization. 相似文献
37.
Makoto Shinohara Chihiro Aoyama Kazuki Fujiwara Atsunori Watanabe Hiromi Ohmori Yoichi Uehara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):190-203
Hydroponics is an excellent technique for the cultivation of vegetable crops and other plants, but organic fertilizers cannot be used in conventional hydroponic systems, which generally use only inorganic fertilizers, because organic compounds in the hydroponic solutions generally have phytotoxic effects that lead to poor plant growth. Few microorganisms are present in hydroponic solutions to mineralize the organic compounds into inorganic nutrients. In this article a novel and practical hydroponic culture method that uses microorganisms to degrade organic fertilizer in the hydroponic solution has been developed. Soil microorganisms were cultured by regulating the amounts of organic fertilizer and inoculum, with moderate aeration. The microorganisms mineralized organic nitrogen via ammonification and nitrification into nitrate at an efficiency of 97.6%. The culture solution containing the microorganisms was usable as a hydroponic solution, and organic fertilizer could be directly added to it during vegetable cultivation. Vegetables grew well in the organic hydroponic system. Organic hydroponics based on this method is therefore a practical tool for the utilization of organic sources of fertilizer. 相似文献
38.
Maria Portia P. Briones Kohji Hori Milagrosa R. Martinez-Goss Genji Ishibashi Takuo Okita 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(4):287-294
The physical properties, amount of oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances (OOSS), protein and in vitro protein digestibility
ofNostoc commune from the Philippines and Japan were determined. The samples were the spherical type from the Philippines (PS), the dry field
discoid type from the Philippines (PD), and the dry field discoid type from Japan (JD). The discoid types, PD and JD, regardless
of origin showed higher settling volume in water (SV) and bulk density than PS. The OOSS values obtained for all samples were
directly related to SV and bulk density. The WHC level was highest in PS. This desirable characteristic makes PS a technologically
potential sample for large-scale food production applications in the future. Protein and in vitro protein digestibility varied
significantly among all samples. In general, the algal samples examined posses desirable physical properties which are expected
to be related to physiological functions. 相似文献
39.
Shigeharu TAKEUCHI Yasufumi HIKICHI Yoichi KAWADA Tetsuro OKUNO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(2):153-158
A method for detecting tobamoviruses from field soils was developed using non-precoated indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (Id-ELISA). Absorbance values in Id-ELISA were relatively low after directly applying Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)-infested soil extract. However, heat treating the soil extract before application greatly enhanced the absorbance
values. The heat treatment was essential for the Id-ELISA detection of tobamoviruses from infested soil, although the efficiency
of virus recovery varied depending on the properties of soil. The number of local lesions in the infectivity assay was consistent
with the absorbance values in Id-ELISA. Moreover, the absorbance values in Id-ELISA were correlated with the incidence of
soil transmission of PMMoV. Thus, Id-ELISA combined with heat treatment is a practical technique for the diagnosis of infestation
with Tobamovirus in field soils, Gray Lowland soil and Sand-dune Regosol.
Received 4 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 9 December 1999 相似文献
40.
Site fidelity,diel and seasonal activities of yellow‐phase Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) in a freshwater habitat as inferred from acoustic telemetry
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Hikaru Itakura Yoichi Miyake Takashi Kitagawa Shingo Kimura 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(3):737-751
Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) perform large‐scale oceanic migrations between their spawning ground and growth habitats in continental waters during life history. However, between these migrations, they spend most of time in growth habitats such as rivers. To investigate the diel and seasonal activities, homing behaviour and home range of yellow‐phase Japanese eels in the lower reach of the Tone River, we tracked them throughout a year using a fine‐scale positioning system (VPS) based on acoustic telemetry. The tracked eels were generally nocturnal, but not exclusively. They were mainly mobile from spring to autumn, with little or no activity observed during winter. A transport‐release experiment showed that most eels returned to their original capture area within 13 days after release. The eels had very small home ranges (mean ± SD = 0.085 ± 0.068 km2), core areas (0.014 ± 0.014 km2) and linear home ranges (744 ± 268 m). They also tended to be distributed on one particular side of the river (right or left bank) and in one particular shore type (revetment or vegetation), rarely moving from one to the other. This study provides evidence for nocturnal, dormancy, homing behaviours, limited habitat use and small home range size in Japanese eels. The eels clearly showed strong fidelity to a “familiar” site, which contrasts with the long distances travelled during upstream and downstream migration phases in the river, and during spawning migrations in the ocean. 相似文献