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121.
Perales S Barberá R Lagarda MJ Farré R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3721-3726
An adequate calcium intake during the first years of life is needed for normal growth and development and to prevent rickets. The bioavailability of calcium from infant foods (milk-based formulas and fruit juices containing milk and cereals, FMC), the dietary sources of calcium in these stages of life, has been estimated on the basis of simulated gastrointestinal digestion and calcium solubility and dialyzability values and on the efficiency of transport and uptake by Caco-2 cells. The ranking of samples according to calcium bioavailability depends on the use of solubility or dialyzability as criterion. On the basis of the former, the highest value corresponded to adapted formulas and the lowest to fruit juices. However, when using percentage dialysis, the highest value corresponded to fruit juices and the lowest to follow-up formulas. The highest percentages of transport efficiency and uptake by Caco-2 cells corresponded to calcium from the analyzed fruit juices, followed by toddler, follow-up, and adapted formulas. 相似文献
122.
Touriño S Selga A Jiménez A Juliá L Lozano C Lizárraga D Cascante M Torres JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4728-4735
Pine (Pinus pinaster) bark is a rich source of procyanidin oligomers. From a total polyphenolic extract, we have generated fractions of different procyanidin composition. The mixtures, devoid of gallate esters, were active as free radical scavengers against ABTS(*+), DPPH, and HNTTM. Pine bark fractions were tested for antioxidant activity in solution (hydrogen donation and electron transfer) and emulsion (inhibition of lipid peroxidation) and compared with their galloylated counterparts from grape origin. While galloylation clearly influenced the free radical scavenging efficiency in solution, it did not seem to play a determinant role in protection against lipid peroxidation in emulsion. The fractions were very mild inhibitors of cell proliferation. Because gallate esters appear to interfere with crucial cell functions, gallate free pine procyanidins may be the innocuous chemopreventative agents of choice for many applications in food and skin protection. 相似文献
123.
Klejdus B Mikelová R Petrlová J Potesil D Adam V Stiborová M Hodek P Vacek J Kizek R Kubán V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5848-5852
An ultrafast HPLC/UV-vis DAD method working at 254 nm was applied for the determination of isoflavone aglycons and glycosides (genistin, genistein, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, formononetin, sissotrin, and biochanin A) in roots, stems, leaves, and soy pods of soy plants and in soybeans of five varieties (Korada, Quito, Rita, OAC Erin, and OAC Vison). An Atlantis dC18 ultrafast RP chromatographic column (20 mm x 2.1 mm, 3 microm particle size) was applied for separation of the isoflavone aglycons and glycosides. A flow rate of the mobile phase (0.1% (v/v) acetic acid, pH 3.75-solvent A and methanol-solvent B) was 0.35 mL min(-1), and the column temperature was 36 degrees C. A linear gradient profile from 13 up to 22% B (v/v) from zero to 2.5 min, up to 30% B to 3.21 min, up to 35% B to 4 min, up to 40% B to 4.5 min, up to 50% B to 5.14 min, and followed by negative gradient up to 13% B to 7.71 min was used. The absolute limits of detection per sample injection (5 microL) were the highest for biochanin A (166.2 fmol) and the lowest for genistin (17.0 fmol), respectively. An accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) in combination with sonication was applied for isolation of biologically active compounds. A solid-phase extraction procedure was used to purify the extracts in the case of analysis of soy plants parts. The recoveries of 96-106% were obtained for the different concentrations of the isoflavone aglycons and glycosides and the different matrixes (overall RSDs 2-9%). The highest isoflavone concentrations were found in roots (12.5 microg g(-1) dry weight), while the amounts were about 3-1100 microg g(-1) fresh weight in different varieties of soybeans. 相似文献
124.
Roura E Andrés-Lacueva C Jáuregui O Badia E Estruch R Izquierdo-Pulido M Lamuela-Raventós RM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6190-6194
A rapid liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with negative ion detection method was developed and validated to determine cocoa flavonoid metabolites in human plasma and urine after the intake of a standard portion of a cocoa beverage. A chromatographic run time of only 9 min provided clear separation of all metabolites and internal standards. Samples were analyzed in a product-ion scan of m/z 289, 369, and 465 to identify the metabolites and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode to quantify (-)-epicatechin ((-)-Ec) (289/ 245), (-)-epicatechin-glucuronide ((-)-EcG) (465/289), and (-)-epicatechin-sulfate ((-)-EcS) (369/289). One (-)-Ec-G and three (-)-Ec-S were identified and confirmed in urine as the major metabolites, and one (-)-Ec-G was the only metabolite present in plasma volunteers (n = 5) at a mean concentration of 625.7 +/- 198.3 nmol/L at 2 h after consumption of a cocoa beverage containing 54.4 mg of (-)-Ec. 相似文献
125.
Zaragozá MC López D P Sáiz M Poquet M Pérez J Puig-Parellada P Màrmol F Simonetti P Gardana C Lerat Y Burtin P Inisan C Rousseau I Besnard M Mitjavila MT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7773-7780
The consumption of seaweeds has increased in recent years. However, their adverse and beneficial effects have scarcely been studied. Two extracts from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus containing 28.8% polyphenols or 18% polyphenols plus 0.0012% fucoxanthin have been obtained and studied to determine their toxicity in mice and rats and also their antioxidant activity. Both extracts were shown to lack any relevant toxic effects in an acute toxicity test following a 4 week daily treatment in rats. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in noncellular systems and in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as well as in ex vivo assays in plasma and erythrocytes, after the 4 week treatment in rats. Our ex vivo results indicated that compounds from extract 2 may be more easily absorbed and that the antioxidants in their parent or metabolized form are more active. These findings support the view that the daily consumption of F. vesiculosus extract 2 (Healsea) would have potential benefits to humans. 相似文献
126.
Birosová L Mikulásová M Vaverková S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10183-10186
Phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in plant foods, and they have been reported to have multiple biological effects. This study investigates the ability of derivatives of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids to influence the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in the antibiotic-sensitive strain Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. We have found that cinnamic acid and its hydroxy derivatives increase the frequency of mutations leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in comparison with spontaneous mutagenesis. Derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acid showed no or very little effect. Interestingly, gallic acid caused only phenotype resistance but not arising of mutant strains. Vanillic acid decreased spontaneous mutation frequency, leading to resistance not only to ciprofloxacin but also to tetracycline and gentamicin, and also decreased mutation frequency induced by 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid, sodium azide, and hydrogen peroxide leading to ciprofloxacin resistance. 相似文献
127.
Beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii), Cercospora beticola, and rhizomania, caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein
virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae, are the most serious diseases of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris
subsp. vulgaris). The wild Beta species of section Procumbentes are known to be completely resistant to H. schachtii, C. beticola
and P. betae. Alien monosomic additions (2n=19), plants of cultivated beet (2n=18) carrying different individual chromosomes
of B. procumbens (2n=18) or B. patellaris (2n=36), were tested in greenhouse experiments for resistance to these pathogens.
Gene(s) conferring full resistance to the beet cyst nematode in B. patellaris are located on chromosome 1.1, and the other
tested chromosomes of B. patellaris are not involved in the expression of resistance. Artificial inoculation under greenhouse
conditions, with in vitro produced inoculum of C. beticola and spot-percentage rating of the disease intensity, showed that
the high level of resistance that was observed in the wild species B. procumbens and B. patellaris was not found in any of
the monosomic additions tested. It was suggested that genes on various chromosomes of the wild species are needed to express
full resistance, and that the chromosomes of group 7 of B. patellaris and chromosome 7 of B. procumbens have the largest effect.
The greenhouse tests for resistance to P. betae in B. patellaris derived monosomic additions showed that the addition families
of group 4.1 have a strong partial resistance, while the addition families of group 8.1 appeared to be completely resistant
to the pathogen. Resistance to P. betae in the two wild species as well as in the two resistant addition types did not exclude
infection with BNYVV, but resulted in a considerable reduction of the virus concentration. It was concluded that resistance
to the vector would complement virus resistance, and may provide a more effective and durable control of rhizomania.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
128.
Henrik Lütken Sabá Victoria Wallstr?m Erik Bj?rn Jensen Brian Christensen Renate Müller 《Euphytica》2012,188(3):397-407
Transformation of Kalancho? blossfeldiana ‘Molly’ using the naturally occurring bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a non-GMO strategy to breed compact plants. In the present study, crosses resembling a commercial breeding strategy were made to determine if the improved ornamental quality observed in the T1 generation was inherited to the offspring. F1 lines were produced by crossing the commercial Kalancho? cultivar ‘Sarah’ with a selected T1 line. Subsequently, F2 populations were produced by self-pollination of individual selected lines. The rol-genes were inherited to the progeny and the presence of rol-genes was confirmed in all F1 and many F2 plant lines exhibiting dwarfism. Screening of F1 and F2 plants showed that the rol-genes were inherited together. Besides decreased plant height, several F1 and F2 lines containing rol-genes exhibited changes in plant diameter, number of branches, flower diameter and time to first open flower and duration of flowering compared to the WT ‘Molly’. Furthermore, increased ethylene tolerance was observed in several lines containing rol-genes compared to the WT ‘Sarah’. Screening of three selected F2 populations derived from self-pollination of F1 lines containing rol-genes indicated a shift in distribution towards a lower mean plant height within the entire plant population compared to a control population of plants without rol-genes. Moreover, one of these F2 populations also exhibited earlier flowering compared to the control population. Compact potted plants and lines without delayed flowering and with improved ethylene tolerance were obtained and are valuable in commercial breeding programmes without using recombinant DNA technology. 相似文献
129.
130.