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51.
P. C. MILLS J. C. NG D. E. AUER† 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(6):475-481
The effect of inflammation on the disposition of phenylbutazone (PBZ) was investigated in Thoroughbred horses. An initial study ( n = 5) in which PBZ (8.8 mg/kg) was injected intravenously twice, 5 weeks apart, suggested that the administration of PBZ would not affect the plasma kinetics of a subsequent dose. Two other groups of horses were given PBZ at either 8.8 mg/kg ( n = 5) or 4.4 mg/kg ( n = 4). Soft tissue inflammation was then induced by the injection of Freud's adjuvant and the administration of PBZ was repeated at a dose level equivalent to, but five weeks later than, the initial dose. Inflammation did not appear to affect the plasma kinetics or the urinary excretion of PBZ and its metabolites, oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ) or hydroxyphenylbutazone (OHPBZ) when PBZ was administered at 8.8 mg/kg. However, small but significant increases ( P <0.05) in total body clearance ( CL B ; 29.2 ± 3.9 vs. 43.8 ± 8.1 mL/ h-kg) and the volume of distribution, calculated by area ( V d(area) ; 0.18 ± 0.05 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 L/kg) or at steady-state ( V d(SS) ; 0.17±0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 L/ kg), were obtained in horses after adjuvant injection, compared to controls, when PBZ was administered at 4.4 mg/kg which corresponded to relatively higher tissues concentrations and lower plasma concentrations (calculated) at the time of maximum peripheral PBZ concentration. Soft tissue inflammation also induced a significantly ( P <0.05) higher amount of OPBZ in the urine 18 h after PBZ administration but the total urinary excretion of analytes over 48 h was unchanged. These results have possible implications regarding the administration of PBZ to the horse close to race-day. 相似文献
52.
D. E. AUER J. C. NG J. S. REILLY A. A. SEAWRIGHT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1991,14(1):61-69
The vascular leakage induced by histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and prostaglandin E1 and E2 was assessed. The test agents were injected intradermally into the shaved thoracic skin of horses and the vascular leakage estimated either semi-quantitatively by recording the diameter of the lesions or by measuring the actual volume of extravasated plasma in microliters using iodine-125-labelled human serum albumin (125I-HSA) as a marker in the blood plasma. Using the latter method, the vascular leakage induced by carrageenin and the effect of coadministered prostaglandins E1 and E2 upon the vascular leakage of both histamine and bradykinin were also investigated. No obvious lesions resulted when serotonin (10(-2) mol/l) was injected but histamine and bradykinin produced circular lesions which increased in diameter for approximately 30 min. The size of the lesions and volume of extravasated plasma was dose dependent. On a molar basis, bradykinin (10(-6) mol/l, 10(-5) mol/l) was more potent than histamine but they were equipotent at 10(-4) mol/l. The size of the lesions induced by carrageenin were independent of their anatomical location on the thorax. Except for the second hour, the hourly volume of vascular leakage increased until the fifth hour when the experiment was concluded. The maximum vascular leakage resulting from the injection of prostaglandin E1 or E2 (1, 10, 100 or 1000 ng) was 7 microliters but when co-administered with bradykinin (10(-6) mol/l), the volume of leaked plasma increased from 29 to 78 microliters. No synergy was observed when either prostaglandin was co-administered with histamine (10(-5) mol/l). 相似文献
53.
54.
LI Da-zhu ZHOU You WU Wei ZENG Qiu-tang LI Yu-shu WANG Xiang FE NG Yi-bai CAO Lin-sheng 《园艺学报》2006,22(6):1079-1082
AIM:To evaluate whether tolerogenic dendri tic cells (DC) loaded with heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) inhibit the progression of aortic atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E (Apo- E) -null mice.METHODS:Bone marrow derived DC of the mice were loaded with HSP 60 and co-cultured with rapamycin to generate tolerogenic DC.The tolerogenic DC ,DC loaded only HSP60 and PBS were injected into the ApoE-null mice at 8 weeks of age for three times at a one-week interval.8 weeks after the last injection,aorta were harvested for HE staining and anti-CD4+T cell immunostaining.Resp onses of pleenic cells to HSP60 were also evaluated.RESULTS:Compared with DC,DCHSP60 expressed higher levels of CD86,and stimulated T lymphocytes to proliferation significantly,while the tolerogenic DC expressed lower levels of CD86,and inhibited T lymphocytes to p roliferation.After immunization with different injection,the numbers of CD4+ T cells in plaque were increased significantly in DCHSP60 group vs in PBS g roup (P<0.01).On the other hand,they were reduced significantly in rap-DC HSP60 group vs in PBS group (P<0.01).Plaque areas in the tolerog enic DC group were smaller than that in the PBS group (P<0.01).Stimulated by HSP60,pleenic cells in tolerogenic DC group secreted more IL-10,while in DC HSP60 group more IFN-γ secretion was observed.CONCLUSION:HSP60 specific tolerogenic DC immunization attenuate d the progression of plaque,indicating a new immune therapy for atherosclerosis. 相似文献
55.
Pour tester la résistance aux dicarboximides (imides cycliques) des souches prélevées en plein champ, les spores sont appliquees sur des disques d'agar placés à l'envers sur des milieux nutritifs contenant les différentes concentrations du fongicide. L'évaluation est faite 4 à 5 jours après le début de l'essai afin d'exclure les souches susceptibles de s'adapter après quelques jours de contact à la matiere active en laboratoire. En 1979, on a isolé pour la première fois, à partir de prélèvements de plein champ, des souches tolérantes à l ou 3 ppm de matière active. Une augmentation du nombre de souches résistantes a été constatèe en 1980. La croissance du mycélium et la germination des spores sont inhibées à peu prés de la meme manière. Les souches résistantes ne montrent pas de diminution de vigueur de Finfection sur pommes. L'efficacité de la lutte anti-botrytis n'est pas encore diminuee dans les parcelles qui ont un grand pourcentage de souches résistantes. 相似文献
56.
为了研究证明含蜡原油流变曲线和微观蜡晶两者之间存在一定的关联,测试了广范围剪切速率下的含蜡原油流变曲线,确立了微观蜡晶和流变曲线之间的定性关系,并且取得以下认识:广范围剪切速率下的含蜡原油流变曲线能够一定程度地体现微观蜡晶特征,其中低剪切速率下的流变曲线能够体现蜡晶形态,高剪切速率下的流变曲线能够体现蜡晶结构;并非温度越低,剪切速率对粘度的影响程度越大,在高剪切速率下,有可能存在相反的情况;在低温条件下,剪切速率存在一个临界值,只有当剪切速率大于该值时,粘度才会出现较为明显的下降;温度越低,形成的蜡晶网格结构越稳定,需要较大的剪切应力,蜡晶网格结构才能破坏。该研究成果深化了对含蜡原油流变性的认识,具有一定的理论意义。(图6,表1,参15) 相似文献
57.
K.D. Giannoulis D. Bartzialis E. Skoufogianni N.G. Danalatos 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(7):869-882
ABSTRACTFertilizer enhancement is determined by chemical and physical characteristics, environmental safety, and mechanical stress stabilization, etc. In order to assess the reaction of cotton cultivation to distinct kinds of fertilizer (Agrotain: fertilizers with urease inhibitor versus standard urea) and different nitrogen dressings on chlorophyll content and yield, field studies were performed at two distinct locations (Palamas and Velestino) for 2 years (2014 and 2015). Cotton variety Flora was cultivated using Agrotain (with urease inhibitor) versus standard (urea) fertilizers under various N-dressings (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha?1). It was found that plants fertilized with Agrotain obtained higher chlorophyll content and achieved considerably higher yield during the second experimentation year owing to the efficient release and uptake of nitrogen from the plants. The variations between the examined fertilizers may be due to smoother, more stable N-nutrition and greater rates of photosynthesis. Nitrogen Use Efficiency was the same independently fertilization type, reinforcing the hypothesis that Agrotain fertilizers can lead to less N-losses, which is confirmed from the higher Agrotain recovery fraction. Therefore, the application of urease inhibitor fertilizers may decrease N-application and N-losses and it is advisable to introduce them to nutrition situations. 相似文献
58.
Abstract. The effects of rock fragments on soil temperature, soil moisture conservation, night time water vapour absorption and wheat biomass production were investigated. Under conditions of moderate water stress, water conservation was generally greater in the stony soils. Under conditions of pronounced drought the opposite occurred, with stony soils conserving less water than soils free of stones, though soils with large cobbles on the surface conserved the most water.
Stony soils were generally warmer during daytime and cooler at night than soils free of rock fragments. In the warmest month (July) the diurnal amplitude reached 14.3 °C in the control soil and 24.1 °C in the stony soils. Night time absorption of water vapour in the upper 15–20 cm was less for the stony soil (17.8% cobble cover), than for the stone-free soil. Cobbles on the soil surface increased biomass production by increasing moisture conservation. After removing all the stones from the surface of 16 plots, total dry matter yield of rainfed wheat was on average 20% less than from plots with stones on the surface. 相似文献
Stony soils were generally warmer during daytime and cooler at night than soils free of rock fragments. In the warmest month (July) the diurnal amplitude reached 14.3 °C in the control soil and 24.1 °C in the stony soils. Night time absorption of water vapour in the upper 15–20 cm was less for the stony soil (17.8% cobble cover), than for the stone-free soil. Cobbles on the soil surface increased biomass production by increasing moisture conservation. After removing all the stones from the surface of 16 plots, total dry matter yield of rainfed wheat was on average 20% less than from plots with stones on the surface. 相似文献
59.
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