水分管理对水稻镉吸收的影响

以晚稻品种玉针香和湘晚籼12号为供试材料,研究了3种水分灌溉方式(W1,长期淹水灌溉;W2,湿润灌溉;W3,阶段性湿润灌溉)对水稻糙米镉含量的影响。结果表明,在水稻生长的3个关键时期(分蘖期、灌浆期、成熟期),各部位镉含量、富集系数均以W3处理最高,W1处理最低;玉针香糙米镉含量W1处理分别比W2、W3处理低56.52%和66.67%,且W1处理与W3处理间存在显著差异;湘晚籼12号糙米镉含量W1处理分别比W2、W3处理低65.22%和52.94%,但各处理间差异不显著。可见,长期淹水灌溉是一项能够有效降低糙米镉含量的农艺措施。     

Performance of a photo‐heterotrophic,hypersaline system for intensive cultivation of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with minimal water replacement in lined ponds using a stochastic approach

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in an intensive photo‐heterotrophic hypersaline system with minimal seawater replacement, and establish relationships between parameters of a stochastic production model and relevant water quality variables. Six experimental 1000 m² lined ponds were stocked at a density of 120 shrimp m^?2 for a 105‐day trial. Salinity increased from 37 to 45 ± 2 g/L, and the water level was maintained with the weekly addition of filtered seawater, equivalent to 1.6% per day. The stochastic model predicted that, at harvest, there is 95% confidence that the system produces between 12.1 and 14.7 t/ha with a mean final individual weight of 13.1 g and a mean survival of 84.2%. Sensitivity analyses showed that dissolved oxygen and individual final weight of shrimp were the main variables influencing yield variance. Nitrogenous compounds were maintained between optimal cultivation levels (NH₃–NH₄⁺ = 0.73 ± 0.43 mg/L, N–NO₂^? = 0.09 ± 0.05 mg/L, N–NO₃^? = 3.22 ± 0.11 mg/L). Heterotrophic bacteria (6.6 ± 3.4 × 10⁵ CFU/ml) and chlorophyll‐α concentration (108.5 ± 80.2 μg/L) showed a similar development pattern, indicating a strong relationship between bacteria and microalgae during cultivation. Vibrio spp. concentrations were low (1.24 ± 1.42 × 10³ CFU/ml). It was shown that the photo‐heterotrophic system could be used in hypersaline conditions, typical of semi‐arid regions, to consistently produce between 12.1 and 14.7 t/ha in 15 weeks.     

不同种植制度对土壤质量的影响

[目的]探讨由大田作物转变为大棚蔬菜生产过程中土壤性状变化及其可能对环境产生的不利影响。[方法]于2007～2009年跟踪调查了上海崇明主要种植制度（露地轮作、温室轮作和温室单作）下农户施肥、灌溉及作物生长状况,并分析了土壤质量的变化。[结果]不同种植制度显著影响土壤质量。与露地轮作相比,温室栽培下过量有机肥和无机肥的投入显著提高了土壤中有机碳、矿质氮、有效磷和可交换钾的含量。温室单作和温室轮作分别导致土壤pH下降0.6和0.4,而露地土壤pH变化不大。同时,温室栽培土壤中EC值、NO3-和Cl-含量均显著高于露地轮作土壤,且随种植年限的增加有增加的趋势,而露地土壤盐分变化不明显。[结论]农户缺乏科学的田间管理指导、一味追求短时期内的高产、过量的施肥灌溉及高复种指数是导致温室土壤严重盐渍化的主要原因。     

半干旱区造林技术初探

在半干旱地区植苗造林成活与否 ,取决于从选择良种壮苗到抗旱栽植管理整个过程中的苗木水分状况     

2个甜柿品种果实的生长发育规律

为了对优化甜柿品种的栽培管理措施提供参考,于2008-2009年对2个引进甜柿品种的果实纵横径生长发育动态进行了研究.结果表明:1)新次朗品种果实纵径和横径的生长发育从5月中旬花谢后坐果开始,到8月下旬停止生长,整个生长发育期达102 d;果实在生长期出现3次生长高峰,第1次果实纵径生长高峰同时出现在6月8日;第2次果...     

内毒素对肝细胞凋亡及Bcl-2表达的影响

运用免疫组化技术研究内毒素对肝细胞凋亡及Bcl-2表达的影响。48只SD大鼠随机分成两组,Ⅰ组为对照组（静脉注射生理盐水）,Ⅱ组为内毒素组（静脉注射内毒素5mg／kg）。分别在注射后3h、4h、8h、12h每组各迫杀6只,用流式细胞术检测肝细胞的凋亡及免疫组化技术观察内毒素对肝细胞Bcl-2表达的影响。结果显示,Ⅱ组凋亡肝细胞百分比明显高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．01）;Ⅱ组呈上升趋势;Ⅰ组Bcl-2的积分光密度明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．01）,且Ⅱ组一直呈下降趋势。结果表明,在体内内毒素可诱导肝细胞凋亡和抑制Bcl-2的表达。     

花椒林在喀斯特石漠化治理中的碳汇效益

[目的]评价石漠化地区花椒林的碳汇功能,为石漠化治理工程的碳汇效益提供技术示范与参考。[方法]以贵州省花江喀斯特石漠化治理示范区生态环境综合治理模式下顶坛花椒(Zanthoxylum planispinum)为研究对象,依据当地的石漠化现状,通过测定强度、中度和轻度石漠化和不同龄级的花椒林生物量、土壤深度和持土量,对花椒林碳汇量进行估算。[结果]石漠化程度越高,花椒林碳汇量越低,反之,石漠化程度越低,花椒林碳汇量越大,其中轻度石漠化花椒林碳密度为3.24t/hm2,中度石漠化为3.12t/hm~2,强度石漠化为2.81t/hm~2,轻度中度强度;随着土壤深度和持土量的增加,花椒林碳汇量也呈现增加的趋势。[结论]花椒林的平均碳密度为3.06t/hm~2,花椒林的综合最优碳汇经济效益为1.92×10~4~2.56×10~4元/hm~2。     

Lentivirus-mediated calcitonin gene-related peptide transfection enhances endothelial differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM：To study the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gene transfection mediated by lentivirus on the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells. METHODS：Rat bone marrow MSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherence method. Recombinant lentivirus vector carrying CGRP gene (Lenti-CGRP) was transfected into the MSCs. The secretion of CGRP in culture supernatants of the transfected MSCs was detected using ELISA method. The cells at passage 3 were divided into three groups: CGRP group (MSCs transfected with Lenti-CGRP), CGRP+CGRP8-37 (an antagonist of CGRP receptor) group and control group (MSCs transfected with PBS). The differentiation of the MSCs was detected by immunocytochemical staining for CD31 and factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The proliferation of the cells was measured by cell counting, and the angiogenic ability of the cells was analyzed using Matrigel assay. RESULTS：The proportion of CD31-and factor Ⅷ-related antigen-positive cells in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). The numbers of the cells in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups were significantly increased compared with control group (P<0.05). Lumen-like structures were observed in CGRP and CGRP+CGRP8-37 groups. The above indexes in CGRP+CGRP8-37 group were reduced compared with CGRP group. CONCLUSION: Transfection with CGRP gene induces rat bone marrow MSCs to differentiate into endothelial cells and enhances their proliferation, suggesting that CGRP may play a role in the regulation of angiogenesis.     

植物小肽替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及肠道发育的影响

试验旨在研究植物小肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及肠道发育的影响。选择体重为9.56 kg左右的35日龄健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪120头,按照体重相似的原则随机分为2个处理,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含2.5%鱼粉),试验组添加2%植物小肽(替代基础饲粮中2.5%鱼粉)。试验期28 d。结果表明,植物小肽组仔猪日增重和日采食量分别比对照组提高5.88%(P<0.05)和2.67%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低2.74%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,植物小肽组仔猪十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的绒腺比(V/C)也显著提高(P<0.05)。综合来看,断奶仔猪饲粮中2%植物小肽替代2.5%鱼粉促进了仔猪肠道发育,提高了生长性能。