森林可燃物湿度研究综述

森林可燃物湿度对林火蔓延和有效辐射率均有重大影响。它又是预测林火发生、林火行为、火险等级的主要根据。本文在回顾森林可燃物湿度研究的同时, 综述了可燃物湿度研究的两个重要的概念—平衡含水量和时滞, 简述了相对湿度理论, 概括了主要研究方法的优缺点。文中还列出了现代可燃物研究的主要成果, 指出了可燃物湿度研究的发展方向。     

毛竹食用菌复合经营模式研究

利用毛竹林生态环境条件,以竹笋加工废料笋壳为培养基质,进行食用菌生产试验。结果表明,以笋壳作为培养料的平菇、榆黄蘑产量分别为592.59 kg/100 m²、187.50 kg/100 m²,分别占同样条件下以木屑作为培养料所获产量的44.06%和20.15%;以笋壳作为培养料的食用菌生产经历了2潮明显的出菇高峰,时间周期短而集中;而木屑培养料的食用菌则经历了3潮明显的出菇过程,时间周期较长。在产量方面,虽然平菇比榆黄蘑产量高,但榆黄蘑的市场价格较高,因此也值得推广。与木屑相比,笋壳具有生产成本低、生态环保、市场潜力大等优势,具有很高的潜在利用价值。     

Efficiency of early selection for rotation-aged wood quality traits in radiata pine

A total of 360 bark-to-bark-through-pith wood strips were sampled at breast height from 180 trees in 30 open-pollinated families from two rotation-aged genetic trials to study inheritance, age-age genetic correlation, and early selection efficiency for wood quality traits in radiata pine. Wood strips were evaluated by SilviScan® and annual pattern and genetic parameters for growth, wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), and stiffness (modulus of elasticity: MOE) for early to rotation ages were estimated. Annual ring growth was the largest between ages 2–5 years from pith, and decreased linearly to ages 9–10. Annual growth was similar and consistent at later ages. Wood density was the lowest near the pith, increased steadily to age 11–15 years, then was relatively stable after these ages. MFA was highest (35°) near the pith and reduced to about 10° at age 10–15 years. MFA was almost unchanged at later ages. MOE increased from about 2.5 GPa near the pith to about 20 GPa at ages 11–15 years. MOE was relatively unchanged at later ages. Wood density and MOE were inversely related to MFA. Heritability increased from zero near the pith and stabilised at ages 4 or 5 for all four growth and wood quality traits (DBH, density, MFA and MOE). Across age classes, heritability was the highest for area-weighted density and MFA, lowest for DBH, and intermediate for MOE. Age-age genetic correlations were high for the four traits studied. The genetic correlation reached 0.8 after age 7 for most traits. Early selection for density, MFA and MOE were very effective. Selection at age 7–8 has similar effectiveness as selection conducted at rotation age for MFA and MOE and at least 80% effective for wood density.     

基于DEM的辽宁省猴石森林公园的视域分析

利用GIS视域分析功能,基于地形特征,对辽宁省猴石国家森林公园内可达景点、不可达景点和游道的视域特征进行分析,其中,游道的视域特征以游道上间隔50m的75个样点来表征.结果表明:公园内可达景点分布较为合理,一类位于游道两侧山坡上,视野开阔,90%景点的视域面积达100hm2以上;另一类分布在近游道两侧,视域面积40～70hm2.不可达景点可视性良好,75%的景点视域面积达100hm2以上,观赏价值充分体现;游道分布较为合理,全程可观赏到公园总面积的41.71%,游道内的平均视域面积为(61.%±23.52)hm2.视域内地形呈一定程度起伏,平均高差350m,兼具一览无余的豁达之美与峰回路转的曼妙之美.研究以游览者的景观视觉特征分析为目的,探讨森林公园景点和游道规划的定量依据,是对目前旅游区景观视觉特征评价的重要补充,是旅游区总体规划和综合管理的重要依据之一.     

我国木质林产品贸易与森林生态安全耦合度研究

“两头在外”是我国林产品贸易的典型特征, 它意味着对国内和国外森林资源的大量消耗。木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全的协调是开放条件下实现我国森林可持续发展的必经之路。文中运用耦合理论研究1961-2010年我国木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全之间的协调问题, 结论认为:1)2004之前森林生态安全指数高于木质林产品贸易指数, 2005-2008年则低于木质林产品贸易指数, 1991年之后木质林产品贸易指数的波动幅度显著大于森林生态安全指数。2)1961-1999年森林生态安全指数与木质林产品贸易指数的协调状态在初级协调和勉强协调之间波动; 2000年之后二者的协调进入稳定阶段, 并在2003年由初级协调进入中级协调阶段。     

西泠印社造园艺术浅析

文人结社自古蔚然成风,东晋时有庐山白莲社、明清时文人社团亦兴盛一时,但能将结社活动与园林营建完美结合且能延续百余年的社团可谓仅"西泠印社"一家。杭州西泠印社创立至今,风姿飒爽矗立于中国文化历史长河之中,真可谓传奇,但绝非偶然。文中试图分析西泠印社文人结社与园林营建之间的关系,深层次探析印社的造园艺术。       

Recognition of shelterbelt continuity using remote sensing and waveform recognition

Shelterbelt systems play an important and long-term role in ecological stability and food security. Today, shelterbelts are threatened by anthropogenic destruction, plant diseases, and insect pests. Determining the continuity of shelterbelts is essential for the management and maintenance of complete and stable shelterbelt systems. In this paper, we acquired SPOT 5 images with a 10 m × 10 m spatial resolution, and, based on a GIS method, we generated belt waveforms using a waveform data collector. We then developed a waveform recognition model for belt continuity based on waveform recognition theory. Finally, we identified a minimum threshold value for the identification of belt gaps, and conducted belt continuity recognition in the study area. The results were compared with data calculated from aerial images with a 0.5 m × 0.5 m spatial resolution. When belt gaps were <10 m, recognition was poor, but when belt gaps were between 10 and 20 m, the mean absolute error was 3.8 %, and when belt gaps were >20 m, the mean absolute error was 2.7 %. We propose that this method provides a powerful new tool for the investigation and management of shelterbelt systems.     

太白山药用植物资源及其保护利用

太白山是秦岭主峰,其得天独厚的自然条件孕育了丰富的药用植物资源,这些药用植物长期以来在当地居民与疾病作斗争中发挥了重要作用。调查结果表明,太白山有药用植物510种,其中,属国家一级保护的2种。分析了药用植物资源现状,提出了今后保护的建议和对策。     

内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松林碳储量研究

根据内蒙古大兴安岭林区2008年第六次森林资源清查数据,利用各森林类型生物量-蓄积量的线性模型计算乔木层碳储量,利用生物量扩展法计算林下植物固碳量,林地固碳量。结果表明:内蒙古大兴安岭乔木层总固碳量为348.89TgC,乔木层碳密度为43.43t/hm2,林下植物固碳量为68.03TgC,林地固碳量为434.02TgC。大兴安岭落叶松、白桦碳储量占林区总碳储量的86.10%。不同龄组碳密度高低排序是:过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。幼龄林、中龄林碳储量占总碳储量的39.66%。林木固定CO21 279.26 Tg,释放O2930.37Tg,林木固碳价值为4 186.68亿元,释放O2的价值为9 303.7亿元。