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排序方式: 共有206条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Andrea Ertani Anna Mietto Maurizio Borin Serenella Nardi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(5):190
The mobility and distribution of metals in the environment is related not only to their concentration but also to their availability in the environment. Most chromium (Cr) exists in oxidation states ranging from 0 to VI in soils but the most stable and common forms are Cr(0), Cr(III), and Cr(VI) species. Chromium can have positive and negative effects on health, according to the dose, exposure time, and its oxidation state. The last is highly soluble; mobile; and toxic to humans, animals, and plants. On the contrary, Cr(III) has relatively low toxicity and mobility and it is one of the micronutrients needed by humans. In addition, Cr(III) can be absorbed on the surface of clay minerals in precipitates or complexes. Thus, the approaches converting Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in soils and waters have received considerable attention. The Cr(III) compounds are sparingly soluble in water and may be found in water bodies as soluble Cr(III) complexes, while the Cr(VI) compounds are readily soluble in water. Chromium is absorbed by plants through carriers of essential ions such as sulfate. Chromium uptake, accumulation, and translocation, depend on its speciation. Chromium shortage can cause cardiac problems, metabolic dysfunctions, and diabetes. Symptoms of Cr toxicity in plants comprise decrease of germination, reduction of growth, inhibition of enzymatic activities, impairment of photosynthesis and oxidative imbalances. This review provides an overview of the chemical characteristics of Cr, its behavior in the environment, the relationships with plants and aspects of the use of fertilizers. 相似文献
92.
Enzo Vettorato Annalisa Zonca Maurizio Isola Roberto Villa Martina Gallo Giuliano Ravasio Michela Beccaglia Clara Montesissa Petra Cagnardi 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):310-315
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. ED tramadol provided sufficient intra- and post-operative analgesia without significant clinical side-effects, but the post-operative analgesia was comparable to that following IV administration and the ED route could therefore not be considered a practical alternative to the IV route. 相似文献
93.
Paolo Bruno Maurizio Caselli Gianluigi de Gennaro Lucia Scolletta Livia Trizio Maria Tutino 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,193(1-4):37-50
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) have been monitored in 12 sites of Canosa di Puglia, a city located in the Southern of Italy, in order to identify the main VOC source—vehicular traffic or industrial—and to evaluate the critical situations in the city. Monitoring, carried out by using Radiello® diffusive samplers, has been planned taking into account the traffic density and the architecture of the city. From the study of the data it has been emerged that, among all considered VOC, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are the pollutants at higher concentration. However no critical situation has appared from the present monitoring. Maps of daily benzene and toluene concentrations have shown that the most significant pollution phenomena happens in the center of the urban area which is in a valley with narrow roads and high buildings that do not allow an efficient dispersion of pollutants. The study of the diagnostic ratios between the toluene and benzene concentrations in the several areas (average T/B?=?3.4) and the high Pearson’s coefficient among the pollutants, and in particular between benzene and toluene concentrations (r?=?0.9505), have suggested that in urban area these pollutants are emitted from the same source: the vehicular traffic. 相似文献
94.
Evidente A Cimmino A Andolfi A Vurro M Zonno MC Motta A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):884-888
Phyllosticta cirsii, a fungal pathogen isolated from diseased Cirsium arvense leaves and evaluated as a biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial weed, produces different phytotoxic metabolites with potential herbicidal activity when grown in liquid cultures. Phyllostictines A-D, four novel oxazatricycloalkenones, were recently isolated from this pathogen and chemically and biologically characterized. Further purification of the same organic extract provided two other metabolites, named phyllostoxin (1) and phyllostin (2), which were characterized by spectroscopic technique (essentially NMR and MS). Phyllostoxin and phyllostin proved to be a new pentasubstituted bicyclo-octatrienyl acetic acid ester and a new pentasubstituted hexahydrobenzodioxine carboxylic acid methyl ester, respectively. When tested on punctured C. arvense leaves, phyllostoxin proved to be highly phytotoxic, causing rapid and large necrosis, whereas phyllostin had no phytotoxicity in this bioassay. This is not surprising, considering the noteworthy structural differences between the two compounds, suggesting the presence of active functional groups in phyllostoxin not present in the other metabolite. These results further support the focused approach of finding novel metabolites with herbicidal properties by looking at the culture extracts of weed fungal pathogens. 相似文献
95.
Servili M Taticchi A Esposto S Urbani S Selvaggini R Montedoro G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10048-10055
The sensory and health properties of virgin olive oil (VOO) are highly related to its volatile and phenolic composition. Oxygen control in the pastes during malaxation may be a new technological parameter to regulate enzymatic activities, such as polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase, which affect the phenolic and volatile composition of VOO. In this work, we monitored CO2 and O2 concentrations during industrial-scale olive paste malaxation with various initial O2 concentrations within the malaxer headspace. Results show that the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace did not affect CO2 production during processing, whereas a strong influence was observed on the changes of the phenolic composition of olive pastes and VOOs, with high correlation coefficient for the total phenols (R = 0.94), especially for oleuropein and demethyloleuropein derivatives (R = 0.81). In contrast, aroma production during malaxation was minimally affected by the O2 concentration in the malaxer headspace. 相似文献
96.
A Fabbrocini M G Volpe M Di Stasio R D'Adamo D Maurizio E Coccia M Paolucci 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(3):321-331
The algal polysaccharide agar has long been used as a food binder due to its structure, rheological behaviour, stability and interactions – properties that help to generate firm, round, disk‐shaped pellets that may be used in recirculating sea urchin‐rearing systems. Three algae‐based diets (Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria gracilis, Cystoseira sp.) containing 3% and 6% agar were tested on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to examine the effect of varying percentages of agar on pellet stability in water and sea urchin gonad growth. The kinetics of water absorption and solute leaching of pellets were measured by immersing quadruplicate samples of the pellets in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days. Our results show that the pellets had good water stability, were readily consumed by sea urchins and the presence of agar did not hamper sea urchin gonad growth. Animals fed Ulva‐containing pellets reached a more advanced gametogenic stage with respect to animals fed Cystoseira‐ and Gracilaria‐containing pellets. Moreover, the presence of agarase activity in the digestive system indicated that agar may be an energy source. Pellets are relatively low cost and easy to prepare and store. They may represent a useful resource for rearing sea urchins under intensive conditions. 相似文献
97.
Roberto Cappelletti Francesca Balducci Jacopo Diamanti Luca Mazzoni Franco Capocasa Maurizio Battino 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):634-644
Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) plants of a typical landrace (‘Montelupone A’) from the Marche region (Italy) and three commercial cultivars (‘Apollo’, ‘Romanesco C3’, ‘Exploter’) were compared as a detailed analysis of their productive, morphological, qualitative, and nutritional parameters was carried out to characterise their particularities and suitability for the fresh market or the processing industry. Cultivar ‘Apollo’ stands out for its qualitative and agronomic aspects, with ‘Romanesco C3’ showing high flower head yield, as the most important Romanesco cultivar that is widely cultivated in central Italy. ‘Exploter’ shows high productivity and qualitative characteristics. The lower phenol content of ‘Exploter’ indicates its suitability for processing as a fresh cut preparation. The ‘Montelupone A’ landrace is characterised by beneficial nutritional values that indicate its use for fresh consumption and as a source of antioxidant compounds. The ‘Apollo’ and ‘Romanesco C3’ commercial cultivars show higher processing yield due to flower head characteristics. In particular, ‘Apollo’ has an interesting profile according to its technological qualitative and nutritional value. ‘Exploter’ differs in its high yield and suitability for the fresh market. Analysis of the ‘Montelupone A’ landrace confirms its interesting qualitative and nutritional values. 相似文献
98.
Maria V. MAZZAMUTO Andrea GALIMBERTI Giacomo CREMONESI Benoît PISANU Jean‐Louis CHAPUIS Jan STUYCK Giovanni AMORI Haijun SU Gaetano ALOISE Damiano G. PREATONI Lucas A. WAUTERS Maurizio CASIRAGHI Adriano MARTINOLI 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(3):214-228
Integrative taxonomy, a multi‐disciplinary approach adding modern techniques to traditional morphology‐based methods (e.g. molecular and morphological criteria), can play an important role in bioinvasion research to identify introduced taxa, discover pathways of introduction and inform authorities to control and prevent future introductions. The present study is the first on introduced populations of Callosciurus, Asiatic tree squirrels, known as potentially invasive species in Europe (Italy, Belgium and France). We combined molecular (mitochondrial DNA markers: CoxI, D‐loop) and morphometric analysis on skulls, comparing them to the widest morphological and molecular datasets ever assembled for Callosciurus. Squirrels collected in Italy and Belgium share the same haplotypes and skull characteristics, but are conspicuously different from the French population in Antibes. Genetic data revealed close similarity between French squirrels and Pallas's squirrels, Callosciurus erythraeus, from Taiwan, China. Italian and Belgian squirrels formed an independent taxonomic lineage in genetic analyses, whose taxonomic rank needs further investigation. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these 2 populations are, however, similar to known specimens assigned to Callosciurus erythraeus. These results may indicate a common origin for the populations found in Belgium and Italy. In contrast, French specimens suggest an independent introduction event of squirrels originating from Asia. 相似文献
99.
Maurizio Longo Florence Thierry Kevin Eatwell Tobias Schwarz Jorge del Pozo Jenna Richardson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(5):E56-E60
A 9‐month‐old neutered male rabbit was referred for lethargy, anorexia, and gastrointestinal stasis. Routine hematology, serum biochemistry, and diagnostic imaging were performed. Computed tomography revealed a wall thickening of the sacculus rotundus and appendix, which was further confirmed on abdominal ultrasound. Full thickness biopsies were collected with histopathology diagnosing a chronic multifocal heterophilic granulomatous sacculitis and appendicitis. The patient was treated medically and at 6 weeks follow‐up, clinical signs and intestinal changes had completely regressed. Inflammation of the sacculus rotundus and appendix should be considered as a cause of gastrointestinal stasis in rabbits. 相似文献
100.
Cecchi Francesca Dadousis Christos Bozzi Riccardo Fratini Filippo Russo Claudia Bandecchi Patrizia Cantile Carlo Mazzei Maurizio 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):729-733
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a heterogeneous group of viruses of sheep, goat, and wild ruminants responsible of lifelong persistent infection... 相似文献