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991.
We evaluated differences between the forest floors and the establishment and growth of coniferous seedlings in fenced (13 years)
and unfenced plots on Mt Ohdaigahara where the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population density is high. Large coniferous seedlings (height > 0.05 m) were less abundant in the unfenced plot, as a result
of deer browsing. Small coniferous seedlings (height < 0.05 m), however, were more abundant in the unfenced plot, where most
seedlings of Abies homolepis were found on bare ground and those of Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis were found on buttresses and fallen logs. The large area of bare ground in the unfenced plot was caused by deer browsing.
Deer therefore have an indirect effect on the emergence and growth of small coniferous seedlings by modifying the forest floor. 相似文献
992.
In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied.
The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate,
and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it
possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure
impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating
fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating
was resistant to light and moisture.
Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March
2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society 相似文献
993.
This study is part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) in accordance with consumer preference. Results are presented of a trend survey that examined the preferences of consumers
using questionnaires combined with sensory evaluation. From the original preference (OP) survey, the distributions of OP divided
by age class (AC) were statistically equal to the results obtained in 2000. The medians of OP for teenagers and twenties were
“neutral” and “slightly like,” respectively. A firm preference change occurred between teenagers and those in their twenties.
It is empirically realized that sensory intensity (SI) scores that were too high or too low led to a low hedonic preference
(HP) score. The same tendency was seen for “neutralists” and “likers.” In addition, almost all distributions concerned with
HP had no significant difference between 2000 and 2005; for example, that of SI divided by AC. These results showed that the
preference for dried shiitake mushroom has been unaffected by the passage of the past 5 years. Dried shiitake mushrooms have
been used from ancient times and for many dishes; therefore, the overall preference appears to have remained unchanged. 相似文献
994.
世界贸易组织(简称WTO),作为处理世界自由贸易机制的国际组织,允许为可持续发展和保护自由贸易和环境选择利用世界自然资源。中国作为世界贸易组织成员国,签定入世议定书,入世后中国在林业的可持续发展方面受到世界贸易组织的条约和原则的制约和挑战。中国的林业资源应当作为基础资源加以保护,政府的行政管理职能在世界贸易组织的原则下加以改革。因此,中国林业的可持续发展的目.标是优先处理环境保护和经济发展的关系。在入世条件下,按照世界惯例,中国林业资源可持续发展问题瞄准中国林业体制改革,以便适用中国天然林业战略,依靠科技进步依法保护中国环境,特别是在中国林业保护和处理环境和自然资源等关系方面。依据世界贸易组织的协议和规则,建立林业的生态化体系,尤其是GATT20条的规定,保护中国林业可持续发展,为中国林业创建国际环境。表1参21。 相似文献
995.
Development, manufacture and application of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LANGZi-jian SUYuan-ji WANGZhi-ying ChenLi-ping 《林业研究》2004,15(3):218-222
The optimal formula of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension was screened out through the experiment,preparation and manufacture of basic formulas, which has no sedimentation, suspended drops of oil, peels and agglomerating and the diameter of capsule is in range of 10-30μm, conformed to the technical requirement. The aftereffect of the 3.3% Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension which was manufactured according to the optimal formula was up more than 25 days. The experiments on controlling the larvae of Dendrolinmus superans Butler and the adults of Xylotrechus rusticus L were carried out with different concentrations of this chemical. The death rate reached 80% when 250 times solution of the chemical was sprayed on stem to control the larvae of D. superans. For control of the adults of X. rusticus, 200, 400 and 600 times solution of the chemical were applied and their control effects (death rate) reached 85.23%, 74.21% and 66.59% respectively. Two kinds of solution (200 times and 300 times) of the chemical were used to control the larvae of D. superans in large area, and the control effect for both concentrations was over 90%. 相似文献
996.
This review details the Korean species of the Eilema group in the subfamily Arctiinae of Erebidae: 19 species in five genera (Manulea, Collita, Katha, Dolgoma, and Wittia), a new species (Collita hwacheonensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, sp. nov.), and an unrecorded species [C. vetusta aegrota (Butler 1877)]. All species are diagnosed, and figures of the adults and genitalia and a key to species based on male genital structure of Eilema group in South Korea are included. 相似文献
997.
Pastur Guillermo Martínez Peri Pablo Luis Fernández María Cecilia Staffieri Gabriela Lencinas Mará Vanessa 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(3):165-174
Human commercial activities must be compatible with sustainable management to achieve species conservation in the natural
environment. After harvesting, diversity and abundance of understory species differ substantially from the pre-harvest situation.
Have knowledge of the changes that logging produces in all components of the system allows us to develop management alternatives
with reduced impacts. The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in density, biomass and diversity of understory species
along a forest shelterwood cut system management cycle in aNothofagus pumilio forest. Six forest management situations (postharvesting stands and different phases of forest development) were sampled
in a pureN. pumilio forest of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) of middle-high site class (fromclass I toIII). Species number, density and biomass were modified substantially after a shelterwood cut. These were being greatest after
cutting and falling substantially when the forest canopy closes during theinitial growth phase, returning to values similar to this virgin forest when themature phase was reached. The impact of the forest management on understory species diversity is analyzed and discussed. The silvicultural
practices applied toN. pumilio forest in Tierra del Fuego permit the introduction of alien flora to the system, and produce great changes during the forest
management cycle.
To Celina Matteri, Itatí Ferraro, and Rosa Kofalt for their aid in taxonomical identification. To Juan Manuel Cellini, Ricardo
Vukasovic and Gregorio Martínez Pastur for their participation in the field work; and to the sawmillLos Castores, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología
Agropecuaria for the institutional and financial support. 相似文献
998.
H. W. Fassbender L. Alpízar J. Heuveldop H. Fölster G. Enríquez 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1):49-62
Models for cycles for organic matter and nutrients element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) are presented for the agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) withCordia alliodora orErythrina poeppigiana in Turrialba, Costa Rica.For the models, system reserves (soil, humus, vegetation divided into leaves, branches, stems, fine roots, fruits) and transference between compartments (production and decomposition of litter residues) inputs (fertilizer, rainfall) and outputs (harvests) of the system are considered.The implications of the models are discussed in detail.Aspects of net primary production in the systems studied are considered.N fixation is calculated on the basis of balances. Analysis of soil water showed high variations that coincided with rainfall patterns and pruning of theE. poeppigiana.For part I see Vol. 4, No. 3, 1986 For part II see this issueAgroforestry Project, CATIE/GTZ (Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center/Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit), Turrialba, Costa Rica 相似文献
999.
The density of Armillaria gallica epiphytic rhizomorphs on tree collar was mapped in a young stand of pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). A quick method to estimate the rhizomorph density was developed, investigating 19 trees, and was used in the subsequent study. The method consists of measuring the frequency of rhizomorphs present on a grid applied to an exposed small area of the tree collar. The pattern in tree collar rhizomorph density was closely related to the pattern of stump colonization by Armillaria and stumps were therefore important as inoculum sources. Rhizomorph density on tree collar showed a strong aggregated spatial pattern which could not be explained by variability in the soil characteristics, in particular waterlogging, or by a spatial pattern in tree vigour. Moreover, rhizomorph density on tree collar did not depend on their dominance status. 相似文献
1000.
Emma Wilhelmson Dianne Staal Wästerlund Lage Burström Per-Olof Bylund 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(4):427-435
Little is known about the extent of work-related accidents occurring during the performance of forestry work by the non-industrial private forest owner or their assistant (hereafter called self-employed NIPF). The absence of an effective accident registration system largely excludes this group from accurate representation in official statistics. In this study, data from 1996 to 2001 were collected from hospital injury records managed by the Umeå Accident Analysis Group at the University Hospital in Umeå. During that period, it was found that 485 persons in the Umeå region were given medical attention due to injuries possibly acquired during self-employed forestry work. Questionnaires about the accidents were sent to each of the 485 injured persons and 80% were returned. Responses revealed that 225 of the respondents were injured during self-employed forestry work. Out of these, 81% performed fewer than 31 days of forestry work annually. Due to the injury, 29% had been on sick leave for some period of time and 42% had persistent symptoms. On average, each injury led to 13 days of sick leave and 24 hours of institutional care. Firewood production was shown to be a key factor behind the large number of accidents for self-employed NIPF. Further studies on the lack of knowledge about how the work should be done and conscious risk taking should be considered as an important link to the development of effective accident prevention strategies. 相似文献