小葱(Allium ascalonicum L.)的染色体多态性研究

对小葱一个种群的38个个体进行染色体计数和核型分析。共发现5种核型,除核型具有多态性外,笔者还发现非整倍体和B染色体。在这一种群中,3个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=12m+2sm+2st(2SAT),17个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=14m+2st(2SAT),7个个体的染色体组型是2n=2x=12m+2sm+2st+1B,5个个体的染色体组型是2n=13m+2st(2SAT),6个个体的染色体组型是2n=10m+2m(2SAT)+2sm+1st。并对小葱染色体多态性的成因进行讨论。     

Estudio Histoquímico de las Fibras Musculares de Algunos Teleósteos Marinos y de Agua Dulce

Histochemical and morphological studies of skeletal muscle of some fresh and salt water fish is presented. Distribution of three muscle types, red, intermediate and white, is discussed.     

柴达木城市绿化草种与树种选择

介绍了海西州地区柴达木城市的特殊干旱、寒冷气候类型中可供选择的绿化树种，和草坪草。     

新生仔猪对外源抗体的吸收及乳糖对其吸收的影响

选择48头自然分娩、3～4胎、初生重1.25～1.5kg 的大白猪(♂)×内蒙黑猪(♀)杂交F1 代新生仔猪参试。其中24头于出生后的6小时之内用人工瓶哺的方法分别饲喂0(对照组)、1、2、3、4、8g的外源PIgG ;另外24头出生后的18小时之内分别饲喂不同含量的乳糖 ,然后开始饲喂一定浓度的外源PIgG ,分别研究了生新仔猪对外源PIgG吸收及乳糖对其吸收的影响。研究结果表明 ,仔猪出生后没有吸吮初乳之前其血清中的IgG含量甚微 ,为(0.12±0.058)mg/ml;随着饲喂浓度的增加新生仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收也增加(P<0.05) ,到出生后12小时 ,仔猪血清中的IgG含量达到峰值 ,随后逐渐下降 ,下降趋势与自然哺乳仔猪血清IgG的消长规律相似。若仔猪出生后仅喂给不含PIgG的人工初乳 ,则仔猪血清中的IgG水平在出生后的72小时之内一直保持刚出生时的水平(P>0.05) ,表明在此阶段内仔猪还没有合成自身IgG的能力。仔猪出生后饲喂8g 外源PIgG ,其血清中的IgG峰值能达到22.18mg/ml ,这一值与自然哺乳情况下的峰值相比相差甚大。乳糖强烈抑制新生仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收(P<0.05) ,给仔猪饲喂10g乳糖后与对照组(水)比较 ,仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收将减少45.31 % ,而喂50g乳糖则减少92.02 %。在本试验条件下 ,乳糖浓度对新生仔猪吸收PIgG的抑制曲线为典型     

日本甜柿开花习性的调查研究

为了给日本甜柿栽培技术提供理论依据和制定科学的管理措施提供参考,以提高贵州柿树的管理水平。连续3年(2012—2014)对日本甜柿开花习性进行了调查研究。结果表明:结果母枝直径直接影响不同大小直径结果母枝的百分率,直径以7.1~8.0mm为最高,其次是直径为6.1~7.0mm,再次是直接5.1~6.0mm;结果母枝直径也直接影响结果母枝萌芽率、开花枝长度、直径、花节位百分率、花序种类、花序量、花种类和花量等内容,以处理4(直径为6.1mm≤d7.0mm)的效果最好,其次是处理3(直径为5.1mm≤d6.0mm)的效果,再次是处理5(直径为7.1mm≤d8.0mm)的效果;结果母枝长度直接影响结果母枝萌芽率、结果母枝抽开花枝长度、直径、花节位百分率、抽开花枝开一顶花两侧花花序量、一顶花一侧花花序量、一顶花花序量、花序总量、开顶花量、侧花量和总花量等内容,结果母枝越长,其效果越好;结果母枝部位直接影响结果母枝抽开花枝长度、直径、花节位百分率、抽开花枝开一顶花两侧花花序量、一顶花一侧花花序量、一顶花花序量、花序总量、开顶花量、侧花量和总花量等内容,在结果母枝的越上部,其效果越好。培养结果母蔓直径大小时,以直径6.1~7.0mm为主,配合直径为5.1~6.0mm和7.1~8.0mm;培养结果母枝长度以长的结果母枝为主,配合较长的结果母枝;结果母枝着生部位,以母枝顶芽结果母枝为主,配合次芽结果母枝。     

Two genes and linked RAPD markers involved in resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris race 0 in chickpea

The inheritance of resistance to fusarium wilt race 0 of chickpea and linked random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were studied in two F₆:₇ recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. These RILs were developed from the crosses CA2156 × JG62 (susceptible × resistant) and CA2139 × JG62 (resistant × resistant), and were sown in a field infected with fusarium wilt race 0 in Beja (Tunisia) over 2 years. A1:1 resistant to susceptible ratio was found in the RIL population from the CA2156 × JG62 cross, indicating that a single gene with two alleles controlled resistance. In the second RIL population (CA2139 × JG62) a 3:1 resistant to susceptible ratio indicated that two genes were present and that either gene was sufficient to confer resistance. Linkage analysis showed a RAPD marker, OPJ20600, linked to resistance in both RIL populations, which is present in the resistant parent JG62.     

New Isozyme Markers in Vicia faba: Inheritance and Linkage

Results on the inheritance of 6 enzyme systems: LDH, PGM, FDH, SKD, SOD, AAT from seeds of Vicia faba and the linkage relationships among these isozyme loci are presented. The allozymes at each one of these loci behaved in a codominant manner and segregated in the expected Mendelian ratio. Linkage tests between these loci showed that they segregate independently.     

New strategies for increasing heterozygosity in crops: Vicia faba mating system as a study case

Our research assesses the feasibility of using artificial selection on pre-mating floral traits to modify the mating system of faba bean (Vicia faba). This analysis considered two synthetic populations, which were derived from different genetic pools and had undergone five years of multiplication. For these populations, we identified floral and inflorescence traits that influence outcrossing per plant and examined the relative importance of these traits in governing yield. Codominant isozyme loci and the mixed-mating model were used to estimate the multilocus female outcrossing rate. A maternal half-sib design was used to evaluate the additive genetic component of floral and inflorescence traits, yield and yield components. Multiple regression was used to assess the effects of floral and inflorescence traits on outcrossing and yield and components of yield. The two populations exhibited mixing mating. Self-fertilization appears to result from the action of pollinating bees, so that its incidence could be modified by selection on floral and inflorescence traits that affect pollination. Floral and inflorescence traits affected individual differences in outcrossing unequally, with most variation being associated with the numbers of displayed flowers and inflorescences. Variation among plants in reward traits and in shape, although statistically significant, had limited and inconsistent influences on individual differences in outcrossing. Yield and its components varied strongly with aspects of floral display and, to a lesser extent, floral design, except for seed weight. Overall, our results imply that both outcrossing and yield could be enhanced by selection for plants that produce more inflorescences, each with relatively few flowers.     

不同N水平的富营养化水体中经济植物净化能力比较研究

为建立净化富营养化水体的生态工程，本试验选择水芹、水蕹菜、韭菜、葱、黄花菜、芹菜等6种经济植物，研究了各种植物的净化能力及其生物学特性。结果表明：每种经济植物对水体总氮、总磷均有一定的去除作用，特别是水芹和水蕹菜，其在试验的20d内，对总氮、总磷的去除百分率分别为89．5％，98．2％；同时还对6种经济植物引起水体总氮浓度下降与时间关系作回归分析，结果表明随着处理时间的延长，水体中总氮浓度呈负指数形式衰减。本文还对在植物处理过程中，水中Chla、BODs和COD的变化进行了观测。研究表明，在高N水平的富营养化水中除水芹和水蕹菜外，Chla、BOD。和COD随处理时间的延长而下降，但在韭菜和葱处理过程中，水中腥味加重。各项指标综合分析表明，在不同N水平的富营养化水体中，水蕹菜处理效果最好，水芹次之，黄花菜和芹菜居中，韭菜最差。     

Off-vine grape drying effect on volatile compounds and aromatic series in must from Pedro Ximénez grape variety

Changes in 36 volatile compounds of must from ripe grapes dried by direct exposure to sun and must from ripe grapes were studied. Compounds not dependent on sampling site in both musts were selected, and their concentration/Brix degree ratio values, were subjected to variance analysis. Only butan-1-ol and isoamyl alcohols showed no differences, while (E)-hex-3-en-1-ol, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, (E)-hex-2-enal, hexanoic acid, isobutanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-hexalactone, and 5-methylfurfural, showed significant differences between the two must types, which may be ascribed to the drying process. An approach to describe must odor has been carried out by grouping volatile compounds in aromatic series, increasing their values in the fruity, solvent, sweet, and roasted series and diminishing the herbaceous as a consequence of the drying process.