Monitoring of Atmospheric Mercury at a Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Site on An-Myun Island, Korea

In order to investigate the regional background concentration levels of mercury (Hg), measurements were routinely recorded on An-Myun Island off the coast of Korea (December 2004 to April 2006). The mean concentration of Hg computed from the entire measurement period was 4.61?±?2.21 ng m^?3 with a range of 0.10–25.4 ng m^?3 (N?=?10,485). Using these data, we inspected various aspects of Hg behavior from the relatively remote island of An-Myun in Korea. Inspection of the seasonal patterns of Hg indicated that its concentration levels generally peaked in spring, while reached a minimum in summer. The summertime deficiency of Hg along with the lack of diurnal variation suggests that the environmental behavior of Hg at the study site was strongly suppressed by heavy precipitation during specific period. The diurnal variations of Hg, typically characterized by a relative daytime dominance, are distinguishable between seasons so that such patterns disappear during the summer. The results of our analysis, when inspected in terms of long-range transport of airborne pollutants, imply that Hg concentration levels can be affected intensively by trans-boundary input processes over certain period of time. Its springtime dominance hence suggests the combined effects of various local source processes and the meteorological conditions favorable for the massive air mass transport phenomenon (such as Asian Dust storms) during that time period.     

甜高粱组织再生研究

通过对不同外植体的筛选和培养条件的优化,建立了甜高粱再生体系。结果表明,以茎尖和茎为外植体的培养可获得甜高粱再生苗,但分化率较低,褐化较为严重;而以叶和根为外植体的培养不能获得甜高粱再生苗;成熟胚作外植体分化率高达98.7%,且未发生褐化。     

Identification and validation of a major QTL for salt tolerance in soybean

To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses of FT-Abyara × C01 and Jin dou No. 6 × 0197 were used in this study. The FT-Abyara × C01 population consisted of 96 F₇ RILs, and the Jin dou No. 6 × 0197 population included 81 F₆ RILs. The salt tolerant parents FT-Abyara and Jin dou No. 6 were originally from Brazil and China, respectively. The QTL analysis identified a major salt-tolerant QTL in molecular linkage group N, which accounted for 44.0 and 47.1% of the total variation for salt tolerance, in the two populations. In the FT-Abyara × C01 population, three RILs were found to be heterozygous around the detected QTL region. By selfing the three residual heterozygous lines, three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) for salt tolerance were developed. An evaluation of salt tolerance of the NILs revealed that all the lines with FT-Abyara chromosome segment at the QTL region showed significantly higher salt tolerance than the lines without the FT-Abyara chromosome segment. Results of the NILs validated the salt tolerance QTL detected in the RIL populations.     

茶树的RAPD标记向SCAR标记转化的研究

SCAR标记是在RAPD技术的基础上发展起来的一种新型分子标记技术,相对其他分子标记,它具有开发成本低,稳定性高,单位点多态等特点,将为茶树分子育种开辟一条新的有效途径。通过将随机引物在不同茶树品种基因组DNA中扩增得到的特异性片段,经回收、克隆、测序后重新设计1对特异性引物,将RAPD标记成功转化成SCAR标记,提高了分子鉴定的稳定性。     

林芝牦牛毛绒纤维物理特性及其超微结构研究

对 5岁林芝牦牛 2 0头公牛和 2 5头母牛背、腹部毛绒纤维的物理特性及其超微结构进行了测定与观察。结果表明 :公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的伸直长度分别为 8.82± 3.40、2 3 .2 3± 8.2 0、5 .6 2± 1.19、18.95± 4.84cm ,母牛腹部绒毛的伸直长度为 4.74± 0 .72cm ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的细度分别为 5 2 .99± 10 .72、73.32± 7.2 0、5 4.6 3± 10 .0 2、6 5 .96± 6 78μm ,母牛腹部绒毛的细度为 17.35± 2 .2 2 μm ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的强度分别为 41.16± 9 32、38.82± 3 .2 8、31 19± 7.87、33 .88± 5 .84g ,母牛腹部绒毛的强度为 15 .2 8± 2 .96g ;公、母牛背、腹部粗毛的伸度分别为 41.84%、46 73%、41.2 1%、45 .76 % ,母牛腹部绒毛的伸度为 43 .91%。林芝牦牛粗毛和绒毛的鳞片排列形态均为覆瓦状形     

Improving the health of the global poor

We analyzed the technical basis for a major global program to reduce disease among the poor. Effective interventions exist against the few diseases which most account for excess mortality among the poor. Achieving high coverage of effective interventions requires a well-functioning health system, as well as overcoming a set of financial and nonfinancial constraints. The annual incremental cost would be between $40 billion and $52 billion by 2015 in 83 low-income and sub-Saharan African countries. Such a program is feasible and would avoid millions of child, maternal, and adult deaths annually in poor countries.     

pH对氟磺胺草醚水解的影响

采用试验分析方法研究了氟磺胺草醚在不同pH缓冲溶液中的水解作用。结果表明,随着溶液pH值的增大,氟磺胺草醚的水解反应逐渐减慢,速率常数K减小,半衰期相应地增大。氟磺胺草醚在pH为5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0的缓冲液中的水解半衰期分别为105.74、157.41、183.26、215.16、247.40 d。     

从害虫马尾松毛虫中提取甲壳素的初步研究

采用酸碱法对马尾松毛虫蛹中甲壳素的提取方法进行了初步研究。重点分析了N aOH不同处理条件对脱有机物质和甲壳素产率的影响,确定了从马尾松毛虫蛹中提取甲壳素的基本工艺:(1)脱矿物质:盐酸浓度为2.5%,浸泡时间为20 h,浸泡温度为30℃;(2)脱有机物质:N aOH浓度为6%,浸泡温度为75℃,浸泡时间为10 h;(3)脱色:双氧水浓度为9%,浸泡时间为2.5 h,浸泡温度为80℃。在此条件下,获得的甲壳素产品为白色粉状固体,其N含量为6.87%,灰分为1.19%,水分为8.37%。产率为29.97%。产品的N含量达到食品级甲壳素标准,灰分含量达到工业级甲壳素标准。实验有助于后续深入研究马尾松毛虫蛹中甲壳素的提取,也为今后进一步制备虫蛹壳聚糖打下了基础。     

植物雌激素槲皮素对非洲爪蟾生长和骨骼发育的影响

用两栖动物非洲爪蟾作模型动物,来揭示植物雌激素槲皮素对非洲爪蟾生长和骨骼发育的影响。非洲爪蟾从46/47期开始,分别暴露50μg/L,100μg/L,200μg/L槲皮素,直至变态后1个月。结果表明槲皮素处理一方面促进蝌蚪体重的增加,另一方面导致尾的畸形。200μg/L槲皮素还导致脊柱的畸形,表现为少一块脊椎骨。     

运动对高脂血症大鼠骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1表达的影响

目的通过研究高脂血症大鼠运动后骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1的变化，探讨过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1在运动改善大鼠能量代谢中的作用。方法将26只大鼠分为3组，正常对照组9只，高脂膳食组（高脂组）9只，高脂膳食＋60min运动组（运动组）8只。测定各组骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1基因和蛋白表达的变化。结果高脂组甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组显著升高（P〈0．05）；运动组甘油三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高脂组显著降低（P〈0．05），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高脂组显著升高（P〈0．05）。与对照组比较，运动组大鼠骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1mRNA表达显著增高（P〈0．01）；与高脂组大鼠比较，运动组大鼠骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1mRNA表达显著增高（P〈0．05）。运动组骨骼肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1蛋白表达较对照组增加了2．14倍（P〈0．05），较高脂组增加了2．02倍（P〈0．05）。结论运动能够通过过氧化体增殖物激活型受体γ辅激活因子1改善骨骼肌的能量代谢，从而改善机体的脂质代谢，防止糖代谢异常和动脉粥样硬化的发生。