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Pedro M. Domingues Lorenzo Marquez Nelda López Carlos Rosas 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(3):283-299
The diet of frozen grass shrimp (P. varians) was compared to similar grass shrimp that had suffered either boiling, drying at 60°C, or freeze-drying by lyophilization
at −40°C. In experiment 1, cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp were significantly larger (P < 0.05) at the end of 10 days and at the end of the experiment, compared with those fed the boiled or dried shrimp. Growth
rates were also higher for cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp, compared with the remaining two. Growth rates were also higher
for cuttlefish fed the frozen shrimp, compared with the remaining two. In experiment 2, there were no differences in weight
(P > 0.05) between cuttlefish fed the frozen or the freeze-dried shrimp, whereas cuttlefish fed the dried shrimp were smaller
at the end of the experiment. Growth rates of cuttlefish fed the dried shrimp were lower, compared with those for cuttlefish
fed the frozen and freeze-dried shrimp, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) between them. Cuttlefish fed freeze-dried and frozen shrimp showed a higher trypsin activity compared to animals
fed boiled and dry (60°C) shrimp. A higher proportion of absorbed energy was channelled into biomass production in animals
fed frozen and freeze-dried shrimp (56% and 43%, respectively) than for animals fed oven-dried (60°C) or boiled shrimp. The
heat treatment suffered by the shrimp, either dry or wet, negatively affected diet quality, probably due to denaturation,
and loss (by boiling) of proteins and amino acids. Additionally, the heating processes may have oxidized the lipids to a large
extent, contributing to the loss of the polar lipids (polyunsaturated fatty acids), which are essential for cephalopods as
for other organisms. Freeze-drying by lyophilization (negative temperatures) did not affect the nutritional quality of the
shrimp. 相似文献
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Digestive enzymatic activity and growth performance on tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae fed Artemia nauplii (LF), frozen adult Artemia (AB), an artificial diet (AF) with 46% protein and 16% lipids and a starvation group (SG) from first feeding (5?days after hatching-5 DAH) to 34 DAH were studied. All larvae under starvation (SG) died at 15 DAH. By the end of the experimental period, morphological variables (total length, wet weight and specific growth rate) were significant in larvae fed AF compared to LF and AB. All enzymes studied in the experiment were present since the start of exogenous feeding (including pepsin) and the enzymatic activity varied with the diets. Low levels of enzymatic activity were observed until the 29 DAH; however, after this moment, there was a significant increase (eightfold), particularly for the AF treatment. In vitro protein digestibility tests performed with enzymatic extracts showed that artificial diets with 52% protein and 14% lipids were better digested by larvae before 30 DAH, while diets with 45% protein and 11% lipids were better digested after this age. Taking into account the better growth performance, higher enzymatic activity and better protein digestibility obtained, artificial diets can be used since the start of exogenous feeding on tropical gar larvae, as in other lepisosteids. 相似文献
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Jonathan M Congdon Megan Marquez Sirirat Niyom Pedro Boscan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(5):464-471
ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiovascular, respiratory, electrolyte and acid–base effects of a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine during propofol–isoflurane anesthesia following premedication with dexmedetomidine.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsFive adult male Walker Hound dogs 1–2 years of age averaging 25.4 ± 3.6 kg.MethodsDogs were sedated with dexmedetomidine 10 μg kg?1 IM, 78 ± 2.3 minutes (mean ± SD) before general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 ± 0.5 mg kg?1) IV and maintained with 1.5% isoflurane. Thirty minutes later dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg kg?1 IV was administered over 5 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg kg?1 hour?1. Cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), ECG, direct blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory parameters, acid–base and arterial blood gases and electrolytes were measured 30 and 60 minutes after the infusion started. Data were analyzed via multiple linear regression modeling of individual variables over time, compared to anesthetized baseline values. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsNo statistical difference from baseline for any parameter was measured at any time point. Baseline CO, HR and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) before infusion were 3.11 ± 0.9 L minute?1, 78 ± 18 beats minute?1 and 96 ± 10 mmHg, respectively. During infusion CO, HR and MAP were 3.20 ± 0.83 L minute?1, 78 ± 14 beats minute?1 and 89 ± 16 mmHg, respectively. No differences were found in respiratory rates, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium or lactate measurements before or during infusion.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine infusion using a loading dose of 0.5 μg kg?1 IV followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.5 μg kg?1 hour?1 does not cause any significant changes beyond those associated with an IM premedication dose of 10 μg kg?1, in propofol–isoflurane anesthetized dogs. IM dexmedetomidine given 108 ± 2 minutes before onset of infusion showed typical significant effects on cardiovascular parameters. 相似文献
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Isabel Louro Massaretto Márcio Fernando Madureira Alves Nádia Valéria Mussi de Mira Adriana Karaoglanovic Carmona Ursula Maria Lanfer Marquez 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011,54(2):236-240
Whole rice has been widely studied due to the abundance of bioactive compounds in its pericarp. Some of the beneficial effects of these compounds on human health have been attributed to their antioxidant and other biological activities, such as enzyme inhibition. In this work, we evaluated the contents of total, soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds of 6 red and 10 non-pigmented genotypes of whole rice as well as their inhibitory effect on the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The effects of cooking on phenolics and their inhibitory activities were also investigated. Red genotypes showed high content of phenolics, mainly soluble compounds, at an average of 409.7 mg ferulic acid eq./100 g, whereas overall lower average levels (99.4 mg ferulic acid eq./100 g) at an approximate soluble/insoluble compound ratio of 1:1 were observed in non-pigmented rice. Pigmented rice displayed a greater inhibitory effect on ACE than non-pigmented rice. In fact, a significant correlation between the content of soluble phenolics and ACE inhibition was observed (r = 0.8985, p < 0.05). In addition to significantly reducing the levels of total phenolics and ACE inhibition, cooking altered the soluble/insoluble compound ratio, especially among red rice genotypes. 相似文献
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Assessing soil quality in a riparian buffer by testing organic matter fractions in central Iowa, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. O. Marquez C. A. Cambardella T. M. Isenhart R. C. Schultz 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,44(2-3):133-140
A multispecies riparian buffer strip (MRB) was established along Bear Creek in central Iowa by the Agroecology Issues Team
at Iowa State University (ISU) in order to assess the ability of the MRB to positively impact soil erosion and process non-point
source pollutants to improve water quality. Soil organic matter (SOM), and especially biologically-active soil organic matter,
is considered to be an important soil quality indicator variable because of it has relationship to critical soil functions
like erodibility and the capacity of the soil to act as an environmental buffer. The objectives of this study were to examine
trends in SOM C accrual and to quantify intra-seasonal changes in SOM C and particulate organic matter (POM) C for each vegetation
zone of a MRBS seven years after establishment on previously cultivated or heavily grazed soil. Total SOM C and POM C in soil
under perennial vegetation (poplar, switchgrass and cool season grass) were significantly higher than under cropped soil.
Total POM C changed within vegetation type over the four month study period, whereas total SOM C did not. After six growing
seasons, SOM C increased 8.5% under poplar grown in association with cool season grass, and 8.6% under switchgrass. The results
are very promising and suggest that changes in SOM C can occur in a relatively short time after the establishment of perennial
vegetation in a MRB. These changes should increase the ability of MRB soil to process non-point source pollutants.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the novel oral demethylating agent zebularine in laboratory and tumor bearing dogs 下载免费PDF全文
C. M. Fulkerson D. Dhawan D. R. Jones V. E. Marquez P. A. Jones Z. Wang Q. Wu J. E. Klaunig L. M. Fourez P. L. Bonney D. W. Knapp 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(1):226-236
The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicity of zebularine, an oral cytidine analog with demethylating activity, in dogs. Plasma zebularine concentrations were determined by HPLC‐MS/MS following an oral zebularine dose of 8 or 4 mg kg?1. Plasma zebularine clearance was constant. Mean maximum concentration (Cmax) was 23 ± 4.8 and 8.6 ± 1.4 µM following 8 and 4 mg kg?1, respectively. Mean half‐life was 5.7 ± 0.84 and 7.1 ± 2.1 following 8 and 4 mg kg?1, respectively. A single 8 mg kg?1 dose was well tolerated. Daily 4 mg kg?1 treatment in three laboratory dogs resulted in grade 4 neutropenia (n = 3), grade 1 anorexia (n = 2) and grade 1 or 2 dermatologic changes (n = 2). All adverse events resolved with supportive care. A 4 mg kg?1 dose every 21 days was well tolerated. A follow‐up dose escalation study is in progress with a lower starting dose. 相似文献