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171.
Giorgia della Rocca Juliana Tabarelli Brondani Flávia Augusta de Oliveira Martina Crociati Lakamy Sylla Agnes Elad Ngonput Alessandra Di Salvo Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1253-1261
Objective
The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the UNESP–Botucatu Unidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UCPS-IV) for assessing postoperative pain in cattle.Study design
Video analysis and psychometric testing.Animals
A total of 40 Nellore cattle, age 2–3 years, weighing 365 ± 51 kg.Methods
An English version of the scale was translated to Italian and back translated to English to ensure semantic equivalence. A total of four Italian observers and the researcher who developed the original scale (considered as the gold standard) analysed videos of 40 cattle previously subjected to orchiectomy (recorded for each cattle at four predetermined timepoints during the perioperative period) unaware of the videos’ timepoint. They assigned a pain score [ranging from no pain (0) to severe pain (10)] using the Italian version of the scale and verified the need for analgesic treatment for each animal. The obtained scores were subjected to psychometric validity, responsiveness and reliability tests.Results
The factor analysis of the scale resulted in a one-factor solution. Significant changes in pain scores in response to surgery and analgesics confirmed not only the content and construct validity, but also responsiveness. The agreement between the researcher who developed the original scale and the blinded observers and the correlation between the pain scores determined by the scale and those determined by three classical unidimensional pain scales confirmed criterion and concurrent validity. Internal consistency of the scale was excellent. Inter- and intrarater reliability ranged from moderate to good and from moderate to very good for all scale items, respectively, supporting reproducibility and stability. The cut-off point for rescue analgesia calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve was > 3.Conclusions and clinical relevance
The results confirm that the UNESP–Botucatu UCPS-IV appears to be a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of postorchiectomy pain in the bovine species. The determination of a cut-off point for rescue analgesia is also helpful for guiding analgesic therapy. 相似文献172.
173.
174.
Carolina Fernández-Ramos Oscar Ballesteros Alberto Zafra-Gómez Dalibor Šatínský Peter Solich Alberto Navalón Coral Verge Juan de Ferrer Miguel Perez-Pascual Jose Luís Vílchez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(3):104
Irrigation with reclaimed water and soil amendment with sewage sludge are becoming common practices in arid and semiarid areas. When wastewater treatments do not efficiently remove all the contaminants, these contaminants can later end up in agricultural soils. These contaminated soils are a potential source of surface and groundwater pollution by leaching and runoff. In the present work, we assessed the behavior of alcohol sulfates (AS) in agricultural soil. For the experimental work, a tract of soil was irrigated with linear alcohol sulfates with 12–18 hydrocarbon chain and subsequently tested for AS concentration from November 2014 to July 2015. The highest concentrations of AS were found at the top layer of soil (29.80 to 6.23 mg kg?1). The adsorption rate and the amount of surfactant adsorbed increased as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases. AS homologues can leach up to 60 cm. A mathematical model was applied to predict the environmental behavior of AS in the agricultural soils studied. Disappearance rate constant (k) values for AS homologues were between ?5.10·10?3 and ?1.68·10?2 h?1, and average half-life values were between 37 and 135 h. Coefficients of determination (R 2) between 92.4 and 99.1% showed that the proposed model satisfactorily describes the experimental results. The present study provides a conceptual framework and essential parameters for predicting and understanding the environmental behavior of AS in agricultural soils. 相似文献
175.
Characterization of a Potential Nutraceutical Ingredient: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Oil Unsaponifiable Fraction 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Augusta Caligiani Francesca Bonzanini Gerardo Palla Martina Cirlini Renato Bruni 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):277-283
The chemical fingerprinting of the unsaponifiable fraction of different Punica granatum seed oils was performed in order to evaluate their potential as a functional food ingredient. Qualitative and quantitative
determinations of tocopherol, aliphatic alcohol (including policosanol), squalene, phytosterols and triterpene contents were
performed by GC-MS. A high yield (3.1–4.2%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained and consistent levels of squalene (up to
800 mg/kg) and policosanol (118–185 mg/kg) were noticed. β-sitosterol (up to 8069 mg/kg) and cycloartenol (5916–7766 mg/kg)
were predominant in phytosterol and triterpene fractions, while β- and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant vitamin E forms.
Some minor variations were noticed between samples. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that the seed oil of P. granatum can be considered an interesting alimentary source of substances of nutraceutical value involved in the modulation of cholesterol
metabolism. 相似文献
176.
An investigation was made of how the conditions of formation affect the porous structure, sorption properties and strength
properties of nanocomposite sodium alginate fibres. It was found that the sorption properties of these fibres are determined
by the hydrophilic nature of the material. The strength properties, given low deformability at the stretching stage, depend
mainly on the value of the as-spun draw ratio. In SEM+EDS testing the presence of the natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) or SiO2 nanoadditives which had been added to the fibres was detected. 相似文献
177.
Phosphoinositides are involved in a large number of processes in cells and it is very demanding to study individual protein-lipid interactions in vivo due to their rapid turnover and involvement in simultaneous events. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing controlled amounts of phosphoinositides provide a defined model system where important specific recognition events involving phosphoinositides can be systematically investigated using surface sensitive analytical techniques. The authors have demonstrated the formation and characterized the assembly kinetics of SLBs incorporating phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP(2); 1, 5, and 10 wt?%) and phosphoinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (1 wt?%) using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. An increased fraction of phosphoinositides led to a higher barrier to liposome fusion, but full fluidity for the phosphatidylcholine lipids in the formed SLB. Significantly, the majority of phosphoinositides were shown to be immobile. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for the first time to verify that the PIP(2) fraction of lipids in the SLB scales linearly with the amount mixed in from stock solutions. 相似文献
178.
179.
Dragutin Perina Marina Korolija Marijana Popovi? Had?ija Ivana Grbe?a Robert Belu?i? Mirna Ime?ek Christine Morrow Melanija Posavec Marjanovi? Tatjana Bakran-Petricioli Andreja Miko? Helena ?etkovi? 《Marine drugs》2015,13(7):4179-4196
Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed (FAU) gene is down-regulated in human prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. Moreover, its dysregulation is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Sponges (Porifera) are animals without tissues which branched off first from the common ancestor of all metazoans. A large majority of genes implicated in human cancers have their homologues in the sponge genome. Our study suggests that FAU gene from the sponge Suberites domuncula reflects characteristics of the FAU gene from the metazoan ancestor, which have changed only slightly during the course of animal evolution. We found pro-apoptotic activity of sponge FAU protein. The same as its human homologue, sponge FAU increases apoptosis in human HEK293T cells. This indicates that the biological functions of FAU, usually associated with “higher” metazoans, particularly in cancer etiology, possess a biochemical background established early in metazoan evolution. The ancestor of all animals possibly possessed FAU protein with the structure and function similar to evolutionarily more recent versions of the protein, even before the appearance of true tissues and the origin of tumors and metastasis. It provides an opportunity to use pre-bilaterian animals as a simpler model for studying complex interactions in human cancerogenesis. 相似文献
180.
Enzo Vettorato Annalisa Zonca Maurizio Isola Roberto Villa Martina Gallo Giuliano Ravasio Michela Beccaglia Clara Montesissa Petra Cagnardi 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):310-315
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid agonist used extensively in human and, to a lesser extent, veterinary medicine throughout the world. The clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous (IV) and extradural (ED) tramadol (2 mg/kg) and its o-desmethyl metabolite were studied in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and post-operative pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale. A rapid (<5 min) and effective production of o-desmethyl tramadol was recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile was similar for tramadol and its metabolite irrespective of the route of administration. ED tramadol provided sufficient intra- and post-operative analgesia without significant clinical side-effects, but the post-operative analgesia was comparable to that following IV administration and the ED route could therefore not be considered a practical alternative to the IV route. 相似文献