大别山自然保护区天然次生林分类及其生态位特征

通过样方调查、TWINSPAN分类与DCA排序及生态位分析,以物种重要值为分类排序与生态位计测的数据指标,研究湖北省大别山自然保护区天然次生林分类及优势木本生态位宽度与重叠。结果表明:应用TWINSPAN分类并结合DCA排序,可将植被划分为6个群落类型(针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ,针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ,E落叶阔叶林和F常绿落叶阔叶混交林)。同时DCA排序图中反映了植被由针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ——针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ——落叶阔叶林与常绿落叶混交林的格局变化。在针叶林Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,马尾松与黄山松生态位宽度较大,在针阔混交林Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,松类与栎类等都占据较大生态位,阔叶林阶段占据优势的木本种类更多,不同群落主要种群生态位宽度随着演替表现出相应的变化规律,同时也反映了多数广生态位物种间的生态位竞争。对于大多数演替阶段群落中的物种间的关系,以生态位重叠指数和物种生活特性作为主要的评价标准是可行的。     

基于PSD 技术平台的保障性住房建设风险研究———以重庆市公共租赁住房建设为例

为探讨大规模、突击性抢建公共租赁住房面临的风险,在文献研究和实际调研的基础上,利用PSD技术平台进行风险诊断,采用头脑风暴法、德尔菲法进行风险识别,层次分析法(AHP法)评估各个风险因子对公共租赁房系统风险的贡献值,研究表明:①准则层中对公共租赁房系统风险中资金风险、规划选址风险、土地供给风险、建设管理风险的贡献值分别为0.460 1,0.287 5,0.185 3,0.067 1;②确保建设资金可持续性、完善选址区域基础设施是公共租赁住房制度持续健康发展的核心与关键.     

基于价值链模型的商务英语专业人才培养探究

在价值链基本模型的基础上,构建了商务英语专业人才培养的价值链。本文指出要实现人才培养的价值,就要紧抓价值链上的战略环节,发挥核心竞争力。同时,由于现阶段商务英语专业人才的加工环节还存在着一些问题,提出了商务英语专业人才培养的对策。     

成都市景观生态安全格局动态变化

采用1985年、1995年TM和2006年ETM卫星数据作主要数据源,运用GIS技术,以景观生态安全格局理论与方法为指导,研究成都市景观生态安全格局的特点和时空变化趋势,结果表明:1985—2006年,成都市景观生态安全格局的整体生态安全水平分布不平衡,西北部的高山深丘地区和中部平原东面的低山丘陵地区大多处于高安全区,中部盆地平原区和东部浅丘部地区多处在低、中安全区;其中,1985年的生态安全状态最好,高安全区面积所占比例最大;1985—1995年,生态安全状态有所恶化,大部分高安全区转化为中安全区;1995—2006年,生态安全状态有所改善,大部分中安全区再次转化为高安全区。     

Acute phase proteins as a tool for differential diagnosis of wasting diseases in growing pigs

The concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in wasted pigs, first to evaluate their usefulness in the diagnosis of infectious, wasting diseases in pigs, and second, to evaluate whether their concentrations can distinguish the lymphoid depletion score in the lymph tissues of wasted affected pigs. Fifty-three wasted pigs and seven specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were postmortem examined. Gross lesions were evaluated and samples for histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular biology and microbiological analysis were taken. Thirty-one pigs were diagnosed as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 22 as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Lymphoid depletion degree in lymph tissues of PMWS and PRDC affected pigs was determined. Serum Hp was significantly higher in pigs with PRDC in comparison with the PMWS affected pigs. Serum CRP concentration was significantly lower in pigs with PRDC than in PMWS affected pigs (P<0.001). CRP and SAA levels increased with the lymphoid depletion score, presenting statistical differences between pigs with no depletion and pigs with low, moderate or severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001 for CRP and P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01 for SAA, respectively). Hp was higher in pigs with no or low depletion compared with the pigs suffering severe lymphoid depletion (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively).     

Efficacy of QCDCR formulated CpG ODN 2007 in Nile tilapia against Streptococcus iniae and identification of upregulated genes

The potential of using a QCDCR (quilA:cholesterol:dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide:carbopol:R1005 glycolipid) formulated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), ODN 2007, to confer protection in Nile tilapia against Streptococcus iniae infection was evaluated in this study. At two days post treatment, QCDCR formulated ODN 2007 elicited significant (P<0.05) protection to Nile tilapia, with relative percent survival of 63% compared to fish treated by QCDCR alone. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective immunity elicited by ODN 2007, suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization technique was used to identify upregulated genes induced by ODN 2007. A total of 69 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from the subtractive cDNA library. Quantitative PCR revealed that 44 ESTs were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated by ODN 2007, including 29 highly (>10-fold) and 15 moderately (<10-fold) upregulated ESTs. Of all ESTs, putative peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase was upregulated the highest. The 69 ESTs only included six genes that had putative functions related to immunity, of which only two (putative glutaredoxin-1 and carboxypeptidase N catalytic chain) were confirmed to be significantly upregulated. Our results suggest that the protection elicited by ODN 2007 is mainly through innate immune responses directly or indirectly related to immunity.     

Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933): description of adults and additional case reports of neurological diseases in three domestic cats from southern Chile

Adults of Gurltia paralysans were obtained from veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space from three domestic cats presenting with chronic paraparesis/paraplegia from rural areas of southern Chile. Four adult nematodes were collected (2 males and 2 females) were recovered from cat 1, 14 adult nematodes (12 females and 2 males) from cat 2, and 12 nematodes (10 females and 2 males) were collected from cat 3. Parasite induced lesions that compromised subarachnoid vein microvasculature at the thoracic, lumbar, sacral spinal cord segments extending to conus medularis. Female nematodes measured 25 mm long (range=25-30 mm) and 0.1mm wide. Male measured a mean of 16 mm length (range=13-18 mm) with a body diameter of 0.1mm (range=0.08-0.15 mm). The present study described structural features of G. paralysans, a rare parasite first reported in the 1930s, and provides additional reports on associated clinical and pathological findings in naturally infected domestic cats.     

玫瑰鲜花抑菌能力的品种差异及动态变化研究

研究了"紫芙蓉"、"赛西子"、"西子"、"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"5个玫瑰品种的鲜花瓣挥发物对空气中细菌、真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:5个玫瑰品种对细菌、真菌存在不同程度的抑制作用,总抑菌率在品种之间存在极显著性差异(F=8.615,P=0.0001),在初花期、盛花期和末花期之间也存在极显著性差异(F=5.871,P=0.0071)。在5个品种中,"紫枝玫瑰"抑菌效果较好,且在3个开花时期表现较稳定;所测定的5个玫瑰品种的细菌抑菌率存在极显著差异(F=13.405,P=0.0001),其中"紫枝玫瑰"、"西子"、"紫芙蓉"在3个开花时期对细菌均有较好的抑菌效果,且3个开花时期间差异极显著(F=6.512,P=0.0045);但各品种间真菌抑菌率差异不显著,且3个开花时期间差异也不显著;在盛花期"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"、"紫芙蓉"对细菌抑制效果最好,"紫枝玫瑰"、"赛西子"则对真菌有最好的抑制作用。     

钻天柳组织培养技术研究

以钻天柳的休眠枝茎段为外植体,研究了杀菌时间、植物激素、栽培基质对其试管苗生根及移栽后成活率的影响。结果表明:以0.1%HgCl2表面灭菌8min效果最好;在继代增殖培养阶段,MS+BA 1.00mg/L+NAA 0.03mg/L丛生芽诱导率和增殖率最高,分别为96.3%和(28.2±2.8)%。在1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L培养基中的生根效果最好,生根率达到98.5%,移栽时,选择蛭石+草炭土(体积比为1∶1)较好,且有利于试管苗的成活及生长。     

小流域防护林体系的空间对位配置

利用2005年度的IKONOS4卫片(通过解译获得官司河小流域土地利用现状数据)、1:1万森林资源分布图、2007年度森林资源二类调查小班资料,结合样地调查数据以及四川省林业科学研究院森林生态效益定位站(四川绵阳新桥)径流场的有关数据,选取坡度、土层厚、土A层厚、土壤含水率、坡位、土壤类型6个立地特征因子,建立该流域的297个小班物元模型,对其进行适宜性评价,再用层次分析法对其进行优化,从而获得该流域防护林体系空间对位配置。结果表明:1)本区针阔(桤柏/栎柏)混交林面积为124.39hm2,仅占整个有林地面积的14.97%,而针针混交林(松柏)的面积却占27.37%,针叶纯林(马尾松/柏木)的面积更是占42.48%。2)经优化后本区防护林体系分配按面积大小排序为针阔混交林(31.12%)>灌木林(15.5%)>经济林(12.28%)>针针混交林(11.46%)>阔叶纯林(11.41%)>针叶纯林(9.51%)>草地(8.70%)。优化后,年径流总量将减少43171mm,减少62.15%;年土壤侵蚀总量减少465.97t,减少79.66%。3)该流域的防护林体系空间对位配置结果为:①少发展柏木、马尾松纯林,多发展桤柏、栎柏、松栎等针阔混交林。对现有的柏木、马尾松纯林,引进桤木、栎类等树种形成针阔混交林。②柏木纯林和桤柏混交林的郁闭度控制在0.60～0.75,栎柏混交林、松柏混交林、松栎柏混交林则应控制在0.60～0.80。③对现有针叶纯林、针针混交林,采用开窗补阔和密度调节2种方式进行改造。开窗补阔对密度过大的林分进行带状砍伐,砍伐后补植栎类、桤木、香樟、天竺桂等阔叶树种。④在树种的搭配上,根据不同立地条件及树种的适宜性,选择不同的混交比。在中性或微酸性紫色土上,多发展以柏木为主的混交林;在黄壤和酸性紫色土上,则可发展柏木、马尾松与其他阔叶树种的混交林;在灰白砂土上配置以马尾松为主的针阔混交林。阔叶林的比例不少于20%～30%,立地条件好的则可以达到40%左右,以充分发挥防护林的生态效益和增加经济效益。