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921.
Farrah R. Fatemi Ivan J. Fernandez Johanna Szillery Stephen A. Norton Lindsey E. Rustad 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(9):6171-6186
We examined long-term changes in soil solution chemistry associated with experimental, whole watershed-acidification at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). At BBWM, the West Bear (WB) watershed has been treated with bimonthly additions of ((NH4)2 SO4) since 1989. The adjacent East Bear (EB) watershed serves as a biogeochemical reference. Soil solution chemistry in the EB watershed was relatively stable from 1989?C2007, with the exception of declining SO4?CS concentrations associated with a progressive decline in SO4?CS deposition during this period. Soil solution chemistry in WB reflected a progressive change in acid-neutralization mechanisms from base cation buffering to Al buffering associated with treatment during this period. Total dissolved Al concentrations progressively increased over time and were ~4× higher in 2007 than in 1989. Treatment of WB was also associated with long-term increases in soil solution H+, SO4?CS, and NO3?CN, whereas soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was unresponsive to treatment. For solutes such as Ca, H+, and SO4?CS, changes in stream chemistry were generally parallel to changes in soil solution chemistry, indicating a close coupling of terrestrial and aquatic processes that regulate the chemistry of solutions in this first-order stream watershed. For other solutes such as Al and DOC, solute concentrations were higher in soil solutions compared with streams, suggesting that sorption and transformation processes along hydrologic flow-paths were important in regulating the chemistry of solutions and the transport of these solutes. 相似文献
922.
Chang?Hoon?Lee Sang?Yoon?Kim Maria?B.?Villamil Prabhat?Pramanik Chang?Ok?Hong Pil?Joo?KimEmail author 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(4):435-442
Cultivation of green manure plants during the fallow season in rice paddy soil has been strongly recommended to improve soil
properties. However, green manuring may impact greenhouse gas emission, methane (hereafter, CH4) in particular, under the flooded rice cultivation and thus, application of chemical amendments being electron acceptors
can be an effective mitigation strategy to reduce CH4 emissions in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) field amended with green manure. To investigate the effect of iron (Fe) slag silicate fertilizer (hereafter, silicate
fertilizer), which was effective in reducing CH4 emission and increasing rice productivity, in green manure-amended paddy soil, the aboveground biomass of Chinese milk vetch
(hereafter, vetch) was added at rates of 0, 10, 20, and 40 Mg (fresh weight) ha−1 before the application of silicate fertilizer, which was added at rates of 0 and 2.3 Mg ha−1. Silicate fertilization reduced the seasonal CH4 flux by ca. 14.5% and increased rice yield by ca. 15.7% in the control (no vetch application) treatment. However, CH4 production was increased by silicate fertilization in vetch-treated soil particularly at the initial rice growing stage,
which was probably due to the enhanced decomposition of added organic matters by the silicate liming effect. In conclusion,
silicate fertilization is not effective in reducing CH4 production in green manure-amended rice paddy soils and its use should be properly controlled. 相似文献
923.
924.
Maria João Verdasca Ana Sofia Leitão Joana Santana Miguel Porto Susana Dias Pedro Beja 《Biological conservation》2012,146(1):14-23
In cultural landscapes there are often negative biodiversity consequences of agricultural abandonment and subsequent scrub and forest encroachment, due to homogenization and the loss of early-successional habitats. The common forestry practice of removing understory vegetation to prevent fire hazard (fuel management) probably has the side-effect of ameliorating these consequences, but it is uncertain whether it effectively restores habitats for early-successional species. Here we examine the influence of time since fuel management and management frequency on butterfly assemblages, using a chronosequence of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands spanning about 70 years. Overall species richness increased immediately after management and abundances peaked about 2–3 years later, while both declined thereafter for about 10–20 years to pre-disturbance levels. Richness and abundances were also much higher in recurrently managed stands. Most life history groups showed successional trends similar to the overall species richness and abundances, though consistent positive effects of fuel management were only observed for species with univoltine life cycle, herbaceous layer feeding, larval overwintering, and intermediate body size. Individual species were largely associated with recent and recurrent management, though a few specialists occurred most often in undisturbed stands. These findings suggest that fuel management at <10 years intervals is strongly positive for butterfly assemblages in landscapes under land abandonment. However, to maintain the overall forest biodiversity it is critical that patches of undisturbed habitat are also retained at the landscape scale. 相似文献
925.
926.
Teresa Fuertes‐Mendizábal Carmen González‐Murua Ma. B. González‐Moro José M. Estavillo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(1):115-124
A pot experiment with wheat plants was carried out to study how late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer affects the use of pre‐anthesis N reserves during the grain‐filling period. Increasing doses of N fertilizer were applied (0, 40, and 52 mg N plant–1), either in two amendments (growth stages GS20 and GS30, according to Zadoks scale) or in three amendments (GS20, GS30, and GS37). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized three‐block design with 129 plants per treatment. The plants were watered daily, harvested every 2 d between anthesis and maturity, and were separated into roots, leaf sheaths, leaf blades, and ears for further N determination. Grain N concentration improved due to a late N application in GS37 by 14% (higher N dose) and by 7% (further splitting the same N‐fertilizer dose, respectively). The higher the N‐fertilizer dose applied, the greater was the amount of pre‐anthesis reserves in vegetative organs, these reserves became later available for remobilization. Although splitting the same N dose in three amendments did not increase the N reserves, these reserves were more efficiently remobilized allowing an improvement in grain N concentration. The fertilizer management did not change the temporary pattern of N accumulation in the ear, but did induce a change in the amount of N remobilized and in the contribution of each organ (root, leaf sheath, leaf blade) to this remobilization. Late N amendment allowed a greater N availability of leaf blades and ear N reserves (from 20% up to 26% and from 19% up to 22%, respectively) for remobilization towards the grain, decreasing the root contribution from 28% down to 15%, while the contribution of leaf sheaths was maintained around 35% irrespective of the N applied. 相似文献
927.
Susana Peña-Rodríguez Xabier Pontevedra-Pombal David Fernández-Calviño Teresa Taboada Manuel Arias-Estévez Antonio Martínez-Cortizas Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz Eduardo García-Rodeja 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):542-555
Purpose
Volcanoes are a natural source of Hg, whose deposition can occur in neighbouring soils. This study examines the role of soil compounds in the geochemical behaviour of total Hg (Hg T ) in volcanic soils. An estimation of Hg from lithological origin is also assessed to ascertain the relevance of other sources in Hg T accumulated in volcanic soils. 相似文献928.
Sara Hueso Gennaro Brunetti Nicola Senesi Karam Farrag Teresa Hernández Carlos García 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(4):503-512
Purpose
The objective of this work was to assess the effect of severe drought conditions on the characteristics of semiarid soil humic acids (HAs) as well as the effect of organic amendment on such changes. 相似文献929.
Pilar?Cano Vanessa?Jiménez Maria?P?álvarez Mario?Alvari?o Daniel?P?Cardinali Ana?I?EsquifinoEmail author 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2005,3(1):9
Background
This work describes the effect of a 48-h litter separation on 24-h patterns of plasma prolactin, FSH and LH concentration in female lactating rabbits kept under a 16:8 light-dark photoperiod (lights on at 0800 h). 相似文献930.
Anunciación Lafuente Teresa Cabaleiro Pilar Cano Ana I Esquifino 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2006,4(1):3-9