福建罗源湾互花米草的遥感动态监测

为了对福建罗源湾互花米草进行监测研究,以2000年和2006年的Landsat TM/ETM+影像为数据源,在对不同地物进行光谱分析的基础上,结合进行了影像归一化植被指数和缨帽变换处理,建立了利用决策树分类法提取罗源湾互花米草的遥感解译技术。结果表明基于决策树分类法能准确快速地对研究区互花米草的生长和分布状况进行动态监测。互花米草主要分布在环绕罗源湾的滩涂上,在2000年～2006年的6年中互花米草的面积增加了17.657 km2,年增长率为10.74%。特别值得关注的是,罗源湾的米草正处于迅速扩张的阶段,严重影响了当地的渔业和生态资源,有关部门需要引起重视。     

不同类型水稻品种的产量与食味品质的关系比较

本试验采用辽宁省近年来主栽的13个水稻品种为试验材料,研究不同类型水稻品种的产量与品质间的差异和相互关系,以期为高产优质栽培及育种提供理论基础.结果表明:不同类型水稻品种的产量为:密穗型>中间型>散穗型.密穗型品种的成粒数、总颖花数均高于散穗型品种.密穗型品种的食味值高于散穗型品种;密穗型品种的蛋白质含量低于散穗型品种.着粒密度8.5～9.2粒/cm,320万～330万穗/hm2,每穗颖花数150～170个,成粒数达125～150粒/穗,产量和食味品质均能达到较高水平,因此,中间类型品种具有更高产优质的潜力.     

海南岛油脂植物种质资源

能源危机成为当今世界重大的热点问题,能源植物是缓解能源危机的重要突破口。通过查阅相关文献,概述了海南岛主要含油部位含油量≥30％的油脂植物50科116属163种,引种栽培74种,野生资源89种,油脂植物种质资源丰富,分布集中,热带特征明显,且多为木本。全国有53种木本油料的种子油可作为发展生物柴油最适合原料,其中31种海南有分布。列举了含油量高、适合在海南气候条件下生长、具有开发潜力的油脂植物18种并对海南岛油脂植物资源的开发利用提出建议。     

契达奶酪的感官评定要素及质量控制方法

契达奶酪的感官评定要素包括建立感官实验室、培训感官品评员、选择感官品评方法。阐述了契达奶酪感官质量的控制方法。     

酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维的功能特性及其应用研究

研究酱油渣中不溶性膳食纤维的膨胀性、持水能力、持油性、亚硝酸根离子吸附性,以及阳离子交换能力等功能特性,及其在桃酥中的应用。结果表明,酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维具有较好的膨胀性、持水能力、持油性和一定的阳离子交换能力,对亚硝酸根离子的吸附性能随着时间的增加而增大,120min时的吸附性趋于饱和,吸附率高达83.24%,且在酸性条件下的吸附性能更佳。应用实验表明,在桃酥中添加适量的酱油渣不溶性膳食纤维,不仅对桃酥的口感、色泽及组织形态等方面的影响较小,而且其保健功能有很大的提高。     

The Optimization for Crop Planning and Some Advances for Water-Saving Crop Planning in the Semiarid Loess Plateau of China

The establishment of water-saving crop planning is an inevitable choice of the water-saving agriculture for the water-deficiency region in the arid and semiarid Loess Plateau of China and the world. The water-saving crop planning refers to the planting structure that centres the adjustment of the crop's adaptation to water, the optimization of temporal and spatial layout for crops, the local natural resources, marketing resources, human resources and financial input to enable region or basin with limited water resources to achieve the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of planting industry under certain technology and economy. After the analysis on the research progress of optimization theory, optimization goals, optimization methods of water-saving cultivation structure and macro-control measures, it is pointed out that the main deficiencies of the current research of water-saving cultivation pattern optimization are lacking of a strong theoretical basis, and the immaturity of optimization technologies. The future crucial research direction will focus on five aspects such as the special optimization theory system, the division methods by studying the watershed unit and using 3S technology, optimization model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, evaluation of rationality and macro-control measures on the basis of the public participation.     

Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Wheat in Relation to Post-Anthesis Water Deficits

Post-anthesis soil moisture condition is closely associated with grain yield and quality in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To investigate the effect of post-anthesis water deficit (WD) on starch content and granule size distribution, pot-experiments were conducted in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons, using five wheat cultivars with different amylose content. The result showed that the grain starch granules had a bimodal curve in the volume and surface area distribution, and a unimodal curve was found in number distribution. Post-anthesis WD reduced the B-granules (<10 μm in diameter) volume % and surface area % in Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901, increased the proportion in Weimai10, whereas the effect on those in Jinan17 and Shannong15 was not significant. Post-anthesis WD decreased the number % of <2 μm starch granules, significantly in all cultivars. The amylose content was negatively correlated with the volume of <10 μm and positively correlated to >15 μm starch granules, respectively, suggesting that small starch granules (<10 μm) are low in amylose content, whereas, big starch granules (>15 μm) are high. The results indicate that the grain starch granule size distributions of Jinan17 and Shannong15 with high amylose content were less affected by WD, than those of Nuomai50206 and Gaocheng8901 with low amylose content.     

两种植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米LAI结果比较分析

植物冠层分析仪测量作物叶面积指数存在高估或低估现象,不同仪器的测量结果均与真实值存在差异,这种差异除了与仪器有关,还在不同的作物物候期表现出不同规律。本研究使用LAI-2000、Sunscan两种主流植物冠层分析仪测量夏玉米不同生育期LAI,并与LI-3000C叶面积仪实测结果比较。研究发现：当玉米LAI<1时,LAI-2000测量结果高于实际值,Sunscan测量结果与实际值无显著差异;12时,两种冠层分析仪测量结果均低于实际叶面积指数;不同LAI范围内,LAI-2000、Sunscan测量值与实际值的相关系数不同,最高可达0.9778和0.9637,通过建立测量值和实际值的经验关系模型,对仪器测量值进行校正可减少误差。     

不同耕作方式对成都平原麦稻轮作模式下小麦生长及产量的影响

为了明确不同耕作方式对成都平原小麦生长及产量的影响,进行了麦—稻轮作、麦免稻旋、麦免+稻旋+秋作、麦稻双免、麦稻垄作5种耕作方式定位试验,研究不同处理下小麦生长发育和产量的变化。结果表明:不同耕作方式对小麦生长及产量的影响达到显著差异,其中麦免稻旋模式产量最高。免耕不仅对小麦苗期生长、成穗、干物质积累均影响较大,而且可显著提高小麦产量,并且省工、培肥、效益好,可作为成都平原的主要耕作模式。     

水稻氮磷高效利用育种材料的发掘研究

对2650份丰矮占1号的近等基因导入系进行大田耐低磷、耐低氮筛选,初步筛选出46份耐低磷株系和86份耐低氮株系。分别挑选12份耐低磷和耐低氮的株系进行田间随机区组试验,获得具有育种价值的5份耐低氮株系和1份耐低磷株系。讨论了大田筛选的优缺点。