芦笋茎枯病病原菌及其生物学研究

芦笋茎枯病是一种分布广、为害重的毁灭性病害。研究证实,临沂市芦笋茎枯病病原为Phoma asparagi Sacc.。该菌分生孢子发芽和菌丝生长适温为23—26℃,致死温度分别为50℃10分钟和60℃10分钟,发芽和生长最适pH为7。分生孢子生长在分生孢子器内,单个分生孢子常温下可活10天,菌块内可活25天,孢子器内则长达240天。分生孢子在蒸馏水中不发芽,加糖液发芽率略有提高,在文竹和芦笋茎煮液中发芽率最高;条件适宜时2小时产生芽突,5小时发芽率达98.21%。     

根结线虫的研究现状

概述了根结线虫的发生分布和传统分类鉴定,以及分子生物学技术(同工酶电泳技术、DNA重组技术、PCR技术)在根结线虫种和生理小种鉴定中的运用及其防治,并对生物防治及抗根结线虫育种、转基因工程在植物线虫学研究领域上的应用前景作了展望。     

副鸡嗜血杆菌分离株致病性和生长特性试验

为研究副鸡嗜血杆菌河北省分离株W菌株致病性及生长特性,以不同剂量对80日龄公鸡进行致病性试验.对W菌株16 h培养物进行100倍稀释,采用微量点板计数法在不同培养时间进行细菌计数以绘制生长曲线.结果表明,试验鸡接菌量在1.11×104cfu/只时发病率可以达到100%,由生长曲线计算W菌株的世代时间为25.33 min.W菌株可能成为研制优良鸡传染性鼻炎疫苗的候选菌株.     

副猪嗜血杆菌OMP P5间接ELISA抗体检测方法优化

利用副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)OMP P5基因表达并纯化复性后蛋白作为包被蛋白,通过对最佳加样作用时间的确定和最佳酶标二抗反应时间等条件的探索优化,建立针对副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5(OMPP5)的间接ELISA抗体检测方法,通过对进行和未进行HPS免疫的健康猪血清的检测,证实了建立的间接ELISA方法具有敏感性高、特异性强、反应快速准确等特点,可用于HPS的快速诊断     

陕西肉牛产业发展现状、问题及建议

文章在调查研究的基础上,对陕西肉牛产业发展现状及产业技术研发应用情况进行了综合述评,认为全省肉牛产业已进入以秦川牛为主肉用选育改良和商品肉牛生产时期,技术研发和应用稳步推进,各地扶持政策措施比较到位,肉牛产业发展势头良好。针对产业转型升级面临的问题,文章从三个方面提出了发展建议。     

蚕沙发酵有机肥对烟草生长及其品质的影响

拓宽蚕沙有机肥在农业生产领域的应用范围,对促进蚕沙资源产业化开发利用具有重要意义。通过盆栽试验研究蚕沙发酵有机肥对烟草生长和烟叶品质的影响,结果表明:施用蚕沙发酵有机肥能够有效提高烟草植株叶片的生物量,烟叶的干质量与不施肥的对照相比,增加了46.16%,有显著差异(P<0.05);施用蚕沙发酵有机肥可增加烟叶中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的吸收量(分别比对照高出68.51%、59.15%、100.32%),且优化N、P、K 3种营养元素在烟草植株不同部位的分配比率,减少N、K在根和茎中的积累,提高N、K在烟叶中的分配比率;与对照相比,施用蚕沙发酵有机肥可使烟叶中的水溶性总糖含量提高30.17%,施木克值趋于适中,使烟叶的化学成分更趋合理。研究结果显示出蚕沙发酵有机肥在烟草大田生产中的应用潜力。     

Evaluation of a competitive ELISA for antibody detection against avian influenza virus

Active serologic surveillance is necessary to control the spread of the avian influenza virus (AIV). In this study, we evaluated a commercially-available cELISA in terms of its ability to detect AIV antibodies in the sera of 3,358 animals from twelve species. cELISA detected antibodies against reference H1- through H15-subtype AIV strains without cross reactivity. Furthermore, the cELISA was able to detect antibodies produced following a challenge of the AIV H9N2 subtype in chickens, or following vaccination of the AIV H9 or H5 subtypes in chickens, ducks and geese. Next, we tested the sensitivity and specificity of the cELISA with sera from twelve different animal species, and compared these results with those obtained by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the "gold standard" in AIV sera surveillance, a second commercially-available cELISA (IZS ELISA), or the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Compared with the HI test, the sensitivities and specificities of cELISA were 95% and 96% in chicken, 86% and 88% in duck, 97% and 100% in turkey, 100% and 87% in goose, and 91% and 97% in swine, respectively. The sensitivities and specificities of the cELISA in this study were higher than those of IZS ELISA for the duck, turkey, goose, and grey partridge sera samples. The results of AGP test against duck and turkey sera also showed significant correlation with the results of cELISA (R-value >0.9). In terms of flock sensitivity, the cELISA correlated better with the HI test than with commercially-available indirect ELISAs, with 100% flock sensitivity.     

TGF β1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and down-regulates TLR4 expression

AIM: To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on murine-derived dendritic cells (DC). METHODS: Murine bone marrow cells were cultured with GM-CSF and TGF-β1 to develop TGF β-DC. Then they were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The allogeneic stimulating capacity of DC was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) using BrdU ELISA method. IL-12 p70 protein was detected by ELISA and the expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DCs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and FCM. RESULTS: Compared to immature DC (imDC) cultured with GM-CSF alone, the expressions of CD80, CD86, I-Ab and CD40 in TGF β-DC were lower. The TGF β-DC was resistant to maturation by LPS. Maturation resistance was evident from a failure to up-regulate CMs, to stimulate larger T cell proliferation and to increase secretion of IL-12 p70. Down-regulation of TLR4 expression on TGF β-DC was also found. CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 inhibits the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on DC. It is resistant to maturation stimulus (LPS) and might be linked with TLR4 down-regulation.     

刺参不同部位中主要营养成分分析与评价

本文对刺参不同部位(体肇、肠和卵)中的主要营养成分进行了研究.结果表明:刺参属于高蛋白质食品,且肠和卵的蛋白质含量高于体壁;富含人体所必需的铜、铁、锰、锌等元素,这些元素更易在肠中富集;δ-维生素E在刺参中含量丰富,以肠中最高;体壁中酸性粘多糖含量较高,为5.03%;氨基酸组成全面,鲜昧氨基酸的含量丰富,体壁中羟脯氨酸含量很高,为4.20%,是动物胶原蛋白的主要成分;鉴定出23种脂肪酸,必需脂肪酸含量高,尤其C20:5 n3(EPA)在肠中高达16.06%.因此.刺参具有较高的营养价值和一定的药用价值.[动物营养学报,2010,22(1):212-220][中文全文见<动物营养学报>网站(www.china.JAN.com)中文版2010年22卷1期]     

日光温室内外金太阳杏光合特性的比较研究

为了探明杏对设施栽培的生理反应,对日光温室内外金太阳杏光合特性进行了比较研究。结果表明,日光温室栽培条件下,金太阳杏单位重量叶片的叶绿素含量增加;光(CO2)饱和点和光(CO2)补偿点降低鸦露地晴天净光合速率Pn日变化呈明显的双峰曲线,温室内也呈双峰线,但双峰出现原因不同。并且研究了影响光合作用的主要生态因子及变化规律,发现净光合速率与胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾作用、气温、叶温、光合有效辐射等因子相关。