黄瓜霜霉病菌烯肟菌酯敏感基线的建立及其室内抗药性风险评估

为研究黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感性及室内抗药性风险,采用叶碟保湿法测定了52株黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感性。结果表明52个菌株的EC50(抑制中浓度)差异较小,平均EC50为(0.010 1±0.003 1)μg/mL。黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线,接近正态分布,没有出现敏感性下降的抗药性群体,这些病菌均为烯肟菌酯野生敏感菌株,因此可以采用其平均EC50作为黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯的敏感基线。室内药剂驯化和紫外线诱变试验,获得了10株黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯不同抗性水平的突变体,其EC50为1~5μg/mL,抗性指数为80~500倍,抗药性稳定,致病力、适合度、竞争力与亲本菌株相比没有明显差异,或优于亲本菌株。室内抗药性风险评估表明,黄瓜霜霉病菌对烯肟菌酯具有较高的抗药性风险,预示田间自然情况下抗药性菌株可能形成优势菌群而导致药剂防治失败的潜在风险。     

高温季节饲粮核黄素水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验采用1日龄AA肉仔鸡198只,随机分为6组,每组33只.6组核黄素添加量分别为0.3.6(1NRC),7.2(2NRC),14.4(4NRC),21.6(6NRC),28.8 mg·k-1(8NRC),其中0添加组为对照组,后5组为试验组,试验期49 d,试验选在夏季高温季节进行(7-8月份),试验期间鸡舍温度30～38℃,湿度60%～80%.测定核黄素水平对热应激条件下肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明:核黄素水平对28,49日龄肉仔鸡体重有显著影响(P＜0.05),添加28.8 mg·kg-1核黄素组与对照组相比显著增加了7～49日龄的平均日增重(P＜0.05),并能显著降低29～49日龄的料重比(P＜0.05);核黄素水平对热应激条件下肉仔鸡7,14日龄时的体重无显著影响,添加不同水平的核黄素对肉仔鸡死亡率无显著影响,核黄素水平对热应激条件下21日龄肉仔鸡呼吸率无显著影响:随着日龄的增加,添加3.6,28.8 mg·k-1核黄素组与7.2 mg·kg-1组相比显著降低了28日龄肉仔鸡的呼吸率(P＜0.05),添加21.6 mg·kg-1核黄素组与7.2 mg·kg-1组相比显著降低了35日龄肉仔鸡的呼吸率(P＜0.05),添加14.4 mg·kg-1核黄素组与对照组相比显著降低了21,28日龄肉仔鸡的肛温(P＜0.05).     

甜瓜属野生种Cucumis hystrix Chakr.胞质葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因的克隆与启动子结构分析

根据植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH,EC1.1.1.49)氨基酸保守区域,设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆得到甜瓜属野生种Cucumis hystrix Chakr.(2n=24)G6PDH基因cDNA片段;随后基于该序列设计特异引物,PCR方法筛选野生种BAC文库,获得2个BAC阳性单克隆。测序后获得了G6PDH基因全序列及其上游启动子序列,GenBank登录号:JQ771576。序列分析显示:G6PDH基因全长约6.5 kb,由15个外显子和14个内含子组成;内含子序列均符合5’-gt-ag-3’结构。外显子拼接后获得了G6PDH基因的开放阅读框(ORF)序列,序列全长1 551 bp,编码516个氨基酸,与黄瓜基因组网站公布的G6PDH基因核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.71%和99.03%。野生种G6PDH氨基酸序列N端缺少转运肽序列,确定为野生种胞质G6PDH。氨基酸序列与烟草、马铃薯、荷兰芹、猕猴桃、拟南芥、大豆、小麦、玉米、葡萄、杨树等植物胞质G6PDH同源性高达77%以上。系统发育树分析发现,甜瓜属胞质G6PDH与茄科植物最先聚类,植物胞质G6PDH在分子进化水平上与物种进化相符。启动子结构分析表明:序列含有启动子基本元件TATA-box、CAAT-box,还含有丰富的光响应元件,与环境胁迫响应相关的不同顺式作用元件,促进高水平转录的5UTR Py-rich stretch元件和提高表达的CAT-box元件等。     

不同生育时期水分胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响

[目的]水分是制约水稻生长的重要因素之一,对水稻产量及品质产生重大影响,通过分析不同生育时期水分胁迫对水稻产量及品质的影响,为水稻生产节水灌溉技术提供理论指导.[方法]于2018—2019年在四川农业大学成都校区教学试验基地大棚进行盆栽试验,选用宜香优2115(杂交籼稻)、IR72(常规籼稻)、南粳9108(常规粳稻)3种不同类型水稻为材料,分别于孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期进行轻度(LD,-20 kPa)、中度(MD,-40 kPa)、重度(SD,-60 kPa)3种水分胁迫处理,以淹水灌溉作为对照(CK,0 kPa),采用土壤张力计监测土壤水势,各生育时期水分胁迫处理时间均为10 d;分析3个生育时期不同水分胁迫条件下,不同类型水稻产量、抗旱系数、抗旱指数及稻米品质等指标的变化.[结果]不同水稻品种在3个时期对水分胁迫的敏感程度由高到低依次为孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期;就产量而言,孕穗期不同程度水分胁迫均会导致水稻每穗实粒数和结实率下降而减产,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108在不同水分胁迫下的平均产量分别较对照减少25.5％,28.4％和15.8％,开花期轻度水分胁迫可促进千粒质量增加而增产,IR72和南粳9108分别较对照增产1.1％和7.3％,灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可促进每穗实粒数、千粒质量和结实率增加进而提高产量,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108分别较对照增产10.6％、7.3％和15.5％;就品质而言,孕穗期不同程度水分胁迫均会导致稻米加工品质、蒸煮食味品质降低,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108在不同水分胁迫下的平均整精米率分别较对照减少7.5％,7.5％和4.6％,开花期和灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可提高稻米精米率和整精米率、增加胶稠度,灌浆期轻度水分胁迫可降低稻米的消减值、提高最高黏度和崩解值,从而改善食味品质,宜香优2115、IR72和南粳9108的崩解值分别较对照增加29.5％,34.8％和18.2％.3个水稻品种对水分胁迫的敏感程度由高到低依次为IR72、宜香优2115、南粳9108.[结论]综合水稻产量和品质分析表明,开花期和灌浆期轻度水分胁迫有利于节水增产,提升稻米品质.     

泛素/26S蛋白酶体途径调节作物种子大小的研究进展

泛素/26S蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitin/26S proteasome system,UPS)是蛋白质泛素化的重要途径,作为蛋白质翻译后重要的修饰系统,在作物生长发育的各个阶段发挥重要作用.大量研究表明,UPS中泛素受体蛋白、E3泛素连接酶、去泛素化酶等能相互协调,通过在目标蛋白上连接或去除不同数量的泛素来介导目标...     

发挥青年科技人员创新作用 推进现代科研院所建设步伐

青年职工是科研单位一支不可忽视的生力军。如何促进青年职工成长成才,充分调动青年职工的工作积极性,发挥青年职工的先锋作用,对推进现代科研院所建设与发展有着积极意义。该文试图通过分析青年科技人员思想现状及如何发挥青年科技人员创新作用、推动现代科研院所建设步伐做一些思考与探索。     

主要农作物 lncRNA 鉴定与分析研究进展

随着基因组和生物信息学技术的进步,特别是高通量测序技术的发展,人们发现了许多没有蛋白质编码潜力的转录单位。其中,长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一种长度大于200 nt的非编码RNA,有着独特的二级结构且不编码蛋白质,lncRNAs可以在核内发挥作用,也可以在细胞质中发挥作用。大量的证据表明,lncRNAs几乎是每个细胞过程的调节器,其重要性引起了越来越多的人关注。lncRNAs主要与mRNA、DNA、蛋白质和miRNA相互作用,从而以多种方式在表观遗传、转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后水平调控基因表达。lncRNAs介导的调控在动物中已经被大量研究,而植物中的lncRNAs研究才刚刚起步,近期许多新的研究结果表明,lncRNAs在植物逆境胁迫、生长发育及系统进化的过程中起了非常重要的作用。概述了lncRNAs的来源、分类及lncRNAs在植物发育中的调控机制,列举了可用于植物lncRNAs分析的主要数据库资源,并就近年来玉米、水稻、小麦等主要农作物lncRNAs研究情况进行了梳理和总结,为今后深入挖掘植物lncRNAs的作用机制及其在农作物中的应用提供一定的参考。     

PCR 技术在黄淮白山羊瘤胃产甲烷菌检测中的应用1）

为了建立黄淮白山羊瘤胃甲烷菌快速检测的PCR方法,采集安徽本地黄淮白山羊瘤胃内容物,进行瘤胃甲烷菌的分离培养,利用瘤胃甲烷杆菌的保守基因甲基辅酶M还原酶基因（MCR）进行引物设计,并且优化PCR扩增条件。结果表明：所设计的引物具有特异性、专一性,优化的PCR扩增条件符合瘤胃甲烷杆菌扩增要求,扩增产物在140 bp的位置出现单一明亮条带。由此可见,利用PCR技术,可以快速、准确检测黄淮白山羊瘤胃甲烷杆菌。     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.     

Construction of a recombinant strain of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis> producing both phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and cyclic lipopeptide for the biocontrol of take-all disease of wheat

Four Neofabraea species are responsible for bull’s eye rot, which is an important postharvest disease of apples and pears. The species diversity of its causal agents in Europe has not been thoroughly explored using molecular genetic methods. Eighty-one Neofabraea isolates were obtained mostly from apples with bull’s eye rot symptoms in the Czech Republic over a two year period. The isolates were identified using PCR fingerprinting and DNA sequencing of the ITS rDNA region, the mitochondrial SSU rDNA and the β-tubulin and EF1α genes. The most common species was N. alba (89 %), followed by N. perennans (5 %) and N. kienholzii (5 %). This is the third published record of N. kienholzii in Europe. The species identity of the isolate CPPF507, which was placed close to N. kienholzii, remains unclear. EF1α was shown to be a suitable marker for the identification of species of the genus Neofabraea and was comparable to the previously used β-tubulin gene. Furthermore, the aggressiveness of individual species was compared and species distribution across Europe was summarized. N. perennans and isolate CPPF507 proved to be the most aggressive, whereas the least aggressive was N. kienholzii. Two N. alba isolates isolated from symptomless apple fruits and leaves were pathogenic to apples in the infection tests.