Performance and Kinetic Study on Bioremediation of Diazo Dye (Reactive Black 5) in Wastewater Using Spent GAC–Biofilm Sequencing Batch Reactor

Combinations of sequential anaerobic and aerobic process enhance the treatment of textile wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5)-containing wastewater using granular activated carbon (GAC)–biofilm sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an integration of aerobic and anaerobic process in a single reactor. The GAC–biofilm SBR system demonstrated higher removal of COD, RB5 and aromatic amines. It was observed that the RB5 removal efficiency improved as the concentration of co-substrate in the influent increased. The alternative aeration introduced into the bioreactor enhanced mineralization of aromatic amines. Degradation of RB5 and co-substrate followed second-order kinetic and the constant (k ₂) values for COD and RB5 decreased from 0.002 to 0.001 and 0.004 to 0.001 l/mg h, respectively, as the RB5 concentration increased from 100 to 200 mg/l in the GAC–biofilm SBR system.     

Spatial stochastic volatility for lattice data

Spatial heteroscedasticity may arise jointly with spatial autocorrelation in lattice data collected from agricultural trials and environmental studies. This leads to spatial clustering not only in the level but also in the variation of the data, the latter of which may be very important, for example, in constructing prediction intervals. This article introduces a spatial stochastic volatility (SSV) component into the widely used conditional autoregressive (CAR) model to capture the spatial clustering in heteroscedasticity. The SSV component is a mean zero, conditionally independent Gaussian process given a latent spatial process of the variances. The logarithm of the latent variance process is specified by an intrinsic Gaussian Markov random field. The SSV model relaxes the traditional homoscedasticity assumption for spatial heterogeneity and brings greater flexibility to the popular spatial statistical models. The Bayesian method is used for inference. The full conditional distribution of the heteroscedasticity components can be shown to be log-concave, which facilitates an adaptive rejection sampling algorithm. Application to the well-known wheat yield data illustrates that incorporating spatial stochastic volatility may reveal the spatial heteroscedasticity hidden from existing analyses.     

基于悬浮速度区间估计的核桃壳仁物料气动特性分析与试验

壳仁分离是核桃深加工的首要环节,针对核桃壳仁物料较不规则、空气动力学关键参数难以准确测量等问题,该研究采用仿真分析与区间估计相结合的方法,研究核桃壳仁物料的气动特性并进行试验。首先,采用CFD-DEM（Computational fluid dynamics, Discrete element method）方法仿真模拟了壳仁物料在气流中的运动,根据壳仁物料的运动轨迹和流场的流速分布,得出了二分壳、四分壳、八分壳、二分仁、四分仁、八分仁,6类物料的仿真悬浮速度范围。其次,以仿真结果为参考搭建试验台架,在台架试验中利用高速摄像技术记录壳仁物料的运动情况,并对物料在不同风速区间内的分布情况进行统计分析,经K-S检验,腔体内6类物料在气流中的位置分布均呈正态分布。最后,基于各类物料统计数据进行高斯拟合,并根据区间估计方法统计得出各类物料的悬浮速度范围为：二分壳7.25～9.50 m/s、四分壳6.90～8.95 m/s、八分壳6.20～7.75 m/s、二分仁9.20～14.85 m/s、四分仁9.60～14.55 m/s、八分仁9.30～11.45 m/s。通过对试验结果的分析,得到壳仁风选设备的较佳风选速度范围为：9.0～9.4 m/s;同时,对悬浮速度的理论计算公式进行了修正,得到适用于漾濞核桃的形状修正系数为：二分壳3.82、四分壳3.06、八分壳2.80、二分仁1.49、四分仁1.12、八分仁1.17。此外,结合仿真和台架试验,研究分析了壳仁堆叠现象的成因及其对风选分离效果的潜在影响。研究表明：通过增加壳、仁物料在气流中的旋转运动,可减少堆叠现象的发生,有助于提升壳仁分离效率。该研究提出的悬浮速度区间估计方法可为不规则农业物料的气动特性分析及其关键参数测量提供参考。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

研究建立检测新型鸭呼肠孤病毒(novel duck reovirus,NDRV)的RT-PCR方法,并运用建立的检测方法对分离毒与人工感染样品进行应用检测.根据NDRV-NP03株S3基因全序列(NDRV-NP03,GenBank登录号:GQ888710),设计合成了一对引物,以NDRV分离株为模板,建立了检测NDRV的RT-PCR方法.结果显示:该方法仅能从NDRV分离毒中扩增到与预期大小相符长度为586 bp的特异性目的片段,检测灵敏度达到2 pg病毒RNA,而其它病毒,番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus,MDRV)、禽呼肠孤病毒(Avian reovirus,ARV)、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)、番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)、鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV)、鸭副粘病毒(Duck paramyxovirus,DPMV)、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(Duck hepatitis virus,DHV)等样品的扩增结果均为阴性.应用该方法对8株NDRV分离毒和3份人工感染鸭肝脾组织进行检测均为阳性.表明建立的RT-PCR方法特异性强、敏感度高,可用于NDRV的临床诊断和流行病学调查.     

福建省基层农村电子政务发展问题研究

福建省农村基层电子政务建设是福建农村经济发展的一个重要内容,针对在建设和发展过程中面临各方面因素的制约,总结了福建省基层电子政务建设的经验,并提出了发展对策。     

Bauxite residue fines as an amendment to residue sands to enhance plant growth potential—a glasshouse study

Purpose  

This glasshouse study was conducted to determine if amending bauxite residue sand with residue fines would improve its suitability as a growth medium. Alcoa’s West Australian operations mechanically separate residue into two size fractions: residue fines (which are dominated by particles <150 μm) and residue sands (>150 μm). Residue sand represents the primary material used as a growth medium for rehabilitation, and prior to amendments, it exhibits many characteristics unfavourable for plant growth.