幼穗分化期喷施表油菜素内酯（epi-BR）对水稻穗部性状的影响

以5个水稻品种为材料,在水稻幼穗分化的苞分化期（T1）、枝梗分化期（T2）、颖花分化期（T3）、花粉母细胞形成及减数分裂期(T4)和花粉充实完成期（T5)分别喷施低浓度（C1：0.005mg/L）、中浓度（C2：0.010mg/L）和高浓度（C3：0.015mg/L）的表油菜素内酯（epi-Brassinosteroid,简写为epi-BR）,研究其对水稻穗部性状的影响。结果表明,喷施不同浓度的epi-BR后,穗长和穗粒数均显著高于对照（CK）,穗长不同浓度epi-BR处理间差异不显著,穗粒数C2、C3处理间差异显著。施用不同浓度的epi-BR对一次枝梗结实率的影响未达显著水平,但中浓度的epi-BR可显著提高二次枝梗结实率,进而显著提高整穗的结实率。喷施epi-BR可显著降低千粒重（包括一次枝梗和二次枝梗千粒重）,且epi-BR浓度越高,降低千粒重的效果越明显。喷施epi-BR可显著降低着粒密度,且低浓度epi-BR和中浓度epi-BR的降低效果比高浓度epi-BR更为明显。在幼穗分化的不同时期喷施epi-BR后对穗长的促进效果T4>T1>T5>T3>T2,对穗粒数的促进效果T1>T3>T2>T4>T5,对结实率的促进效果以T4时期施用最为明显,对枝梗数和千粒重性状的影响不同施用时期间差异不大,施用时期越延后降低着粒密度的效果越明显。epi-BR的施用浓度与施用时期间具有互作效应,本研究针对不同穗部性状的调控效果,确定了效应最大时的施用浓度与施用时期组合。     

草鱼肾组织细胞系CIK的建立及其生物学特性

作者于1982年1月开始进行草鱼肾组织单层细胞培养，至今已连续培养32个月，传至120多代，建立了细胞系，定名为草鱼肾组织细胞系(CIK)。本文介绍了原代和传代培养、细胞形态、细胞生长速度和分裂指数、细胞的保存和对温度的适应性、细胞染色体分析以及细胞系对病毒敏感性的试验和研究结果。CIK生长迅速、适应性强、以20℃-38℃生长较好，28℃左右生长稳定，pH为6．5时仍能保持致密单层，染色体数为非整倍体，众数为55。对草鱼出血病左右病毒FRV具敏感性。     

落叶松木材的热解特性

采用热重分析仪研究了在不同升温速率、粒径下,落叶松树皮和实木的热解特性.结果表明:升温速率升高使热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)曲线向高温侧移动,热解主要阶段变宽;粒径增大,DTG曲线温度增加,GDT绝对值减少;落叶松树皮GDT最大值为-0.0048,落叶松实木GDT最大值为-0.01,落叶松实木的热解转化率大于落叶松树皮的热解转化率.     

Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

不同载畜率下短花针茅草原土壤水分空间异质性的分析

以短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)草原为研究对象,采用经典统计学和地统计学的方法对不同载畜率样地(不放牧、轻度放牧、中度放牧和重度放牧)的土壤水分进行描述性统计、半变异函数及空间插值分析,旨在研究载畜率对荒漠草原土壤水分空间异质性的影响。结果表明,01)各处理的土壤含水量均随载畜率的增大而逐渐升高,各处理的变异系数(CV)在7.29%~9.79%,均呈弱变异性。2)半变异函数分析显示各处理的土壤水分含量均呈指数模型,不放牧的结构比为74.4%,属于中等程度变异。轻度、中度、重度放牧处理的结构比分别为94.4%、91.2%和96.0%,具有强烈的空间自相关性;3)利用克里格插值法对各样地的未知采样点进行插值分析,发现重度放牧处理土壤水分的空间变异程度最大,不放牧处理土壤水分的空间变异程度最低。所以,载畜率对土壤水分的空间分布有明显的影响。     

Hydroxyl release by maize (Zea mays L.) roots under acidic conditions due to nitrate absorption and its potential to ameliorate an acidic Ultisol

Purpose

Hydroxyl ion release by maize (Zea mays L.) roots under acidic conditions was investigated with a view to develop a bioremediation method for ameliorating acid soils in tropical and subtropical regions.

Materials and methods

Two hydroponic culture experiments and one pot experiment were conducted: pH, nitrogen state, and rhizobox condition, which investigated the effects of different nitrogen forms on hydroxyl release by maize roots under acidic conditions.

Results and discussion

The pH of the culture solution increased as culture time rose. The gradient of change increased with rising NO₃ ^?/NH₄ ⁺ molar ratios. Maize roots released more hydroxyl ions at pH 4.0 than at pH 5.0. The amount of hydroxyl ions released by maize roots at a constant pH was greater than those at a nonconstant pH. Application of calcium nitrate reduced exchangeable acidity and increased the pH in an Ultisol rhizosphere, compared with bulk soil. The increasing magnitude of soil pH was greater at higher doses of N. The absorption of NO₃ ^?–N increased as the NO₃ ^?/NH₄ ⁺ molar ratios rose, which was responsible for hydroxyl ion release and pH increases in culture solutions and rhizosphere.

Conclusions

Root-induced alkalization in the rhizosphere resulting from nitrate absorption by maize plants can be used to ameliorate acidic Ultisols.     

溶氧浓度对植物青枯病高效生防菌株PBW1生长影响的研究

青枯病是危害大、分布广、损失重的植物病害之一。生防菌株PBW1对植物青枯病的防效可高达70％以上。本文研究了溶氧浓度对PBW1生长的影响, PBW1生长的临界溶氧浓度为25.5%;摇瓶与发酵罐培养的结果均表明,溶氧浓度越高,越有利于菌体的生长。     

高产奶牛血清镁含量分析

为调查南宁地区某奶牛场奶牛血清镁含量及其是否与该场奶牛蹄病有关,选取40头健康奶牛和46头蹄病奶牛,采用原子吸收分光光度法分析每头牛血清镁含量,结果表明全部被检牛血清镁平均含量为22.72±3.11mg/L;健康组与蹄病组奶牛血清镁含量分别为23.02±3.19mg/L和22.45±3.09mg/L,两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

镁肥对土壤铅生物有效性的影响

铅污染土壤可通过蔬菜消费威胁人类健康。为降低铅污染土壤中铅的生物有效性,减轻铅对作物的伤害,以菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为试验作物,采用盆栽试验方法,设置75、150、300 mg/(kg?土)3个硫酸镁施用量,125、1000 mg/(kg?土)2个铅污染浓度,研究施用硫酸镁肥对土壤中外源铅生物有效性的影响。结果表明,不同铅浓度对菠菜生长、产量和养分吸收都有显著的影响。铅的浓度越大,对作物伤害越大。在铅污染土壤中适当施用镁肥,可以促进菠菜生长,增加产量,叶片叶绿素、维生素Ｃ含量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量均明显提高,而铅浓度明显下降。相关分析表明,菠菜镁吸收量与铅吸收量呈显著性负相关关系。研究结果表明,适量镁肥的施用可降低土壤中铅的生物有效性,减轻铅对作物的伤害,提高产量,改善品质,这对轻度铅污染土壤改良和菠菜高产优质生产具有一定的指导意义。     

杉木混交林土壤微生物及生化特征和肥力

测定了杉木与鹅掌楸，拟赤杨，木荷，檫树和香樟等５个树种的混交林土壤特征，结果表明混交林土壤微生物数量比杉木纯林高７．１９％～４１．３１％，土壤脲酶，转化酶，过氧化氢酶，多酚氧化酶和吸收强度均比纯林高，土壤有机质，全氮，全磷，水解氮，速效磷和速效钾普遍高于纯林。