不同繁育方式的桑树对淹水胁迫的生理生态响应差异

【目的】研究淹水胁迫下不同繁育方式桑树的叶片光合生理参数、渗透调节物质和保护酶系统的动态变化,揭示不同繁育方式桑树对水淹逆境的响应策略及差异,为桑树在消落带逆境的生态修复应用提供理论基础。【方法】选择嫁接、扦插繁殖的蜀果（SG）和澳玉（AY）桑苗,通过套盆模拟水淹胁迫（ys）,在0、3、7、12、18天测定桑树叶片的光合参数、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量（可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛）及叶片保护酶活性（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化酶）的动态变化,探讨不同繁育方式桑树对水淹逆境的响应差异。【结果】1)叶绿素含量随水淹天数增加而下降,但不同品种桑苗之间有差异（P>0.05）; 2) CK处理叶片的净光合速率（P_n）日变化呈双峰曲线,而ys处理的桑苗呈单峰曲线,且扦插繁育的值大于嫁接繁育（P>0.05）,桑树叶片光合参数动态变化结果显示,各处理桑树叶片、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（Tr）随水淹胁迫时间的延长呈先下降后上升趋势,且扦插繁育值大于嫁接繁育（P>0.05）; 3)随着水淹时间延长,各处...     

桉树扦插育苗轻基质试验

试验结果表明：在１２种不同配方基质中,各组合基质间的干、湿重达极显著差异,扦插生根率和杯期苗木高生长达显著或极显著差异。以容积比为２：１的炭化木糠＋黄心土基质的平均每扦插杯干重和湿重都最轻,分别为４０．９ｇ和５２．１ｇ;扦插平均生根率最高的为泥炭土＋黄心土基质,生根率最低的为容积比１：１的炭化栲胶渣＋黄心土基质,分别为８５．％和６．７％;从基质改良角度考虑,容积比为２：１：１的木糠＋黄粘土＋黄心土     

Soil and litter fauna of cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia,Brazil

Agroforestry systems deposit great amounts of plant residues on soil and this leads to high levels of soil organic matter content and has increased soil biodiversity and improved its conservation. This study compares the distribution of meso and macrofaunal communities in soil and litter under cacao agroforestry systems and in a natural forest in the southern Bahia state of Brazil. Soil and litter samples were obtained in September 2003, February 2004, and August 2004 in five cacao agroforestry systems. The systems evaluated included: cacao renewed under Erythrina sp. (Erythrina poeppigiana) (CRE); cacao renewed under natural forest (Cabruca, CRF); an old cacao system under Erythrina sp. (OCE); an old cacao system under a natural forest system (Cabruca, OCF) and a cacao germplasm collection area (CGC). As a reference soil and litter under a natural forest (NF) was included. Organisms were collected over a 15-day period with a Berlese–Tullgren apparatus. The density and richness of total fauna varied distinctly according to sites, sampling time and material sampled (soil and litter). 16,409 of fauna were recovered from soil and litter samples and the density of total fauna was 2,094 individuals m⁻² in the litter and 641 individuals m⁻² in the soil. The richness was 11.8 in the litter and 7.5 in the soil. The cacao agroforestry systems adopted for growing cacao in the southern Bahia region of Brazil have beneficial effects on the soil and litter faunal communities, and such systems of cacao cultivation could be considered as a conservation system for soil fauna. The development of a litter layer resulted in higher abundance and diversity of soil fauna.     

Effects of elevated nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon in major subtropical forests of southern China

2003

Wallenstein M D.McNulty S.Fernandez I J.Boggs J Schlesinger W H Nitrogen fertilization decreases forest soil fungal and bacterial biomass in three long-term experiments [其它论文] 2006

Wang X F.Li S Y.Bai K J.Kuang T Y Influence of doubled CO2 on plant growth and soil microbial biomass C and N 1998(12)

Xue J H.Mo J M.Li J.Li D J The short-term response of soil microorganism number to simulated nitrogen deposition 2007(02)

Yao W H.Yu Z Y The nutrient content of throughfall inside the artificial forests on downland 1995

Yi Z G.Yi W M.Zhou L X.Wang X M Soil microbial biomass of the main forests in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve 2005(05)

Zhou G Y.Yan J H The influence of region atmospheric precipitation characteristics and its element inputs on the existence and development of Dinghushan forest ecosystems [其它论文] -Acta Ecologica Sinica2001

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Division of ecological species groups and functional groups based on interspecific association — a case study of the tree layer in the tropical lowland rainforest of Jianfenling in Hainan Island, China

Twenty-three sample plots dominated by Vatica mangachapoi at various elevations in the tropical lowland rainforest in the Jianfengling National Nature Reserve of Hainan Island were established. The interspecific association among the 32 dominant species was analyzed and the division of ecological species groups and functional groups are discussed. The results showed that these dominant populations had an overall positive interspecific association. The species pairs with significant, positive association accounted for only about 10% of the total 496 species pairs. Most of the other species pairs showed weak association or non-association, i.e., the dominant populations investigated had relatively independent distributions. The 32 dominant species were divided into four ecological species groups and ten functional groups according to their interspecific association coefficients, based on a cluster analysis of the species. Recognition characteristics of the ten functional groups are proposed. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(4): 9–16 [译自: 林业科学]     

稀有植物喜荫草种群结构及所在群落结构特征

文章对我国热带地区出现的稀有植物喜荫草S.tenella Bl.的种群结构及其所在群落结构特征进行描述。结果表明喜荫草在野外出现的频度较小,不易于被发现;但其种群结构较为稳定,更新良好。而且,喜荫草种群所在群落存在一定数量的本土特有种和保护植物,喜荫草能与它们良好的共生,它主要生长区域集中在尖峰岭自然保护区的范围内,得到良好的保护。     

一株曲霉的一种中温糖化酶的纯化及其部分酶学特性

本研究从广西花坪自然保护区采集的土壤中筛选获得了一株产糖化酶丝状真菌菌株57-45,通过形态学观察和真菌内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）序列比对分析,将其初步鉴定为曲霉属（Aspergillus sp.）的一个种。纯化真菌57-45所产的一种胞外糖化酶经过硫酸铵分级沉淀、疏水层析和阴离子交换层析三步蛋白质纯化步骤,得到在SDS-PAGE上约60kD的单一蛋白质条带,薄层层析分析表明该纯化的蛋白质水解可溶性淀粉的产物只有葡萄糖,证明该纯化的蛋白质为糖化酶。纯化的糖化酶Km值为1.9mg/mL,Vmax为4148μmol/（min·mg）,最适作用pH5.5,最适作用温度50℃,在同步糖化发酵中有应用的潜力。金属离子Fe3＋、Zn2＋、Cu2＋对酶活有较强的抑制作用,EDTA对酶活有较强的促进作用。本文结果将为进一步研究曲霉糖化酶的酶学特性提供新的材料。     

旅游发展背景下民族村落的社会变迁及其启示——以神农溪罗平村为例

对湖北省神农溪罗平村发展旅游5年来带来的生产方式、生活方式、行为方式、组织结构、族群认同等方面变迁的描述,得出以下结论：旅游发展导致的社会变迁是全面的;旅游发展导致的社会变迁规律与旅游发展规律相适应;旅游发展导致的社会变迁与文化变迁相依存。     

广西边境地区活禽批发市场禽流感流行病学监测

为了给广西边境地区重大动物疫病防控阻截带建设提供数据支持,以及了解中越边境地区家禽禽流感病毒生态学,2012年12月—2017年12月,对广西边境地区主要活禽批发市场家禽及市场环境进行了系统监测。结果显示:广西边境地区活禽批发市场内禽流感病毒污染较重,呈多亚型病毒共存状态;家禽样品的平均病毒分离率为15.95%,环境样品则高达23.65%,明显高于家禽样品。市场调查发现:广西9个边境县(市、区)中,年活禽交易量在100万只以上的有5个;市场交易活禽主要为本地散养或规模场养殖家禽、从其他地区批发转运来的家禽以及边境走私家禽;大部分活禽市场没有配备消毒和无害化处理设施,也未严格执行休市制度。监测和调查结果表明,广西边境地区活禽批发市场家禽交易量大且频繁,来源复杂;市场中禽流感病毒污染严重,多亚型病毒在市场内常年蓄积循环,且存在家禽隐性带毒现象,因而有病毒散播风险。污染严重主要是因市场管理水平不高和生物安全措施不到位造成的,因此需要加强市场的动物卫生监管,提高禽流感监测力度。     

杂交泡桐“毛白33”与其回交一代的光合特性比较1）

为了比较自然条件下杂交泡桐“毛白33”（TF33）和其回交一代（BC1（194）、BC1（192））的光合生理差异,采用Li－6400 XT光合测定系统,分别测定了其生长季内6—10月份的净光合速率（ Pn ）、气孔导度（ Gs ）、胞间CO2摩尔分数、蒸腾速率（ Tr ）等光合参数的日变化,以揭示参试无性系的光合能力与主要生理生态因子的关系。结果显示：（1）6月份TF33的净光合速率日变化为双峰曲线,而BC1（194）和BC1（192）的为单峰型曲线,7—10月份参试无性系均为双峰型曲线且存在明显的“午休”现象。（2）6月份时BC1（192）叶片的最大净光合速率（Pmax）和光饱和点（PLS）显著高于BC1（194）和TF33,其超亲优势率分别为36．23％和34．49％,平均净光合速率（Pa）超亲杂种优势率为2．90％,光补偿点（PLC）和暗呼吸速率（Rd ）差别不大。（3）7、8月份时, BC1（194）较TF33的光补偿点（PLC）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）有显著的负向优势。（4）10月份时BC1（194）和 BC1（192）的表观量子效率和最大净光合速率显著高于TF33,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率显著低于TF33,Pa 超亲杂种优势率分别为23．85％和5．52％。（5）除10月份TF33和BC1（194）的净光合速率与气孔导度相关不显著、BC1（192）的净光合速率与气孔导度呈极显著相关外,6—9月份净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈极显著正相关（ p≤0．01）,午间净光合速率的降低可能是由气孔因素引起的。研究表明,整个生长季杂交泡桐回交一代只在生长初期和末期有显著的光合速率优势,其可能存在光合时间上的优势。