高温环境如何影响母猪的泌乳性能(续完)

高温环境对甲状腺素值的影响还不清楚。在泌乳期间 ,饲养于 30℃的母猪与饲养于 2 0℃和 2 2℃的母猪相比 ,观察到甲状腺素的分泌不受影响(Prunier等 ,1997) ,降低不显著 (Barb等 ,1991)或显著降低 (MessiasdeBraganca等 ,1998)。刚断奶时 ,饲养于 30℃和饲养于 2 0℃的母猪 ,甲状腺素的浓度相近 ,而以后 (断奶后 8～ 12天 )则以饲养于30℃条件下者的甲状腺素浓度较低 (Prunier等 ,1997;MessiasdeBraganca等 ,1998)。高温对三碘甲状腺素浓度的影响比较明显 ,而在热应激期间 ,无论是泌乳母猪还是断奶后母猪 ,三碘甲状腺素的浓度都降低 (P…     

An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

Inland commercial fisheries management in France

The French fisheries management regime is based on public and private ownership of fishing waters associated with a complex multilevel management system. A total of 730 operational commercial inland fisheries were examined by analysis of thematic interviews and questionnaires. Commercial fishermen are beginning to understand the nature of their own activity and its relationship to the concept of sustainable management. Nevertheless, fishermen have to face two major problems: first, they are poorly represented on decision making bodies where anglers are dominant, and secondly their activities are governed by two separate ministries. Opportunities for future development may lie in decision making at the catchment level.     

Ultrasonographic and Gross Pathological Findings in the Mammary Glands of Weaned Sows Having Suffered Recidiving Mastitis Metritis Agalactia

In a large pig breeding herd with high prevalence of post-parturient diseases of the sows, weaned sows of different parity groups with (n = 663) or without (n = 1125) recidiving mastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) in their previous history were subjected to ultrasonography. A total of 114 of 663 sows with recidiving MMA in their previous history and with ultrasonographic visible mammary gland changes, and 157 of sows without recidiving MMA in their previous history were culled and subjected to gross pathological and bacteriological examination of their mammary glands. The sows having suffered MMA had more (p < 0.001) hyperechogenic images in their mammary glands compared with the sow having suffered no recidiving MMA. Abdominal glands were more (p < 0.01) prone to pathological changes compared with the pectoral ones. Sows of high parity had more hyperechogenic images and gross pathological changes in their mammary glands compared with the sows of low parity.     

Canine distal renal tubular acidosis and urolithiasis

Distal RTA is characterized by decreased distal renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion, decreased ability to acidify urine, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, hypocitraturia, and metabolic acidosis. Because of the resulting alterations in urine composition and pH, patients with distal RTA are predisposed to urolithiasis and renal calcification. Diagnosis of distal RTA is important because it is a potentially reversible disorder that, left untreated, may cause nephrocalcinosis, recurrent urolith formation, moderate to severe metabolic acidosis, and renal failure.     

THE H-ION CONCENTRATION AND THE ORIGIN OF THE HEART BEAT

The rate of the frog or guinea pig heart preparation was not significantly influenced by the H-ion concentration when this was kept within limits which allowed the heart to continue beating. The theory that the H-ion concentration is intimately concerned with the origination of the heart beat is not supported by the results of this investigation.     

Individual antigens of cattle. Bovine CD2 (BoCD2).

The data obtained in the workshop provide further evidence that CH128A and IL-A26 and the 12 new mAbs that form a cluster recognise the bovine orthologue of CD2. The mAbs inhibit rosetting with SRBC, stain cells in primary and secondary lymphoid organs in patterns consistent with those obtained in humans with anti-CD2 mAbs, and the 11 IgG mAbs all immunoprecipitate a peptide with a Mr of 58-62 kDa. It is not clear from the studies whether the epitopes defined by the mAbs correspond with the region I and II epitopes present on CD2. None of the data suggest that any of the mAbs recognise the region III (CDD2R) epitope (Peterson and Seed, 1987; Knapp et al., 1989). Further studies are now needed to define the physical and functional relation of the epitopes and establish whether antibody-mediated activation corresponds with that noted in humans. Data reported in one study (Baldwin et al., 1988) with IL-A26 suggest possible differences in the requirements for activation. In addition, further studies are needed to demonstrate how many cell types express BoCD2. In mice, evidence has been presented which shows the mouse orthologue is expressed on some B cells (Yagitta et al., 1989). Studies in cattle have clearly shown CD2 is present on the majority of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and a small population of CD4-/CD8- cells (Baldwin et al., 1988; Davis, unpublished observations). Evidence presented in this workshop has shown that some CD2+ cells express a WC2 molecule (Sopp et al., 1991).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The Effect of Exogenous Hormone Treatment on Spermiation in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry)

For the evaluation of hormonal control of spermiation in fish, a method to quanify the spermiation response of mature Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage and Dabry) to hormonal therapy is described. Spermatocrit was determined after 7 min centrifugation at 18,000 ± g and sperm density was estimated by a standard hemocytomer method. Sperm density can be predicted from spermatocrit since their relationship is linear as described by the regression equation, Y = 3.68X - 27.18 ( R ² = 0.82, N = 50). where Y is spermatocrit and × is sperm density. Milt production by mature R. oxycephalus was highest at 24 h after injection of 1,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and 50 μg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa) per kg body weight. Increased milt production coincided with low spermatocrit and sperm density levels. These results demonstrate that spermiation in mature R. oxycephalus can be reliably evaluated by a spermatocrit method and that HCG and LHRHa are effective in stimulating of spermiation in this species.