巴美肉羊INHA和INHBA基因多态性与产羔数关系研究

为了研究INHA和INHBA这两个基因对巴美肉羊产羔数的影响,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测抑制素α亚基(α-inhibin,INHA)和βA亚基(βA-inhibin,INHBA)基因在巴美肉羊中的单核苷酸多态性。结果发现,引物1,4,6扩增片段有多态性,其余3对引物的扩增片段均不存在多态性。引物1,巴美肉羊有2种基因型AB型和AA型,平均产羔数AB型比AA型多0.17只(P<0.01)。引物4,巴美肉羊存在3种基因型(CC、DD和CD),巴美肉羊平均产羔数DD型比CC型多0.44只(P<0.01)。引物6,巴美肉羊有3种基因型(EE、FF和EF),EE型比EF型平均产羔数多0.21只(P<0.01),结果表明,抑制素α亚基(α-inhibin,INHA)和βA亚基(βA-inhibin,INHBA)基因是影响巴美肉羊产羔数的重要基因。     

蒙古马睾丸支持细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

为研究一种简单快速分离蒙古马睾丸支持细胞并保证其活性的基本方法,本试验采集2岁蒙古马睾丸组织于低温环境下进行机械分离,将1~3 g睾丸组织剪碎,采用重力沉淀法去除游离的红细胞和间质细胞;使用0.1%胶原酶Ⅳ和0.25%胰蛋白酶+EDTA逐步进行组织消化,并用含有10%胎牛血清的培养基进行细胞培养;在接种后采用差异贴壁法分离纯化支持细胞,使用Tris-HCl低渗法去除杂质细胞,并采用碱性磷酸酶（AKP）染色、HE染色、实时荧光定量PCR方法进行鉴定。结果显示,支持细胞贴壁性能较强,培养24 h后大多数细胞开始贴壁,细胞形状呈椭圆形;培养48 h后胞质增多,折光性变强;培养3~4 d细胞胞质展开紧密连接,此时细胞呈三角形,有明显的核仁,培养6~7 d细胞生长状态进入稳定期。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,GATA4和GDNF基因在培养细胞中极显著表达（P<0.01）,AKP染色支持细胞呈阴性表达,表明分离培养的细胞确为支持细胞。本试验使用机械分离法与两步酶消化法处理组织,可快速高效地获得睾丸支持细胞,成功构建了蒙古马睾丸支持细胞体外培养方法。     

熔喷过程湍流模型中的气流场数值模拟

以熔喷过程中的气流场为核心,建立熔喷过程的数学物理模型,采用数值模拟的方法进行研究。以Navier-Stocks方程为基础,应用基于同位网格的SIMPLER算法并行化计算气流场的速度分布,将试验测试值与数值模拟进行比较,结果表明:采用的数值模拟方法是有效的,完全可以用于模拟双槽钝头型模具的熔喷过程。     

沙棘油对过敏性皮炎患者皮肤表层粗糙程度的影响

为验证沙棘籽油和沙棘果油对过敏性皮炎患者皮肤表层粗糙程度的影响，进行了有安慰剂对照的平行性研究。16位患者在4个月内每日分别服用5g沙棘籽油，沙棘果油或石蜡油。本研究包括皮肤表面粗糙程度的测量方法和测量参数的优化选择以及服油前、后手背和肩部非病变区皮肤表面的粗糙程度的测量。实验结果表明，服油前后皮肤表面的粗糙程度无明显统计学变化，说明沙棘油对过敏性皮炎患者非病变区皮肤的影响小于对病变区皮肤的影响。由于本研究中患者人数有限，此结论有待进一步验证。用表面光度测量仪可明显指示不同部位皮肤表层结构和粗糙程度的差异，在对皮肤的研究方面有广泛的应用前景。     

Forest Owners’ Socio-demographic Characteristics as Predictors of Customer Value: Evidence from Finland

Small-scale Forestry - Ageing, urbanization, and decreasing dependence of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners on forestry income have challenged the industrial timber supply of several...     

Non-industrial Private Forestry Service Markets in a Flux: Results from a Qualitative Analysis on Finland

Previous research on European forestry service markets is scarce and mainly focused on analysing external market environment and modelling of timber selling behaviour of non-industrial forest owners (NIPFs). In this study, we aim to create a broader understanding about business perspectives of forestry service markets covering the whole array of market and institutional based services offered to the NIPFs in case of Finland. The more specific empirical objective of the paper is to describe market drivers and underlying challenges in existing and potential service business models based on the concepts of service-dominant logic and dynamic capabilities. Using a qualitative approach and 22 thematic expert interviews in service organisations, we strive to analyse the drivers and opportunities for creating new services within the NIPF market and also build insight in possible barriers for new service value creation. According to our results, the ongoing structural changes offer new opportunities to change traditional mindsets and search for new types of offerings that support the renewal of this traditional forestry sector. As one of the major barriers for new innovations we identified the dominant role of established organisations securing their current positions, mainly driven by the forest industry timber procurement needs. From a managerial perspective, the changing institutional base of the current service organisations may facilitate new innovative business start-ups in addition to enhancing the strategic capabilities and competitiveness of the established firms in Finnish forestry sector.     

Spatial analysis of seroconversion of sentinel cattle to bluetongue viruses in Queensland

Objective To assess quantitatively the spatial distribution of seroconversion of Queensland cattle to bluetongue viruses.
Design A sentinel herd study. Sample population Sixty-nine sentinel herds at 30 locations.
Procedure Spatial clustering of seroconversion to blue-tongue viruses was investigated during the period from 1990 to 1994.
Results Seroconversion to only two bluetongue virus serotypes, 1 and 21, was observed. The 14 herds, in which seroconversion to bluetongue virus serotype 1 was detected, were located only along the eastern coastal and subcoastal region of Queensland, and were significantly (P < 0.05) clustered. Locations at which seroconversion to serotype 21 was detected, were not significantly clustered. The results generally agree with field observations, except for the failure to detect seroconversion to bluetongue viruses in north-western Queensland.
Conclusion Bluetongue infection of cattle in north-western Queensland may be temporally sporadic. The dominance of serotype 1 in the Queensland cattle population may be the result of differential transmission by potential vector species. Long-term surveillance programs are important for defining disease status of animal populations.     

A cross-sectional study to show Eperythrozoon ovis infection is prevalent in Western Australian sheep farms

A serological survey and risk factor study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Eperythrozoon ovis infection in Western Australian weaner sheep, the prevalence of farms with infected sheep, and to identify factors affecting initiation and maintenance of infection on the farm. The study was conducted on 91 farms, purposively chosen from 41 randomly selected regional shires stratified by sheep number and rainfall zones. Twenty sheep were selected systematically from a mixed-sex flock on each farm and tested for serum antibody to E ovis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information on putative risk factors was collected using an interview questionnaire. Antibody to E ovis was detected in 4.5% of sheep on 47% of the farms sampled. The prevalence of E ovis infection in sheep was estimated at the 95% confidence level to be between 3.6 and 5.5%, and the prevalence of farms with infected sheep was estimated to be between 37.5 and 56.5%. Most farms with serological evidence of infection occurred in the Great Southern agricultural region (79.5%), south-east of Perth through to Albany (latitude 32 to 34 degrees S, longitude 116 to 120 degrees E), and in the Northern region (12.8%) surrounding Geraldton (latitude 29 degrees S, longitude 114 degrees E). There were significantly more farms (P less than 0.05) with evidence of infection in the Great Southern region compared to the Central region between Geraldton and Perth, and on farms in the region south compared to north of latitude 32 degrees S. None of the putative risk factors examined in the questionnaire were associated with serological evidence of infection on the farm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Comparison of milk antitrypsin, albumin, n-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, somatic cells and bacteriological analysis as indicators of bovine subclinical mastitis

Thirty-two quarters, five of which harbored subclinical mastitis, were examined daily for one month. The usefulness of milk antitrypsin, BSA (bovine serum albumin), NAGase, somatic cells and bacteriological analysis in differentiating the inflamed quarters from the healthy control quarters was analysed. Inter-quarter evaluation clearly improved each indirect mastitis parameter; NAGase and antitrypsin were better indicators of differences between infected and non-infected quarters than BSA or the somatic cell count.