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111.
Abstract Extract Hypoadrenocorticism, or Addison's disease, is an uncommon en-docrinopathy of dogs (Feldman and Nelson 2004). Long-term management of affected dogs in New Zealand involves treatment with oral fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef tablets; Bristol-Myers Squibb (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, NZ), which is a relatively expensive synthetic adrenocortical steroid. Table salt may be added to the food, in an attempt to reduce the amount of fludrocortisone required. Despite fludrocortisone therapy, many Addisonian dogs remain hyponatraemic and hyperkalaemic and the required dose of fludrocortisone may need to be increased during the first year of treatment. Increasing the dose of fludrocortisone is not only expensive, but may also have undesirable effects through its potent glucocorticoid action. 相似文献
112.
CASE HISTORY: A 7-year-old cat developed sporadic vomiting, reduced appetite, and weight loss over the previous 3 months.CLINICAL FINDINGS: Palpation revealed a large mid-abdominal mass and the cat had marked eosinophilia. The cat progressively lost weight over the next 7 weeks when euthanasia was performed.PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Necropsy revealed a 3?cm diameter firm white intramural mass in the colon and another in the pylorus. Mesenteric and cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were firm, pale, and enlarged. Histopathological examination revealed foci of necrosis surrounded by thick dense collagen trabeculae and predominantly eosinophilic inflammation within the intestine and lymph nodes. Marked eosinophilic infiltration of the liver was also present.DIAGNOSIS: The lesions were consistent with gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF).CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report of FGESF in a New Zealand cat and the first time lesions of FGESF have been observed in extra-abdominal tissues. Intestinal neoplasia can be clinically identical to FGESF and histopathology is required for differentiation. Evidence suggests that FGESF has a more favourable prognosis than intestinal neoplasia. 相似文献
113.
114.
KJ Griffiths AL Ridler CWR Compton RA Corner-Thomas PR Kenyon 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):172-179
ABSTRACTAims: To investigate associations between lamb growth to weaning and dam udder and teat scores measured at pre-mating, pre-lambing, docking and weaning.Methods: Mature Romney ewes (n?=?1,009) were enrolled from a commercial sheep flock located near Masterton, in the Wellington region of New Zealand in 2017. A range of udder and teat traits were scored in all ewes, using visual assessment and palpation, at pre-mating, pre-lambing, docking and weaning. During the lambing period, each newborn lamb was matched to its dam and lamb sex, birthweight and birth-rank were recorded. A rearing rank was allocated to each live-lamb at weaning, when all lambs were weighed (n?=?1,570), allowing calculation of daily growth rates (g/day). Associations between udder and teat scores and lamb growth rates to weaning were examined using multivariable models for each udder-scoring time.Results: Growth rates of lambs whose dams had udder palpation scores of hard, or both teats recorded as abnormal, pre-mating were lower than lambs whose dams had normal scores (229.9 (95% CI?=?213.2–246.6) vs. 254.5 (95% CI?=?245.6–263.5) g/day; p?=?0.011) and (227.4 (95% CI?=?208.3–246.6) vs. 247.9 (95% CI?=?235.7–260.2) g/day; p?=?0.024), respectively. Growth rates of lambs whose dams had clinical mastitis at docking or weaning were lower than those without mastitis (215.8 (95% CI?=?199.9–231.7) vs. 235.4 (95% CI?=?225.4–255.0) g/day; p?=?0.007) and (220.0 (95% CI?=?205.2–234.8) vs. 254.7 (95% CI?=?248.9–260.5) g/day; p?<?0.001), respectively. Growth rates of lambs whose dams had asymmetrical udders at docking or weaning were lower than lambs whose dams had symmetrical udders (204.6 (95% CI?=?189.7–219.5) vs. 240.2 (95% CI?=?225.4–255.0) g/day; p?<?0.001) and (223.3 (95% CI?=?213.9–232.7) vs. 242.2 (95% CI?=?229.4–255.0) g/day; p?=?0.014), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Pre-mating udder palpation and teat palpation scores can be used to identify ewes whose lambs are predicted to have lower growth to weaning. Assuming a mean lamb age at weaning of 84.4 days, lambs born to ewes with a pre-mating score of hard would be expected to have a mean weaning weight that was 2.1?kg less than those whose dams had normal scores. Udder palpation, udder symmetry and clinical mastitis scores during lactation were also associated with lamb growth rates.Abbreviation: CALW: Conceptus-adjusted liveweight 相似文献
115.
ABSTRACTAims: To monitor the effect of using long-acting Zn boluses on the Zn status of a group of South American camelids, using measurements of concentrations of Zn in faeces and serum.Methods: As part of a facial eczema (FE) prevention programme, 15 camelids were treated with long-acting Zn boluses designed for preventing FE in sheep. Based on bodyweight, 13 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) received two boluses (26.4?g Zn/bolus) and two llamas (Lama glama) received three boluses. In order to monitor Zn status, measurements were made of concentrations of Zn in serum and faeces immediately prior to bolus treatment (Week 0) and 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks later. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in serum was measured at Weeks 0 and 8.Results: Two alpacas regurgitated the boluses; in one case the animal was quickly re-treated but this was not possible in the second animal. Mean concentrations of Zn in faeces were higher at all time points compared to Week 0 (p?<?0.001). Peak concentrations were measured at Week 8, and concentrations >120?mg/kg fresh weight (FW), suggested as being protective in calves, were only measured in all (13/13) treated camelids at Week 6. Mean concentrations of Zn in serum differed between weeks of sampling but changes were not consistent, and concentrations did not exceed 18?μmol/L following treatment. There was no evidence of a natural sporidesmin challenge during the study period and activity of GGT in serum of all animals was <45?IU/L.Conclusions: Treatment with Zn boluses significantly increased concentrations of Zn in faeces but not in serum, but peak concentrations in faeces were only detected 8 weeks after treatment.Clinical Relevance: The delay in achieving concentrations of Zn in faeces which were associated with protection against FE in calves, combined with the difficulties of administering boluses to camelids, means that we do not believe that Zn boluses should be used as the primary method for preventing FE in camelids. We recommend that FE prevention in camelids should focus on minimising spore production in pasture through the use of fungicides, grazing management and alternative forages, with boluses only used when it is thought that these methods are unlikely to provide sufficient protection against FE. Such use should always be under the guidance of a veterinarian and monitoring of serum GGT activity should be used to ensure that FE control is being achieved. 相似文献
116.
Abstract AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the concentration of elemental Cu and activity of caeruloplasmin (CP) in the plasma and serum of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). METHODS: Paired serum and heparinised plasma samples taken from 142 deer from 10 herds in the North Island of New Zealand were tested for the concentration of elemental Cu and activity of CP. Additionally, liver biopsy samples were taken from 49 of the deer (all one herd). The relationship between individual results for the concentration of elemental Cu and activity of CP was examined using a segmented model, with random slope and intercept and threshold. RESULTS: The activity of CP in plasma and that in serum were strongly correlated (R2=0.994), with a high level of agreement. The concentration of Cu and activity of CP also showed a strong association (R2>0.88 for both plasma and serum), although there were significant differences between herds, with the segmented regression model providing the best fit rather than a linear mixed model. Using the current thresholds for elemental Cu, the relationship between the concentration of Cu and activity of CP suggested that an activity of CP of <4 IU/L indicates Cu deficiency, and that deer with an activity of CP of ≥7 IU/L have adequate Cu status. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between elemental Cu and CP is markedly different from the simple linear relationship previously reported for cattle. Above a threshold of 10 IU/L, the rise in elemental Cu per unit increase in activity of CP was 50% of that below 10 IU/L. This is probably because above this threshold the oxidative activity of CP per enzyme unit was greater. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between concentration of Cu and activity of CP was robust enough to define provisional thresholds for determining Cu status. However, the proximity of the deficiency threshold to the limit of detection of the CP test, the effect of herd on the association, and the inherent disadvantages of using an enzymatic system, mean that activity of CP should not be used routinely to estimate Cu status in deer. When assessing the Cu status of deer based on blood samples, the concentration of Cu in plasma or serum should be used. 相似文献
117.
ABSTRACTThe aim of this review is to critically assess the test characteristics and practicality of published data on direct and indirect tests for diagnosing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FPT) in dairy calves in New Zealand, to provide recommendations for veterinary practitioners, and to examine the recommended sample size for assessing herd-level prevalence of FPT and the confidence in the results obtained. The definition of FPT is based on measurement of concentrations of IgG in serum of neonatal calves after colostrum intake. The gold standard method for measurement of concentrations of IgG is radial immunodiffusion. However its cost, requirements for laboratory equipment, and the time taken to obtain results have meant that alternative tests have been developed. The turbidimetric immunoassay and ELISA also directly measure concentrations of IgG. Indirect tests include measurement of concentrations of total proteins (TP) in the laboratory or using a refractometer, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, and the zinc sulfate turbidity (ZST) test. Of the indirect tests, measurement of concentrations of TP in the laboratory or using a refractometer combine high specificity and sensitivity with a consistent association with concentrations of IgG in calves between 1–7 days of age. Using a refractometer is less accurate than direct measurement in a laboratory, but is still a suitable test if low cost and speed are important. Although GGT activity is strongly associated with concentrations of IgG in serum, the relationship varies with time after birth. Therefore the target thresholds change with time, increasing error compared to the measurement of concentrations of TP in serum. Similarly, factors other than total concentrations of IgG have a significant effect on the association with ZST test, complicating interpretation. Thus, when direct measurement of concentrations of IgG is not feasible, the recommendation is that concentrations of TP in serum should be used as the diagnostic test for diagnosis of FPT, providing calves are not dehydrated. Using a sample size of 12 calves is suitable for estimating whether the herd-level prevalence of FPT is <20% or >20%, if there are no calves or >5 calves diagnosed with FPT, respectively, but is limited in diagnostic confidence when 1–4 calves test positive. Diagnostic interpretation can be significantly improved if tests of FPT are used alongside information on the likely risk of FPT on the tested farm. 相似文献
118.
Extract An 8-year-old female Fox Terrier was presented for acute anorexia and depression. A haemogram revealed extreme neutrophilic leucocytosis (136×109/L neutrophils). By Day 4, the neutrophilia was more marked (214×109/L segmented; 23×109/L band). Imaging revealed a cranial mediastinal mass, pleural effusion and small pneumothorax. Needle aspiration of the mass showed cells resembling malignant histiocytes against a background of mature neutrophils. On Day 7, the mass was surgically removed. Histologically, it revealed a malignancy suggestive of histiocytic sarcoma intensely infiltrated with neutrophils. Immunocyto-chemical investigations are pending. Post-operatively, the dog's appetite and demeanour improved but breathing was laboured, and neutrophilia persisted (300×109/L on Day 14). The dog was humanely killed on Day 14; post mortem examination revealed no distant metastases. This dog's illness is strongly reminiscent of a rare human condition, inflammatory malignant fibrous his-tiocytoma with leukaemoid reaction (IMFH-LR). In IMFH-LR, neoplastic cells produce cytokines that attract neutrophils to the tumour. Other cytokines stimulate the bone marrow to produce extreme neutrophilia. Although paraneoplastic neutrophilia has previously been described in dogs, this is an extreme example and the condition has not previously been associated with histiocytic or intrathoracic malignancies. 相似文献
119.
RA Laven 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(2):107-111
ABSTRACTAim: To estimate, ex vivo, the torque required to cause vertebral dislocation of cattle tails.Methods: Five tails from dairy cows, severed at the junction between the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, were sourced from a slaughterhouse. Within 2 hours of slaughter, the severed end of each tail was clamped in a vice and a steel collar was placed halfway along the tail. A torque wrench was attached to the steel collar, which was then rotated to produce an audible and palpable vertebral dislocation, and the torque at the time of the break was recorded.Results: The maximum torque required to break a tail was 20?Nm, the minimum was 9.8?Nm, and the uncertainty was 4.9?Nm.Conclusion: The torque required to break a cow’s tail is unlikely to be applied accidentally if cattle are handled following recommended best practice. Thus if cattle on a farm can be shown to have broken tails due to manipulation by farm staff, cattle handling is not meeting the recommended best practice of the New Zealand Dairy Cattle Code of Welfare. 相似文献
120.
Although non‐native species can sometimes threaten the value of ecosystem services, their presence can contribute to the benefits derived from the environment. In the Great Lakes, non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) support substantial recreational fisheries. With current efforts underway to restore once‐native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to Lake Ontario, there is some concern that Atlantic salmon will impede non‐native contributions to the recreational fishery because Atlantic salmon exhibit niche overlap with brown trout and rainbow trout, particularly during the juvenile life stage. We therefore examined competition and growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon, brown trout and rainbow trout in semi‐natural streams. We found that brown trout were the most dominant and had the greatest growth rate regardless of what other species were present. Rainbow trout were more dominant than Atlantic salmon and consumed the most food of the three species. However, in the presence of brown trout, rainbow trout fed less frequently and exhibited negative growth as compared to when the rainbow trout were present with only Atlantic salmon. These data suggest that, outside of density‐dependent effects, Atlantic salmon will not impact stream production of brown trout and rainbow trout. 相似文献