解淀粉芽胞杆菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病田间应用技术研究

为了明确解淀粉芽胞杆菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病田间应用技术,本文初步研究生防菌Jt84定殖规律以及不同喷施时期对水稻稻曲病的防效.结果显示:生防菌Jt84在水稻叶表能够有效定殖,7～16 d时,叶表定殖菌量维持在104cfu/cm2,30 d仍可在水稻叶表检测到生防菌Jt84;生防菌Jt84防治水稻稻曲病的最佳防治时期为...     

Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol

The action of estrogen on target organs has been actively studied with the discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) beta. This study was carried out to examine the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and the vagina of immature Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 17-ethinyl estradiol (EE). Twenty days old rats were subcutaneously treated with EE at the doses of 0 (vehicle control), 0.03, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 microg/kg/day for three consecutive days. The treatment of EE at the doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day significantly increased the weights of the uterus and vagina of rats (p<0.01) and retained fluid in the uterus of rats. At the high doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day, the treatment of EE caused an increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy, and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium. The treatment of EE at the doses of 3.0 and 10.0 microg/kg/day also caused cornification and a decrease in the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that the EE treatment decrease the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta in the uterus and vagina of immature rats and that may be associated with the morphological changes such as increase in the uterine height, hypertrophy of the uterine epithelium, and cornification of the vagina.     

中国大鲵肌肉、尾脂营养成分分析与评价

【目的】评价大鲵的营养价值,为其营养需要的确定及配合饲料的研制提供基础资料和理论依据。【方法】采用常规分析、氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱以及原子吸收光谱法,对大鲵肌肉和尾脂中的常规营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸成分进行分析,并按照氨基酸评分(Amino acid score,AAS)、化学评分(Chemical score,CS)、必需氨基酸指数(Essential acid score index,EAAI)标准进行品质评定。【结果】新鲜大鲵肌肉中水分含量为82.04%,粗蛋白含量为17.15%,粗脂肪含量为1.73%,灰分含量为0.65%;矿质元素中,Ca含量为162.15μg/g,Zn含量为15.35μg/g,P含量为1 020μg/g,其中Zn含量远高于其他动物。大鲵肌肉中共检测出17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为18.64%,所检7种人体必需氨基酸含量为7.25%,占总氨基酸的比例为38.89%;鲜味氨基酸含量为6.82%,占总氨基酸的比例为36.59%。肌肉及尾脂中分别检测出11和14种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量分别为27.68%,25.70%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量分别为72.32%,74.20%,大鲵尾脂中含有较高的花生四烯酸(1.69%)和花生五烯酸(1.89%)等高不饱和脂肪酸;大鲵肌肉AAS、CS分别为1.660和0.810,EAAI(65.93)较一般水生经济动物高,蛋白质结构较合理。【结论】大鲵肌肉及尾脂具有极高的营养价值和食用价值。     

Potassium Fixation and Release in Some Calcareous Soils under Orange Cultivation

Eurasian Soil Science - Arid and semiarid soils of southern Iran may fix a large content of applied potassium (K), but the fixed K may be gradually supplied to plants. Sixteen representative soils...     

A Single Point Mutation within the Coding Sequence of Cholera Toxin B Subunit Will Increase Its Expression Yield

Background: Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has been extensively considered as an immunogenic and adjuvant protein, but its yield of expression is not satisfactory in many studies. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of native and mutant recombinant CTB (rCTB) in pQE vector. Methods: ctxB fragment from Vibrio cholerae O₁ ATCC14035 containing the substitution of mutant ctxB for amino acid S128T was amplified by PCR and cloned in pGETM-T easy vector. It was then transformed to E. coli Top 10F'' and cultured on LB agar plate containing ampicillin. Sequence analysis confirmed the mature ctxB gene sequence and the mutant one in both constructs which were further subcloned to pQE-30 vector. Both constructs were subsequently transformed to E. coli M15 (pREP4) for expression of mature and mutant rCTB. Results: SDS-PAGE analysis showed the maximum expression of rCTB in both systems at 5 hours after induction and Western-blot analysis confirmed the presence of rCTB in blotting membranes. The expression of mutant rCTB was much higher than mature rCTB, which may be the result of serine-to-threonine substitution at position 128 of mature rCTB amino acid sequence created by PCR mutagenesis. The mutant rCTB retained pentameric stability and its ability to bind to anti- cholera toxin IgG antibodies. Conclusion: Point mutation in ctxB sequence resulted in over-expression of rCTB, probably due to the increase of solubility of produced rCTB. Consequently, this expression system can be used to produce rCTB in high yield. Key Words: Escherichia coli, Point mutation, Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), Protein expression     

Yield potential of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties,and soil properties under organic and integrated nutrient management systems

The identification of suitable crop varieties that respond best to organic management is the key to achieving better crop yields. A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 at Almora (Indian Himalayas) to evaluate the performance of five varieties of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and changes in the soil properties under organic and integrated nutrient management (INM) systems. The yield reduction under organic management was 14.4% in 2005–2006 and 10.1% in 2006–2007 compared with INM. Among the garden pea varieties ‘Vivek Matar 9’, ‘Vivek Matar 8’ and ‘Azad pea 1’ produced similar but significantly higher pod yield compared to other varieties. The soil pH, organic carbon, and microbial activities in terms of dehydrogenase and phosphatase (acid and alkaline) were higher in the plots under organic management compared to INM. The latter, however, had higher activity of urease, and N, P, and K contents in soil. We conclude that at least 15–20% price premium for organic garden pea may be required to offset the higher cost of cultivation and low yields under organic production system. Among the garden pea varieties, ‘Azad pea 1’, ‘Vivek Matar 8’ and ‘Vivek Matar 9’ were found suitable for organic cultivation.     

Pregnancy in the Caspian Miniature Horse Using Frozen Semen Cryopreserved with the EquiPRO CryoGuard Freeze Medium and Customized Freezing Protocols

The primary goal of this project was to establish a protocol to freeze the sperm of the Caspian miniature horse in an attempt to start an intensive artificial insemination program to effectively increase the population of this breed, which has been listed as “Critical Rare Breed” by the American Livestock Breed Conservancy and is in danger of extinction. Commercially available equine freezing medium (EquiPRO CyoGuard Complete egg-yolk extender) was used for the initial setup of two different freeze protocols: slow and fast. The fast-freeze protocol had slightly better postthaw results and was used for a fertility demonstration. Five mares of proven fertility, aged 3 to 12 years, were used in the fertility trials, two of which resulted in pregnancy. This is the first report of pregnancy in the Caspian miniature horse using frozen semen, and the results seem to be a promising start to an extensive program to help this endangered breed, although further research on freezing protocols and conditions for this process are necessary to further improve the survival of semen and pregnancy rate.