Effects of dietary neutral detergent fibre on production performance, nutrient utilization, caecum fermentation and fibrolytic activity in 2- to 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization, caecum development, caecal fermentation, slaughter performance, immune organ and fibrolytic activity in 2- to 3-month-old New Zealand meat rabbits. Eighty 2-month-old rabbits were allocated in individual cages for five treatments in which they were fed each diet with NDF at 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 g/kg respectively. The results are as follows: the average daily gain of 300 g/kg NDF group was the highest (30.09 g/day) and higher than that of 240 g/kg NDF group (p < 0.05). The feed/gain ratio of 300 g/kg NDF group was the lowest (4.27) and lower than those of 240 and 360 g/kg NDF groups (p < 0.05). The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of energy, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract decreased when dietary NDF increased (p < 0.05); CTTAD of NDF increased when dietary NDF increased (p < 0.01). Digestible nitrogen and retained nitrogen of 240, 270, 300 and 330 g/kg NDF groups were higher than that of 360 g/kg NDF group (p < 0.05). The caecum weight, the proportion of caecum weight to body weight and the acetic acid ratio of volatile fatty acid rose when dietary NDF concentration increased (p < 0.05). The NH(3)-N concentration of caecum dropped when dietary NDF increased (p < 0.05). The fibrolytic activity increased when the dietary NDF increased (p < 0.01).     

猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒抗体的调查

应用血凝和血凝抑制试验检测了从吉林省部分地区采集的猪血清中血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（HEV）抗体。结果，212份样品中有94份呈现HEV抗体阳性反应，阳性率高达44．3％。被采集血清的猪未表现临床症状，说明该地区的猪群中存在HEV隐性感染。     

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.     

The use of medetomidine-based sedation protocols to perform urohydropropulsion and cystoscopy in the dog

Voiding urohydropropulsion and cystoscopy are routine procedures performed in the dog for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These procedures are typically performed under general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of medetomidine-based sedation protocols to perform voiding urohydropropulsion and cystoscopy in cardiovascularly healthy, non-diabetic dogs without evidence of urinary obstruction, renal disease, or hepatic disease. Results of this study revealed significantly shorter procedure times and decreased cost in sedated dogs, with diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes equivalent to those of patients that underwent general anesthesia. Based on the results of this retrospective study, the authors recommend medetomidine-based sedation protocols for voiding urohydropropulsion and cystoscopy in appropriately selected patients.     

陕西省鸟类新纪录——家麻雀

2009年2月28日,在陕西省成阳市沣渭湿地观测到18只家麻雀,并清晰拍摄到其中的2只(一雄一雌),经有关鸟类专家进一步鉴定是雀形目雀科家麻雀,该种为陕西省鸟类新纪录.     

马立克强毒MDV-GA对BWEL-SPF鸡的感染试验

134只1日龄BWEL-SPF鸡随机分成2组,攻毒组84只腹腔注射2 000 PFU的MDV-GA细胞毒0.2 mL,对照组50只注射同等剂量的病毒稀释液。结果显示,攻毒后27 d攻毒组鸡只开始发病并持续到攻毒后51 d,发病高峰期在攻毒后28~42 d。经过60 d的观察发现,该毒株可以引起很高的肿瘤发生率(61.90%),死亡率为75.00%。肿瘤主要出现在肾脏、心脏、肝脏、性腺、脾脏、肺、胸腺、皮肤、腺胃等组织,其中以肾脏、心脏、肝脏、性腺、脾脏肿瘤发生率较高,分别为:36.90%,28.75%,25.00%,21.43%,17.86%。其中2个以上组织发生肿瘤的个体占44.08%;3个以上组织发生肿瘤的个体占27.38%。多数肿瘤个体同时伴有胸腺、法氏囊萎缩,脾脏、性腺肿大等症状。经过对发病鸡的肾脏作组织切片观察,发现其基本结构已经消失,伴随大量的淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,呈现典型的马立克症状。结果表明,利用2 000 PFU的MDV-GA毒株感染BWEL-SPF鸡可以得到大量的肿瘤样本,可用于探讨马立克淋巴瘤内部的基因变化。     

Clenbuterol诱导载酯蛋白D在猪脂肪组织中表达加强

Clenbuterol(CLB,盐酸克伦特罗),俗称瘦肉精。由于其在动物体内广泛残留,可能导致食用此类产品的人中毒而被禁止使用,但已有研究表明该制剂可显著减少猪脂肪沉积,因此,对其分子机制进行深入研究将具有重要的理论与实践价值。本研究通过对家猪饲喂高剂量clenbuterol(≥1.5mg/kg体重),提高瘦肉率10%左右。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对脂肪组织中与脂类代谢密切相关的4个基因研究发现,饲喂clenbuterol的猪脂肪组织内载酯蛋白D(apolipoprotein D,apoD)mRNA丰度增加超过2倍,而脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,lpl)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(stearoyl-CoA desaturase,scd)和激素敏感脂酶(hormone sensitive lipase,hsl)mRNA丰度变化不明显。因此,推断clenbuterol通过改变部分脂代谢关键基因的表达来实现减少脂肪积累。载酯蛋白D可能是CLB应答基因之一。     

蝇蛆生物活性肽的生产工艺研究

以蝇蛆为试验材料,设酶解温度、复合酶量、酶配比、酶解时间和Ph值5个因素,每个因素4个水平进行L16(45)正交试验设计,以水解度作为评价指标,筛选脱脂蝇蛆粉的最佳酶解条件.结果表明:脱脂蝇蛆粉的最优酶解条件为A183C3D4E3,即温度(A)45℃,酶量(B)8000U/g,风味酶:木瓜酶:胃蛋白酶:胰蛋白酶的配比(C)是35%:50%:5%:10%,酶水解时间(D)为7 h,Ph(E)为7.5.脱脂蝇蛆粉溶液水解度的最大影响因素为酶解温度.     

牧草产业是我国家兔产业可持续发展的重要支撑

针对我国家免规模化养殖的快速发展,牧草作为家兔生产主要饲料原料来源,供需矛盾日益突出.本文重点从家兔消化生理特点、兔产品安全生产、农民增收、需求现状与问题等方面进行了论述,并提出了相应对策.     

黄曲霉毒素污染鸡饲料的生物脱毒

通过2个试验研究接种nocardia corynebacte-roides(NC)细菌对黄曲霉毒素污染肉鸡饲料的生物脱毒作用。第1个试验研究了NC细菌的致病性(安全性);第2个试验对脱毒饲料的营养价值进行了评估。将玉米分为2份,其中1份污染黄曲霉毒素,再将这2份玉米分别分为2小份,其中1小份接种NC细菌,然后使用这4个玉米样品配制4种玉米-豆粕日粮,形成完全随机的2×2析因分析设计,包括污染或不污染AF、接种或不接种NC细菌。试验选用100只1日龄Ross 308公雏,分为4个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复5只鸡。每周记录体重和耗料量,并从每个重复组中选择一只鸡屠宰,对肝脏、肾脏、法氏囊、胰脏以及小肠(包括十二指肠、盲肠、结肠)进行组织病理学分析,同时对小肠的3个部分进行电子显微镜分析,在21日龄试验结束时,每个重复组再屠宰1只鸡,测定肝脏中水分和脂肪含量以及AF残留量。3周的试验结果表明,处理组之间各项病理指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。第2个试验增大了AF的污染量(800和1200μg/kg饲料),其他与试验1相同。结果表明,处理组之间在体重、肝脏脂肪含量和AF残留量上存在显著差异(P<0.05);肝脏、十二指肠以及肾脏的损伤严重程度也存在显著差异;电子显微镜扫描结果表明,AF严重损伤肠黏膜紧密连接处。综上所述,NC细菌对鸡是安全的,可用于AF污染肉鸡饲料的生物脱毒。