The seasonal rhythms of the development of the plants of 15 taxons of the Prunus L. genus in the south of the Russian Far East were analyzed. Based on the biological features of the plants, a dendrogram of phylogenetic interrelations of species within the genus was constructed. 相似文献
旨在探讨添加混合微生物菌剂的发酵全混合日粮(Fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)对肉羊营养物质消化吸收功能和生长性能的影响。通过发酵和肉羊饲喂试验,测定了FTMR的品质变化、营养物质表观消化率、肉羊瘤胃发酵情况及日增重。结果表明:1)全混合日粮发酵后pH和中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低,乳酸和乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);2)试验组肉羊瘤胃液pH显著降低,氨态氮含量降低50%以上(P<0.05);粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)的利用率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),尤其是ADL利用率提高了29.92%(P<0.05)。3)试验组平均日增重较对照组提高50%。综上,混合微生物菌剂加入全混合日粮发酵后,适口性增强,可改善肉羊瘤胃液环境,提高肉羊的消化吸收功能和生长性能,有利于提高秸秆饲料化利用效率。 相似文献
We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases. 相似文献
The crystal structure of glycogen phosphorylase a complexed with its substrates, orthophosphate and maltopentaose, has been determined and refined at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. With oligosaccaride bound at the glycogen storage site, the phosphate ion binds at the catalytic site and causes the regulatory and catalytic domains to separate with the loss of stabilizing interactions between them. Homotropic cooperativity between the active sites of the allosteric dimer results from rearrangements in isologous contacts between symmetry-related helices in the subunit interface. The conformational changes in the core of the interface are correlated with those observed on covalent activation by phosphorylation at Ser14 (phosphorylase b----a). 相似文献
Adenohypophyseal concentrations of LHRH receptors, pituitary content of LH and FSH, and plasma concentrations of LH were determined in thirty Hereford, Angus or Hereford-Angus heifers that were randomly assigned by breed and weight to five periods including day 3 of the estrous cycle (CY), pregnant day 120 (P120), 200 (P200), 275 (P275), or day 2 postpartum (PP). Jugular blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 8 hr from all cows. Within 2 hr after completion of blood sampling, animals were slaughtered and the pituitary gland frozen at −196 C. LH pulse frequency/8 hr was reduced (P<.05) during gestation (.5, .2, and 1.5 ± .5/8 hr, for P120, P200, and P275, respectively) and PP (.5 ± .5/8 hr) compared to CY (7.8 ± .5/8 hr). Frequency of LH pulses/8 hr was not different (P>.1) among P120, P200 or PP periods but was different (P<.05) between P200 and P275. There were no differences in LH pulse height (P>.1) among periods; however, pulse amplitude was greatest (P<.05) at P120 (1.3 ± .2 ng/ml) and lowest between P200 and PP (.6 to .8 ± .2 ng/ml). Baseline concentrations of plasma LH did not differ (P>.1) among P and PP periods (.3 ± .1 ng/ml), but were lower (P<.05) than in CY animals (.7 ± .1 ng/ml). Concentration of adenohypophyseal LHRH receptors was approximately two-fold greater (P<.05) at P120 (25.85 ± 2.2 fmol/mg) than at all other periods (9.5 to 14.9 ± 2.2 fmol/mg). Pituitary content of LH was greatest at P120 (1.56 ± .11 ug/mg) and lowest (P<.05) at P275 and PP (0.46 to 0.52 ± .11 ug/mg). Pituitary content of FSH was greatest (P<.05) in P (12.7 to 17.0 ± 1.4 ug/mg) and PP (18.3 ± 1.4 ug/mg) vs CY (5.0 ± 1.4 ug/mg) cows and increased from P120 to PP (P<.05). Results indicate that physiological changes occurring during gestation may have an effect on subsequent function of the adenohypophysis in beef cows. 相似文献
Data on parity, disease, farmers' stated primary reasons for culling and stage of lactation at diagnosis and at culling were used to describe patterns of culling in Holstein lactations from 34 New York herds. Of 7763 lactations, 18.7% ended in culling [death (95 cows), sales for dairy purposes (104 cows), or slaughter]. The culling rates for specific reasons were: dairy purposes 1.3%, low production 3.8%, reproduction 4.8%, udder problems 4.0%, feet and legs 1.2%, old age 0.3%, accidents 0.3% and miscellaneous reasons 2.9%. Culling increased with parity (at least through Lactation 6) and primarily was due to production, reproduction and udder problems. Culling for these 3 reasons peaked immediately after calving, again between 151 and 240 days post-partum (poor milk production) and at >240 days post-partum (poor reproductive performance). First-lactation cows sold for dairy use tended to be sold in early lactation. Death in older cows usually occurred early in lactation and was due to udder problems or to miscellaneous causes.
Compared to lactations without the disease, lactations with a diagnosis of downer cow, clinical mastitis or treat problems were 3.5, 2.0 and 2.7 times more likely to end in culling, respectively. Among cows diagnosed with a disease and culled, many were culled the same day or within 30 days of the diagnosis. Such “immediate” culling upon diagnosis was especially typical of cows with milk fever, downer cow syndrome, left displaced abomasum, teat problems, and foot and leg problems (and for some cases of clinical mastitis), implying that these disorders led to “forced” culling, which was particularly costly to the farmers. 相似文献
An assay was developed to measure the degree of immunological cross-reactivity between the pseudocapsules of a vaccine (reference) strain of Staphylococcus aureus and pseudocapsules of strains of S. aureus isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. The field strains were obtained from Australia, New Zealand, Norway, the U.K. and the U.S.A. There was large variation among strains in cross-reactivity of their pseudocapsules with those of the reference strain. For 104 Australian strains, the range of cross-reactivity indices (CRI) was 6.1-63.2% (on a scale of 0-100%, with 0% being complete identity and 100% being nil identity); for 61 overseas strains the range of CRI values was 25.7-72.1%. The data indicated that pseudocapsule antigens of Australian strains were antigenically more closely related to those of the reference strain than were pseudocapsular antigens of strains from the 4 other countries. 相似文献