全文获取类型
收费全文 | 65048篇 |
免费 | 3738篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 3887篇 |
农学 | 2097篇 |
基础科学 | 305篇 |
9108篇 | |
综合类 | 10594篇 |
农作物 | 2570篇 |
水产渔业 | 3644篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 31331篇 |
园艺 | 787篇 |
植物保护 | 4499篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 626篇 |
2020年 | 612篇 |
2019年 | 659篇 |
2018年 | 1338篇 |
2017年 | 1457篇 |
2016年 | 1331篇 |
2015年 | 1136篇 |
2014年 | 1357篇 |
2013年 | 2626篇 |
2012年 | 2483篇 |
2011年 | 2558篇 |
2010年 | 1599篇 |
2009年 | 1608篇 |
2008年 | 2381篇 |
2007年 | 2360篇 |
2006年 | 2133篇 |
2005年 | 2025篇 |
2004年 | 1881篇 |
2003年 | 1804篇 |
2002年 | 1659篇 |
2001年 | 1813篇 |
2000年 | 1753篇 |
1999年 | 1457篇 |
1998年 | 515篇 |
1997年 | 527篇 |
1996年 | 525篇 |
1995年 | 558篇 |
1993年 | 512篇 |
1992年 | 1058篇 |
1991年 | 1036篇 |
1990年 | 1024篇 |
1989年 | 1042篇 |
1988年 | 988篇 |
1987年 | 1020篇 |
1986年 | 1005篇 |
1985年 | 1000篇 |
1984年 | 810篇 |
1983年 | 730篇 |
1979年 | 759篇 |
1978年 | 636篇 |
1977年 | 551篇 |
1976年 | 507篇 |
1975年 | 547篇 |
1974年 | 794篇 |
1973年 | 696篇 |
1972年 | 773篇 |
1971年 | 763篇 |
1970年 | 627篇 |
1969年 | 629篇 |
1967年 | 540篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
991.
Ellagic acid, vitamin C, and total phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacity affected by freezing and frozen storage in raspberry fruit 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C contents in four raspberry cultivars (Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Rubi, and Zeva) grown in Spain were detected and quantified by HPLC in fresh, just frozen, and stored fruits at -20 degrees C for a one year period. Ellagic acid [207-244 mg kg(-)(1) of fresh weight (fw)], total phenolic (137-1776 mg kg(-)(1) of fw), and vitamin C (221-312 mg kg(-)(1) of fw) contents in raw material were higher in the late cultivars Zeva and Rubi than in the early cultivars Autumn Bliss and Heritage. The freezing process slightly affected the values of extracted ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C content. At the end of long-term frozen storage (12 months), no significant change of total phenolic content extracted was observed, but significant decreases of 14-21% in ellagic acid and of 33-55% in vitamin C were quantified. Free radical scavenging capacity measured as antiradical efficiency (AE) depends on the seasonal period of harvest. Late cultivars, Rubi (6.1 x 10(-)(4)) and Zeva (10.17 x 10(-)(4)), showed higher AE than early cultivars, Heritage (4.02 x 10(-)(4)) and Autumn Bliss (4.36 x 10(-)(4)). The freezing process produced a decrease of AE values in the four cultivars ranging between 4 and 26%. During the frozen storage, the AE values reached after the freezing process remained unchanged. 相似文献
992.
Vermicomposting of coffee pulp using the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Effects on C and N contents and the availability of nutrients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In Colombia, more than 1 million tons of coffee pulp are produced every year. Its transformation into compost by means of turned piles has led to a final product with poor physical and chemical characteristics and vermicomposting has been suggested as an alternative method of transforming these wastes into a useful organic fertilizer. The ability of the earthworm Eisenia fetida to transform coffee pulp into a valuable compost was evaluated. The influence of bed depth and time on different C fractions, N content and availability of nutrients was studied. The results showed that the C and N contents were not affected by the depth of the bed, whereas time affected both. An increase in the fractionation ratio, determined by calculating the C in the fraction smaller than 100 m as a percentage of C in the samples as a whole, and low values of humic-like substances were recorded during vermicomposting. After ingestion of the pulp by the earthworms, an increase in available P, Ca, and Mg but a decrease in K were detected. 相似文献
993.
Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied,
positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement
ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected
by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied
alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly
on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes
(i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there
was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104
may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination.
Received: 11 December 1995 相似文献
994.
Defining the validity of a biochemical index of soil quality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. C. Leirós C. Trasar-Cepeda F. García-Fernández F. Gil-Sotres 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,30(1-2):140-146
The native soils of Galicia (NW Spain) exhibit a biochemical equilibrium such that total soil N is a function of five biochemical
and microbiological parameters: microbial biomass C, mineralized N, phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activities.
To investigate whether the ratio of the total N calculated from biochemical soil properties (Nc) and the total N as measured
by the Kjeldahl method (Nk; Nc/Nk) can be used as an index of soil quality, we determined these variables and consequently
the ratio in three kinds of disturbed soils: an artificially Cu-contaminated soil, two lignite mine soils, and a number of
arable soils. In none of the studied soils did the individual biochemical parameters respond consistently to the factors influencing
soil quality, but in all cases soil degradation was reflected by the Nc/Nk value, which differed more or less markedly from
100%. Nc/Nk can therefore be used for the rapid evaluation of soil degradation, since it distinguishes among biochemically
balanced soils, soils in a transient state of high microbiological and biochemical activity and degraded soils. It can also
serve as a reliable basis for the rapid calculation of the "ecological dose" (ED50) of soil pollutants. The use of Nc/Nk as an objective index of the biochemical quality of soils is recommended.
Received: 20 December 1998 相似文献
995.
A Romani N Mulinacci P Pinelli F F Vincieri A Cimato 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(3):964-967
In this study polyphenolic compounds extracted from olive fruits of five registered cultivars were analyzed. A solid-liquid extraction (LSE) procedure with Extrelut cartridge (diatomaceous earth) using different eluents was developed to obtain polyphenolic compounds. HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS methods were applied for the quali-quantitative analysis of each fraction obtained from LSE. The results of this work show that the LSE procedure with diatomaceous earth cartridge supplies a rapid and reproducible fractioning method able to obtain a quantitative recovery of all compounds and to collect fractions directly analyzed by HPLC. A comparison among different cultivars shows significant quantitative differences in some polyphenols, such as verbascoside, anthocyanic compounds, and oleuropein derivatives. 相似文献
996.
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was examined as a possible alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder (n = 26). NIR spectra were collected over 400-2500 nm. For each sample and individual ginsenoside quantified by HPLC, spectral data were regressed against the chemical data to develop prediction equations. The spectral prediction equations produced high correlation coefficient (1-VR) values and low standard errors of cross validation (SECV) values for the determination of individual and total ginsenosides. The contents of individual ginsenosides, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re, Rg(1), Ro, m-Rb(1), m-Rb(2), m-Rc, m-Rd, and total ginsenosides (X +/- SECV) were (1.29+/-0.18)%, (0.273+/-0.096)%, (0.298+/-0.052)%, (0.091+/-0.027)%, (1. 015+/-0.114)%, (0.116+/-0.018)%, (0.25+/-0.040)%, (0.776+/-0.116)%, (0.197+/-0.074)%, (0.239+/-0.083)%, (0.143+/-0.042)%, and (4.393+/-0.283)%, respectively. The (1-VR) values of cross validation were 0.877, 0.872, 0.955, 0.834, 0.899, 0.919, 0.325, 0.849, 0.902, 0.877, 0.871, and 0.963, respectively. Results indicated that the NIRS method could be used for the analysis of the major ginsenosides, Rb(1), Re, and m-Rb(1), as well as the total ginsenosides in American ginseng. 相似文献
997.
A partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in raspberry fruits is described. Two early cultivars harvested in May/June (Heritage and Autumm Bliss) and two late cultivars harvested in October-November (Ceva and Rubi) were analyzed for PPO activity. Stable and highly active PPO extracts were obtained using insoluble poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Triton X-100 in sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 buffer. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of raspberry extracts under nondenaturing conditions resolved in one band (R(f)()(1) = 0.25). Raspberry PPO activity has pH optima of 8.0 and 5.5, both with catechol (0.1 M). Maximum activity was with D-catechin (catecholase activity), followed by p-coumaric acid (cresolase activity). Heritage raspberry also showed PPO activity toward 4-methylcatechol. Ceva and Autumm Bliss raspberries showed the higher PPO activity using catechol as substrate. 相似文献
998.
Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics, and anthocyanins after fresh storage of small fruits. 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
W Kalt C F Forney A Martin R L Prior 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(11):4638-4644
Fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus Michx.), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) were stored at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees C for up to 8 days to determine the effects of storage temperature on whole fruit antioxidant capacity (as measured by the oxygen radical absorbing capacity assay, Cao et al., Clin. Chem. 1995, 41, 1738-1744) and total phenolic, anthocyanin, and ascorbate content. The four fruit varied markedly in their total antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated with the content of total phenolics (0.83) and anthocyanins (0.90). The antioxidant capacity of the two blueberry species was about 3-fold higher than either strawberries or raspberries. However, there was an increase in the antioxidant capacity of strawberries and raspberries during storage at temperatures >0 degrees C, which was accompanied by increases in anthocyanins in strawberries and increases in anthocyanins and total phenolics in raspberries. Ascorbate content differed more than 5-fold among the four fruit species; on average, strawberries and raspberries had almost 4-times more ascorbate than highbush and lowbush blueberries. There were no ascorbate losses in strawberries or highbush blueberries during 8 days of storage at the various temperatures, but there were losses in the other two fruit species. Ascorbate made only a small contribution (0.4-9.4%) to the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The increase observed in antioxidant capacity through postharvest phenolic synthesis and metabolism suggested that commercially feasible technologies may be developed to enhance the health functionality of small fruit crops. 相似文献
999.
E López Agüero N Bosch Bosch C Barrera Vázquez B López Ruiz 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(11):4682-4685
A new, simple, precise, and rapid ion chromatography (IC) method has been developed to determine chloride in mustard sauces using a mixture of phthalic acid, acetone, and water adjusted to pH 5.0 as eluent. Conductometric detection was carried out. The retention time for chloride was 1.5 min. Linearity was obtained up to a concentration level of 100 mg/L NaCl. The method was statistically evaluated for accuracy and precision after being used to assay the chloride from mustard sauces. Within the same samples, the chloride levels obtained by IC were compared with the sodium concentrations quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 相似文献
1000.
Handelman GJ Cao G Walter MF Nightingale ZD Paul GL Prior RL Blumberg JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):4888-4893
Milled oat groat pearlings, trichomes, flour, and bran were extracted with methanol and the fractions tested in vitro for antioxidant capacity against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and R-phycoerythrin protein oxidation in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The oxidative reactions were generated by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) HCl (AAPH) or Cu(2+) in the LDL assay and by AAPH or Cu(2+) + H(2)O(2) in the ORAC assay and calibrated against a Trolox standard to calculate Trolox equivalents (1 Trolox equivalent = 1 TE = activity of 1 micromol of Trolox). The antioxidant capacity of the oat fractions was generally consistent with a potency rank of pearlings (2.89-8.58 TE/g) > flour (1.00-3.54 TE/g) > trichome (1.74 TE/g) = bran (1.02-1.62 TE/g) in both LDL and ORAC assays regardless of the free radical generator employed. A portion of the oat antioxidant constituents may be heat labile as the greatest activity was found among non-steam-treated pearlings. The contribution of oat tocols from the fractions accounted for <5% of the measured antioxidant capacity. AAPH-initiated oxidation of LDL was inhibited by the oat fractions in a dose-dependent manner, although complete suppression was not achieved with the highest doses tested. In contrast, Cu(2+)-initiated oxidation of LDL stimulated peroxide formation with low oat concentrations but completely inhibited oxidation with higher doses. Thus, oats possess antioxidant capacity most of which is likely derived from polar phenolic compounds in the aleurone. 相似文献