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31.
Motoki SASAKI Yoko AMANO Daisuke HAYAKAWA Toshio TSUBOTA Hajime ISHIKAWA Toshihiro MOGOE Seiji OHSUMI Masafumi TETSUKA Akio MIYAMOTO Yutaka FUKUI Teguh BUDIPITOJO Nobuo KITAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(1):62-67
In this study, we examined the existence and structure of areolae and the
steroidogenesis of areolar trophoblast cells in the Antarctic minke whale placenta
morphologically and immunohistochemically. Placentas were collected from the 15th, 16th
and 18th Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) and
1st JARPA II organized by the Institute of Cetacean Research in Tokyo, Japan. The opening
and cavity of fetal areolae formed by taller columnar trophoblast cells (areolar
trophoblast cells) with long microvilli and a bright cytoplasm, as compared with the
trophoblast cells of the chorionic villi interdigitating with the endometrial crypts, were
recognized in observations of serial sections. The opening of the areolar cavity was
hidden by chorionic villi with areolar trophoblast cells. Furthermore, a closed pouch-like
structure lined by tall columnar cells similar to areolar trophoblast cells within the
stroma of chorionic villi was noticed and continued to the areolar cavity, with the
opening seen on serial sections. In a surface investigation of the chorion and endometrium
by SEM, maternal (endometrial) areolae irregularly surrounded by endometrial folds were
obvious. Moreover, we distinguished areolar trophoblast cells with long microvilli
attached with many blebs from trophoblast cells. In our immunohistochemical observations,
a steroidogenic enzyme, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), was detected
with strong immunoreactivity in trophoblast cells. However, areolar trophoblast cells
showed weak or no immunoreactivity for P450scc. 相似文献
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The element contents in the compartments of root and leaf cells of soybean and cucumber plants grown for 8 d in a nutrient solution containing 50 mM NaCl, 25 mM CaCl2 or 50 mM NaCl+4.75 mM CaSO4 were examined by X-ray microanalysis of freeze-substituted dry sections. Sodium accumulated in the vacuoles rather than in the cytoplasm and apoplastic space in the root cells of the soybean plants, leading to the difficulty in the transport of Na to leaves in soybean. Salt injury of soybean is considered to be caused by the accumulation of Cl at high concentrations in all the compartments of root and leaf cells. In contrast, the accumulation of Na in the cytoplasm of the root and leaf cells might disturb the metabolism and lead to the occurrence of salt toxicity in cucumber plants, which are tolerant to Cl due to the stimulation of Cl accumulation in vacuoles when the Ca concentration was high in nutrient media. 相似文献
34.
The purpose of this study is to quantify the rice harvest losses in China and to evaluate the impacts of machinery and harvest outsourcing services on these losses, given the background of high-speed mechanization and outsourcing services. Data were collected from a national survey conducted in 2016 by the research team in conjunction with the Research Center for the Rural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. A non-parametric method was used to test whether combine harvesting and outsourcing services could significantly reduce harvest losses. Next, quantile regression was used to estimate the real effects of machinery and outsourcing services on harvest losses. The analysis yielded four main study outcomes. First, the harvest loss rate of rice in China was 3.65%. Second, mechanical reaping and winnowing caused greater losses than manual methods, while the opposite was true of field transportation. Third, combine harvesting increased the losses. Fourth, the effects of an outsourcing service on losses differed among the different harvesting methods. Outsourcing services increased losses in segmented harvesting but they reduced losses in combine harvesting. 相似文献
35.
Hayashida A Endo H Sasaki M Oshida T Kimura J Waengsothorn S Kitamura N Yamada J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):149-157
The geographical variation of the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) was examined using osteometry of skull in Southeast Asia. From the principal component analysis (PCA), the plots of the northern localities from Nan to Kanchanaburi and those of the southern localities from Narathiwat to Kuala Lumpur in male were completely separated. In female, the plots of the locality from Uttradit to Kanchanaburi and those of the locality from Pattani to Negri Sembilan were completely separated. We called these northern localities and southern localities which are distinguished by the PCA as N group and S group. The size and shape of the skulls of these squirrels indicated the differences between N group and S group from t-test and U-test. These results may be influenced by the two transitions of the phytogeography around the southernmost locality in N group and the northernmost locality in S group in the peninsular Thailand and Malay Peninsula. Localities which are located between N and S groups were called the Middle (M) group. From the PCA among N, S groups and each locality of M group, the plots of localities such as Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Trang in both sexes of M group could not be separated from those of N and S groups. We suggest that the sympatric distribution of N and S groups and the hybrid of N and S populations may be seen in these localities of M group. 相似文献
36.
Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures that protect chromosomal ends. Protection of telomeres 1 (Pot1) binds to the telomeric G-rich overhang, thereby protecting telomeres and regulating telomerase. Mammalian POT1 and TPP1 interact and constitute part of the six-protein shelterin complex. Here we report that Tpz1, the TPP1 homolog in fission yeast, forms a complex with Pot1. Tpz1 binds to Ccq1 and the previously undiscovered protein Poz1 (Pot1-associated in Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which protect telomeres redundantly and regulate telomerase in positive and negative manners, respectively. Thus, the Pot1-Tpz1 complex accomplishes its functions by recruiting effector molecules Ccq1 and Poz1. Moreover, Poz1 bridges Pot1-Tpz1 and Taz1-Rap1, thereby connecting the single-stranded and double-stranded telomeric DNA regions. Such molecular architectures are similar to those of mammalian shelterin, indicating that the overall DNA-protein architecture is conserved across evolution. 相似文献
37.
Ohtsuka T Sawa A Kawabata R Nio N Motoki M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(12):6230-6233
Transglutaminase (epsilon-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutaminyl-transferase, EC 2.3.2.13) (TGase) is an enzyme that catalyzes acyl transfer reactions between primary amines and Gln residues in proteins and peptides. The substrate specificity of TGase for primary amines was investigated to incorporate various functional groups into proteins and peptides. In this study, microbial transglutaminase and guinea pig liver transglutaminase were used. For the primary amines to be incorporated into benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Gln-Gly (Z-Gln-Gly), they were required to have more than four carbon chains without side chains between the functional groups. These results suggest that with appropriate primary amines as spacers, various functional groups, carboxyl groups, phosphate groups, saccharides, and so on, can be incorporated into proteins by using TGase. 相似文献
38.
Leidede R.M. Andrade Motoki Ikeda Junji Ishizuka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):651-657
Extract As previously reported (Taylor and Foy 1985; Keltjens and Ulden 1987; Grauer and Horst 1990; Galvez and Clark 1991), plant species and varieties widely differ in Al tolerance. Although many hypotheses about the physiological mechanism(s) involved in Al tolerance have been formulated, the mechanism(s) has not been elucidated. However, it is obvious that when exposed to Al at high concentrations, Al-tolerant plants seem to be able to avoid the toxicity by refraining from excess uptake of Al or by chelating of Al in the rhizosphere or in the roots. In such ways, Al can not affect the growth of tolerant plants (Foy et al. 1978). 相似文献
39.
Miho Shimizu Motoki Hayashi Kazuo Matsuya Jun Murase Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):877-881
Abstract The amount and composition of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the percolating water taken from different depths of soil (10 cm, PW10; 40 cm, PW40) and floodwater (FW) in a paddy field were compared during the period of rice cultivation. The amounts of PLFAs in PW10, PW40, and FW ranged from 22.6 to 46.2 μg L?1, from 22.3 to 54.5 μg L?1, and from 82.9 to 179.0 μg L?1, respectively. The PLFA profiles in PW10, PW40, and FW were similar to each other and 16 : 1ω7c, 18 : 1ω7, and 16 : 0 PLFAs were dominant components, irrespective of the sampling site and sampling time. High proportions of straight mono-unsaturated PLFAs ranging from 42.0 to 76.5% suggested that Gram-negative bacteria were the major members in the microbial communities of the water samples studied. A potential indicator of the environmental stresses imposed upon the microbiota that was represented by the trans vs. cis ratio of 16 : 17 PLFA was constantly low (< 0.05), indicating that the microbial communities at these sites were hardly stressed. 相似文献
40.
The metabolism of exogenous glucose-14C in the light and the dark was studied in the detached leaves of tomato plants grown with ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. In the light, 14CO2, release and incorporation of glucose into insoluble materials were hardly affected at all by the nitrogen sources. Among the soluble labelled amino acids, serine had the greatest amount of label in the ammonium-plants while aspartate had the greatest amount in the nitrate-plants. This aspartate was synthesized from C3-compounds by carboxylation. During dark-light transition, the change in the composition of soluble amino acids was more rapid in the ammonium-plants than in the nitrate-plants. In the dark, 14CO2-release, which was ten times as much as in the light, was larger in the ammonium-plants than in the nitrate-plants; but the synthesis of high molecular compounds from glucose in the ammonium-plants was about half that in the nitrate-plants. So, it is considered that respiration operates sufficiently in the ammonium-plants. The effects of DCMU and a 100% O2 atmosphere on glucose metabolism in both groups of plants were studied and the respiration of leaves in the light was discussed. 相似文献