左旋咪唑在生长育肥猪驱虫中的应用研究

本文探讨了5%左旋咪唑注射液按10mg/kg 体重剂量的不同驱虫次数对生长育肥猪驱虫效率、中毒反应及生产性能的影响。结果表明,1)在60～240日龄全期试验内,分别于60和150日龄各驱虫1次的试验Ⅰ组猪日增重极显著高出对照组(不驱虫)的23.9%(p<0.01);也显著高于只在60日龄驱虫1次的试验Ⅱ组(p<0.05),尽管Ⅱ组猪日增重显著高于对照组14.5%(p<0.05)。2)用药后,猪只应激毒性反应为100%,但均能自然康复。3)2次驱虫的效率比1次驱虫的高,且彻底。因此,用左旋咪唑给生长育肥猪驱虫,宜进行2次(分别于60和150日龄),可显著改善生长性能和提高经济效益,适宜在农(山)区养猪中推广。     

类风湿关节炎的蜂疗医治法

类风湿关节炎多为对称性，发病原因不明，多发于20-45岁，女性多于男性。现代医学认为此病与感染、自身免疫下降、遗传因素、内分泌失调等有关，而寒冷和潮湿是诱发本病的重要因素。     

钙及其拮抗剂对苹果果肉质膜透性的调节作用

采用培养果肉圆片的方法,研究了Ca2+及其拮抗剂对苹果果肉质膜透性的调节作用。结果表明,CaCl2(1、10mmol/L)降低果肉膜透性和溶质外渗速率(Js);细胞膜Ca2+通道阻塞剂Verapamil(100μmol/L)的影响不显著;细胞外Ca2+螯合剂EGTA(5mmol/L)、CaM的拮抗剂CPZ、TFP(100μmol/L)明显提高果肉膜透性和细胞溶质外渗速率。培养24h时,CaCl2能明显维持较高的SOD活性和ACC向乙烯的转化能力,EGTA、Verapamail、CPZ和TFP的作用相反。这些说明Ca2+对果肉细胞膜具有保护作用,而减少细胞外Ca2+和抑制细胞内Ca2+-CaM功能对果肉细胞膜具有伤害作用。     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices towards <Emphasis Type="Italic">cystic echinococcosis</Emphasis> in livestock among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda

A cross-sectional study was done from March 2013 to May 2014 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis among selected pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to 381 respondents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the relationship between knowledge about CE and factors such as age, sex, and level of education across all regions. The odds ratio and confidence interval were used to determine the difference in responses across regions. It was shown that age above 36 years was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with awareness about CE in livestock. Likewise, uneducated (p < 0.0001) and agro-pastoralists (p = 0.01) were significantly less knowledgeable than the educated and pastoralists across all regions. The overall knowledge towards CE in livestock was low 17.8% (95% CI = 14.0–21.6). Dog ownership was high and they never dewormed their freely roaming dogs. Dogs shared water with livestock. In conclusion, knowledge about CE in livestock was low across all regions. Therefore, public health education and formulation of policies towards its control by the relevant stakeholders should be done. Also, the true prevalence of CE in livestock needs to be done so that the magnitude and its public health significance are elucidated.     

氧冷等离子体处理对竹材表面润湿性的影响

采用氧冷等离子体处理方法对毛竹的竹青、竹肉和竹黄分别进行表面处理,利用液滴法测定等离子体处理前后酚醛树脂胶(PF)在其表面的接触角,并通过扫描电镜SEM观察其表面形貌以及傅里叶红外光谱技术(FTIR)分析等离子体处理竹材表面化学组分,探究等离子体处理改善竹材表面润湿性的机理。结果表明：竹肉的润湿性最好,竹黄和竹青较差,经氧冷等离子体处理后,其平衡接触角分别下降43.59%、48.32%和61.15%;氧冷等离子体处理会刻蚀竹材表面,提高了其比表面积,明显改善其表面润湿性;氧冷等离子体处理在竹材表面引入大量自由基,生成O-H、C=O和C-O等含氧极性官能团,使其表面润湿性提高;氧冷等离子体处理可有效提高竹材表面的润湿性,为竹材涂饰、浸胶等后期加工提供有效改性手段。     

基于分形理论的汽油机富氧燃烧模型

阐述了湍流的分形特征,应用分形理论计算了湍流燃烧速度和质量燃烧率,分析了富氧燃烧时未燃混合气密度的计算方法。借助VB语言编制计算程序,进行了计算与实验对比分析。探讨了将分形理论应用到发动机富氧燃烧模型中的可行性。     

利用Pt-Rh堇青石整体式催化器控制汽油发动机排气净化的试验

为控制化油器汽油发动机尾气排放,对贵金属Pt-Rh催化器在实际发动机排气条件下进行了研究。用浸渍法制备化油器式汽油发动机的催化器,以适应汽车发动机运行工况多变、空燃比范围宽以及排气HC、CO和NOx体积分数高等实际情况。试验结果表明,应用Pt-Rh堇青石整体式催化器,可以实现在不同的温度、不同的转速、不同的空燃比条件下对发动机尾气HC、CO和NOx同时净化和得到较高的转化效率;在不同的温度范围内,还可以实现HC和CO对NOx的协同还原反应。     

拟南芥U-box蛋白的研究进展

泛素-26s蛋白酶体途径（ubiquitin-26s proteosome pathway,UPP）是真核生物体内一种高度选择性的蛋白降解途径。U—box蛋白是该途径中决定底物特异性的一种泛素连接酶E3。U—box结构域大约由70个氨基酸残基构成,在酵母、植物和动物等真核生物中高度保守。植物U-box蛋白（plant U—box protein,PUB）的数目远多于其他生物,在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。目前在拟南芥中已发现60多个PUB蛋白（Arabidopsis plant U-box protein,AtPUB）,成为近年来受到较多关注的一类蛋白。本文根据蛋白的结构特征和系统进化树比较,将61种AtPUB蛋白分为7大类。同时,对已报道AtPUB蛋白的功能进行了综述并提出了研究展望。