集水区内森林生态系统的养分分析

在湖南省会同县森林生态系统定位站小集水区杉木人工林生态系统中,对植被、土壤和水分的营养元素(N,P,K,ca,Mg)进行分析测定,结果表明:系统中植被的养分含量,因器官类型、生长季节和年龄的不同而不相同;土壤养分含量,因立地条件类型的差别而有明显的差异;水分中的营养元素,随天气状况、降水性质和时间的变化而发生变化,并阐述了进行此类研究的方法及应予引起注意的问题。可供进行类似研究时参考。     

Effect of pruning intensities of three woody leguminous species grown in alley cropping with maize and cowpea on an alfisol

Field trials were carried out on an Oxic Paleustalf in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria withLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit,Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. andSesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. alley cropped with maize and cowpea. The three leguminous woody species were grown in hedgerows spaced at 2 m. Trials were carried out one year after establishment of the hedgerows using a split-plot design with four replications. TheLeucaena trial had twenty pruning combinations consisting of five pruning heights (25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 cm) and four pruning frequencies (monthly, bi-, tri- and six-monthly). TheGliricidia andSesbania hedgerows were subjected to nine pruning intensities consisting of three pruning heights (25, 50 and 100 cm) and three pruning intensities (monthly, tri- and six-monthly).For the three woody species, biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yield from the hedgerow prunings increased with decreasing pruning frequency and increasing pruning height. Biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yields were in the following orderLeucaena >Gliricidia >Sesbania.The various pruning intensities had no effect on survival ofLeucaena plants. Pruning frequency had a larger effect than pruning height on survival ofGliricidia andSesbania plants. With monthly pruning, about 25 percent of theGliricidia and all of theSesbania plants died within six months of repeated pruning. Even with lower pruning frequencySesbania plants showed lower survival rates thanGliricidia orLeucaena.The various pruning intensities of all the hedgerow species had more pronounced effects on the grain yield of the alley cropped cowpea than on maize grain yield. Higher maize and cowpea yields were obtained with increasing pruning frequency and decreasing pruning height.IITA Journal paper number 335     

Effect of pruning intensities of three woody leguminous species grown in alley cropping with maize and cowpea on an alfisol

Field trials were carried out on an Oxic Paleustalf in the humid zone of southwestern Nigeria withLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit,Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. andSesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. alley cropped with maize and cowpea. The three leguminous woody species were grown in hedgerows spaced at 2 m. Trials were carried out one year after establishment of the hedgerows using a split-plot design with four replications. TheLeucaena trial had twenty pruning combinations consisting of five pruning heights (25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 cm) and four pruning frequencies (monthly, bi-, tri- and six-monthly). TheGliricidia andSesbania hedgerows were subjected to nine pruning intensities consisting of three pruning heights (25, 50 and 100 cm) and three pruning intensities (monthly, tri- and six-monthly). For the three woody species, biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yield from the hedgerow prunings increased with decreasing pruning frequency and increasing pruning height. Biomass, dry wood and nitrogen yields were in the following orderLeucaena >Gliricidia >Sesbania. The various pruning intensities had no effect on survival ofLeucaena plants. Pruning frequency had a larger effect than pruning height on survival ofGliricidia andSesbania plants. With monthly pruning, about 25 percent of theGliricidia and all of theSesbania plants died within six months of repeated pruning. Even with lower pruning frequencySesbania plants showed lower survival rates thanGliricidia orLeucaena. The various pruning intensities of all the hedgerow species had more pronounced effects on the grain yield of the alley cropped cowpea than on maize grain yield. Higher maize and cowpea yields were obtained with increasing pruning frequency and decreasing pruning height. IITA Journal paper number 335     

杨树对杨干象抗性选择的研究

在杨干象危害80％以上的人工杨树林内,以抗杨干象、速生等综合指标,选出了抗虫优树。对3年生优树后代室内外人工接种和自然感染的结果表明:106号优树比周围3株优势水平均胸径高9％,树高高7％,材积高61％,室内接种其诱虫数、取食孔数都低;野外接种,虫株率低40％以上,危害指数低69％;自然感染的虫株率低54％,危害指数低50％以上。优树生长量较对照原种中东杨(Populus berolinensis)高得多,但低于小黑杨(P.×xiaohei)。其抗虫性与树皮内含物果糖和酚酸含量有关。     

两株木麻黄内生菌培养条件和培养特征的比较研究*

自1978年Callaham等人首次从香蕨木(Comptonia peregrina)根瘤中成功地分离出Frankia内生菌纯培养后,许多学者已从赤杨属(Alnus)、胡颓子属(Elaeagnus)、沙棘属(Hippophae)、杨梅属(Myrica)和木麻黄属(Casuarina)等非豆科固氮树木根瘤中分离得到Frankia内生菌。但这些内生菌生长极其缓慢,这给大面积的田间应用带来许多困难。因此,作为Frankia菌应用研究的前提,需要更多地了解体外培养条件及其最适生条件。目前国内外已进行了很多这方面的研究。从已分离的内生菌株形态看,它们是极其相似的,都具有Frankia的典型特征;从培养条件看,也表现出许多共同性,但又有一些差异。本文报道了两株木麻黄内生菌培养条件和培养特征的比较结果,为Frankia内生菌应用于生产提供科学依据。     

矿山竖井围岩工程地质评价中的几个重点问题

矿山竖井勘察是一项十分复杂的工程地质勘察,其中地质构造、围岩质量等级、地下水富水性是勘察的重要内容,在勘察时应抓住关键问题进行合理布置工作,准确的分析、计算和评价。     

林火碳排放研究进展

火是森林生态系统主要的干扰因子, 森林火灾的频繁发生不仅使森林生态系统遭到破坏, 同时也造成了含碳温室气体的大量释放。综述了火烧面积、森林可燃物以及燃烧效率等主要因子对森林火灾排放碳量估计的影响, 分析了这一领域未来研究发展趋势。大量研究表明:1)卫星遥感是估测大尺度上森林过火面积的主要手段, 随着高分辨率卫星的应用, 森林火灾面积的估计精度不断得到提高。目前的研究主要集中于大尺度上林火面积的估计和估算方法的改进。2)遥感数据是目前估计大尺度可燃物燃烧量的有效手段, 利用遥感数据的同时结合有效可燃物计算模型, 运用多元线性与非线性分析结合等方法提高对可燃物燃烧量的估计。3)燃烧效率是决定可燃物消耗量的主要因子, 也是估计森林火灾释放含碳气体量的关键。未来的研究是利用高分辨率的遥感数据, 结合复杂的可燃物计算模型, 更精确地估计林火碳排放。     

磷酸活化稻秆制备中孔活性炭的研究

以稻秆为原料,通过磷酸法活化制备得到了中孔活性炭,并采用氮气吸附、元素分析和扫描电镜对其进行了表征分析。实验结果表明:稻秆制备活性炭的工艺条件为10 g稻秆,浸渍比3∶1(质量比),在140℃下预活化60 min,活化温度450℃,活化时间60 min。在此条件下制备得到的活性炭得率为25%,亚甲基蓝吸附值215 mg/g,碘吸附值835 mg/g,A法焦糖值110%,灰分3.03%,其比表面积为967.7 m2/g,总孔容为1.12 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.6 nm,中孔率可以达到84.8%。     

樟子松成熟胚的离体培养与不定芽的形成

沙藏45d的樟子松种子,剥胚培养在5个系列17种培养基上.在6BA0.2～2.0(mg/L,单位下同)+NAA0.05～0.5以及6BA1.0+IAA0.2～0.5的激素配比范围内,可诱导胚形成不定芽.KT与NAA或IAA配合时无不定芽形成.不定芽分化部位明显受激素种类控制,6BA与NAA配合可诱导胚轴分化出不定芽,而6BA与IAA配合,则可从子叶顶端和基部诱导出不定芽。     

林木减振控制技术研究综述

概述了近半个多世纪以来国内外有关林木减振控制技术在力学方面的研究。各种技术通过增强土壤-根系统锚固、增大树干刚度或减少树冠作用力来达到树在风载作用下减小振动的目的, 但大部分技术都是在半经验情况下发展起来的, 缺少必要的力学理论基础。最后, 文中提出了树干柔性支撑技术, 即安装自制减振器, 认为这是一种有效的林木减振控制技术。